Rickettsia - chii ichi? Ndezvipi zvirwere kukonzera Rickettsia?

Muna 1906, H. rickettsial tsvakurudzo chakatangwa mavara fivha. Muna 1909 vakadzidza zvinogadzirwa neropa kwakawanikwa tusingaoneki muchimiro tsotso vane kukura chaizvo duku. Utachiona Similar akawanikwa gore rino uye mumwe muongorori, S. Nicholas, chete pakudzidza sefivha. Uye kubva Ricketts akafa muna 1910 chete nokuda fivha, ane asati kutaura pamusoro wake kuwanikwa, zvakaipa causative vaishandira chirwere mhando ainzi kuremekedza kwake - Rickettsia, sezvo kuziva masayendisiti kuti sayenzi.

Chii Rickettsia

Rickettsia - vari mupfupi giremu negative Utachiona, izvo ndine ehupfumi zvose nemavhairasi uye utachiona. Kubva pakutanga vakatora mukana Pamuviri mumasero eukaryotic, asi panguva imwe chete, sezvinoita utachiona vanoda okisijeni, kuva sero rusvingo uye vane hanya imwe boka inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Izvi Micro-zvinenge - prokaryotes, havasi vane formalized chinoumba, hapana mitochondria.

Description uye Morphology

Kazhinji nhengo dzose mhando iyi shoma - kusvika 1 micron. vane tsvimbo serin'i kazhinji, asi pane zvimwe mumatanho zvingava filamentary uye bacillary. Uyezve, kuchinja zvose zvaitika mukati musero.

Rickettsia - munhu wakaiswa tupukanana tusingaoneki, havana flagella, uye pasi vanoshorwa ezvinhu, zvinoumba zviduku siyana kuvadzivirira. Kazhinji, nezvimiro izvi zvinogona kuva muviri kusvika makore 10 kuchengetedza uye reactivate pasi zvakanaka ezvinhu.

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma vari parasitic muchitokisi kwevanhu, kuchikonzera chirwere, asi kamwe kupinda zvakatipoteredza, pakarepo kuurayiwa. Zvakavapoteredza - foni mupenyu chinoshingaira muviri. Uye kana mucous Kamudzira mumuromo, huro uye Urinary turakiti vanosarudza mycoplasma, Rickettsia vanogara epithelial masero ari ura, uye vascular endothelium chikuru varidzi vayo - zvipembenene, uye mumwe murume yakarova anenge zvose nhengo uye munyama. Chlamydia uyewo vanosarudza kugara ari nhengo wokuratidzwa, zvinokanganisa nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, uye nemapapu.

Muwande sezvo nemavhairasi, rickettsiae mukati hondo masero, chete masero rwaamai kuburikidza kupatsanura hafu (ndiro maitire mabhakitiriya). Muchiitiko chino, masero utachiona ane chisvetasimba anouraya nokukurumidza.

The kutenderera zvigare izvi upenyu yakareruka. Izvi zvinogona kubva vegetative Danho - sero rinokamukana vanoshingaira kana quiescent Danho.

On the European kondinendi zvirwere zvinokonzerwa rickettsia, muri dererei. Asi muna Asia, muAustralia uye muna Tasmania, zvirwere izvi zvakapararira.

kupatsanura

On 26 May 2015 dzemarudzi rakaiswawo genus ichi. Panguva iyoyowo, mhando dzakawanda dziri kubatwa pano kare, vakanga vasingagoni uye Kutamiswa. Zvinofanira vati vanhuwo nyika kuti zvinovheneka rickettsial kupatsanura kusvikira pakuguma uye haina dzakabudirira.

Kudzidza zvigare izvi kune ngozi zvikuru, nokuti zvinenge nhengo dzose genus chikonzero chirwere, kusanganisira zvinouraya. Saka, kwaive zviitiko chirwere Vatsvakurudzi munyaya kudzidza tupukanana izvi.

rickettsial chirwere

Muvanhu kukonzera febrile Rickettsia Chirwere. Mukuru zita zvirwere zvose izvi - rickettsioses. The kuyerera wavo, sezvo mutemo, kwave unopinza chaizvo uye ari pamwe siyana siyana rashes paganda, trombovaskulitami kana vasculitis.

Saka chii chinokonzera chirwere Rickettsia? To musi, pane zvinotevera:

1. Epidemic typhus, zita rechipiri - fivha.
2. Disease Brill-Tsinsersa kana sparodichesky typhus (Rickettsia typhus, mushure munhu vanga vachirwara kokutanga, tora duku chimiro; pashure pemakore uye kunyange kwemakumi emakore zvichibvira dzokororo kwechirwere chacho, iyo vakagamuchira zita). Most kazhinji kuonekwa vakwegura.
3. Endemic typhus kana gonzo fivha.
4. typhus Brazilian.
5. North Asian uye Australian chishambwe typhus.
6. Rocky Mountain makwapa fivhiri.
7. Rickettsial pox.
8. Israeli fivha (more kunonzi kupisa muviri Marseille uye reMediterranean makwapa fivhiri).
9. Murine typhus (zita wechipiri - nhata, sezvo gungwa pamusoro kuchinjwa vari inda).
10. Quintan.
11. Tsutsugamushi, fivha, kana Japanese (ruzhinji vatakuri ndivo nemakonzo uye chirwere trombidiidae).
12. Malay itsvedzerere Fivha.
13. Sumatran gupa Fivha.
14. TIBOLA, ratidza kana lymphadenopathy - chirwere, akazarura sezvo achangobva sezvinotevera.
15. DEBONEL, kana necrotic strupalimfadenopatiya (kwakakonzerwa vakadarovo Rickettsia. Zvirwere akasiyana chete zviratidzo).

Uyewo kuvazivisa vari:

• Q fivhiri;
• goronga fivhiri;
• ospovidny typhus (asi inonzi rickettsialpox);
• Queensland fivha:
• Astrakhan rickettsial fivha.

Iyi ndaza zvisakakwana mazita zvirwere kuti vanhu vanogona kuti chirwere.

Nzira chirwere

Rickettsia kunze masero - iri kusagadzikana chaizvo sezvisingaiti ari kunze kwenyika, uye nokukurumidza kufa kubva zvinokonzerwa siyana zvinhu zvigare. Ndokusaka vachida chaiwo transporters. Nokuti basa iri, ropa-yakayamwa vakakwana tumbuyu, zvakadai inda, inda uye zvikwekwe.

Sezvo inda uye inda zvinowanika kwose kwose, Vanotakura zvirwere, muri endemic, ukuwo mites vane chaiyo nzvimbo dzavo, uye zvirwere zvinokonzerwa navo, vane hunhu ane endemic.

Pashure Rumborera mumuviri womunhu kuwa Rickettsia. Utachiona of gastrointestinal mucosa inda, inda kana mites Kutamiswa kupinda ropa, uye mugumisiro - nefivha uye chirwere chakakomba. Uye kashoma vane ngozi pachavo arthropods Rickettsia. Kwave zviitiko kutapurirana utachiona, tupukanana rezvipembenene nezvizvarwa kuburikidza mazai. Pano arthropods anoshandiswa nyore sezvo gungwa kuti kuchengetera tusingaoneki. Uyezve, uye zvipembenene infestation zvinogona kuitika kuburikidza neropa murwere hwevanhu panguva kuruma.

Kana mutakuri ndiye chishambwe Rickettsia, nayo utachiona inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nokuruma, kana microorganism ari mate omumuviri, kana vachidzipukuta kupinda ganda apo zvipembenene nyore kudzvinyirirwa.

Pane akaparadzana subspecies, zvakawanda nemishonga ezvinhu dzezvakatipoteredza inonzi Coxiella. Kutsamwisa zvirwere izvi rickettsia dzakadai kuburikidza zvipembenene ikaruma, uye kuenda neherikoputa mumate uye kukonzera zvakawanda mumwe vatatu mhando Q nefivhiri.

A Fivha Japanese haina inoparadzirwa zvakananga kubva murwere kuti utano munhu. Hako kuvapo nomurevereri. Uye kakawanda kupfuura basa rake reDare imwe gonzo kana mbeva. nokuruma dzavo kunogona kuva nengozi zvikuru.

Zviratidzo chirwere

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa rickettsia, anogona kuratidza pachavo nenzira dzakasiyana, asi nevakawanda zviratidzo vanogona kuva anokudzwa. Ivo ndeinotevera:

• nomusoro uye tsandanyama kurwadziwa asingazivikanwi mavambo;
• fivhiri;
• nekuve rashes uye zvipembenene ikaruma panzvimbo eschar akaumba mupfupi, iyo anodzima pamwe nguva, miedzo akanzwa pamusoro payo yayo Rigidity;
• kuzvimba node nodes, uye kuwedzera kwavo kukura;
• chikosoro yakaoma.

Heavy rickettsioses kazhinji nguva dzose nokuitika tembiricha uye delusional mamiriro, murwere kufema uye kupfupika rinorema. Zvokurwara chirwere kazhinji kukura. Chirwere chinogona kuitwa kuburikidza ganda biopsy kubva nokuruma. On kwayo pamusoro kana chirwere anogara ari papule aumbwa, iyo zvino kwaanoda dema.

Fever rinotanga vakapoteredza zuva rechina pashure chirwere, asi anogona kumbosiyiwa chitarisiko wake kwenguva yakareba. Murwere anovandudza ezvinhu hanya. Node nodes (pakutanga avo pedyo kuruma, ipapo mamwe) kuva anorwadza uye nokuwedzera kukura.

A vhiki pashure nezviratidzo chirwere wokutanga vanotanga kuonekwa mifananidzo zviratidzo rickettsial zvirwere - nefivha uye yakaoma chikosoro inoita kuti bronchitis kana nemabayo, pane photophobia, conjunctivitis. Zvichida nemhaka yokupisa kuva delirium, uyewo kukwana kana kwakakwana atadze kunzwa. The ganda rinowanika melkopapuleznaya mapundu, kunyanya pamusoro makumbo, asi dzimwe nguva pane hunde.

Kana iwe musatanga kurapwa, fivha icharamba kwevhiki mbiri. Kukwanisa kuparadza 40% kutapukirwa zvose. Uyezve, mukana rufu kunoenderana nemakore, Chirwere uye masoja nezvaanogona dzemuviri.

Microbiological kuongorora chirwere

Early chirwere zvinoita kuti rikurumidze apore. A nokukurumidza chirwere kuti Rickettsia - munhu biopsy kuti eschar. Asi unogona yasimbiswa chete voga pakati antibodies kubva immunized mbeva pashure ropa varwere munhu.

Imwe nzira diagnosing rinoitwa kushandisa serological nzira. Asi nemigumisiro anofanira zvichishandurwa nokunyatsongwarira, nekuti rinowanzoberekera pakati okuva akasiyana kwemabhakitiriya kwemarudzi muchinjikwa reactivity.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana nemiedzo nokuda kuziva Rickettsia - mharidzo mooseri-Neil. Panyaya iyi, iri mudumbu venous ropa murwere chinotarisirwa kuti Guinea nguruve mukuvamba febrile pachikuva. Kana hosha akatsinhira, mhuka kuonekwa zviratidzo fivha, zvinyama necrosis, uye varume nguruve scrotum unozvimba. Kakawanda, kana nechirwere akatsinhira, mhuka anofa.

Kutapata mu rikketsiozah

Kunyange hukuru duku vakadaro Micro-zvinenge mhando iyi ine mamwe maantigen (AG), kunyanya lipopolysaccharide zvisikwa. Ndakawana imwe neBP muna Rickettsia utachiona Proteus, riri kure zvakakwana kubva patafura imwe hurongwa pamusoro Rickettsia mhando. Naizvozvo, kana munhu akatambura mumwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa namarudzi mhando iyi, dzimwe vamiririri vakadarovo, titakure antigen kuti haisi zvinotyisa. Pashure pezvose, muchinjikwa kutapata ikabuda mumuviri womunhu.

mabatiro

Zvichienderana vakasarudzwa nzira kurapa chirwere. Chete vanonyatsokwanisa zvinotapukira zvinogona kuita zvakarurama zvokuongorora uye taurira kurapwa. In siyana rickettsial fivha dzavakatumirwa kutungamirira antipyretics, akadai "asipurini", "prednisolone" kana zvimwe glucocorticosteroids, mishonga ( "Rifampicin" kana "Levometitsin").

Panguva imwe chete zvakafanira kuita detoxification nokuda aizomupa, nokuti 3 mazuva gemodeza, intravenous jekiseni nokuti 3 mazuva shuga mhinduro uye kunwa mvura kusvika 2,5 litres pazuva oralita mhinduro mazuva mashanu.

In akadaro zano supplementation tembiricha anodzokera zvakajairika pazuva 9-11. Dzinenge vhiki mbiri gare gare ndakanga abvisa muviri marwadzo ari tsandanyama, uye vhiki nhatu pashure akanyangarika mapundu pamusoro muviri, izvo zvaireva kupora kutopedza.

Nokuti kurapa gupa nezvipembenene typhus zvinganaka mumwe zano kurapwa:

• Kugamuchira tetracycline mishonga uye (kana) boka levomitsetinovoy kuramba - zvinodhaka zvemwoyo zvine mwero dosages.
• Kana chirwere kunotangira kuremedzwa delusional mamiriro, kana zvimwe zvikuru zviratidzo vanoonekwa, kuwedzera shuga nomutsinga shanu muzana anogadzirisa yokuderedza toxication muviri.
• Mune zvisingawanzoitiki Muzviitiko mberi achiita hormone cardiac glycosides.

On zvaiitwa ichi, kunaya zvakakwana kunoitika anenge mwedzi mumwe.

Q fivha ikarapwa ingestion inorwisa mabhakitiriya, "chloramphenicol" uye zvinodhaka tetracycline boka panguva imwe chete. Kana, mumazuva matatu kana mana haringapiwi vakacherechedza izvozvo kuvandudzwa, mamwe mazano glucocorticoid zvinodhaka. Kana zvakadai divi migumisiro sezvo myocardium, mberi patange cardiac uye vasopressor zvinodhaka. detoxifying yomuchipatara vari kutarisirwa nomutsinga (shuga uye sesaline). Marapirwo rinovapo pamusoro nehafu mwedzi.

rickettsial kurapwa zvinofanira hazvo kuitika muchipatara, pasi pokudzora zvirwere zvinotapukira. Zvikuru zvakaoma kurapa chirwere chakaita Rickettsia, Chlamydia mune pamuviri uye uchiyamwisa, sezvo chikamu ichi wevarwere nokugamuchira contraindicated mishonga tetracycline boka. Muchiitiko chino, kupfuura munyoro, asi zvishoma inoshanda "Chloramphenicol" (achiyamwa panguva kurapwa ngaanyarare).

Vana kusvika makore masere rikketsiozah vaitire "Chloramphenicol" mumazuva gumi, uye vakwegura, uyewo vakuru - doksitsiklinovoy boka, ingotora munhu dose zvishoma.

dziviriro

To zuva, akakudziridza uye inoshandiswa mukurapa mushonga atenuirovannaya kuti dambudziko typhus uye pamusoro Q fivhiri.

Asi haasi munhu wose ane mukana kuti nhomba, kuenda pazororo kunyika pane muhomwe kutapukirwa rickettsial zvirwere. Saka, kuita zvishoma mitemo nyore, unogona kuzvidzivirira uye mhuri yako kwavari.

1. Kana ukaenda park, Park, dondo, mhuka kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo kuonana Zvikwekwe, inda kana zvimwe vatakuri, kupfeka zvipfeko maoko refu uye pasi - paupamhi-akazara hat.
2. Iva nechokwadi kuti kushandisa maturusi kudzinga tumbuyu.
3. Iva nechokwadi kuti aongorore pachavo uye vavo vana kuvapo zvipembenene ikaruma. Bhadharai ngwariro chaiyo pamutsipa, panosangana makumbo, muhapwa, uye nzvimbo pasi pamabvi - yaanofarira nzvimbo gupa nokuruma.
4. Paunoshanya nzvimbo utachiona chero rickettsiosis, iva nechokwadi kuti kupfeka zvipfeko akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya dimethyl phthalate.
5. Ndinoda kurara panze mumatende? Zvadaro hope panhowo, uye kwete pasi.
6. Paiva kufungirana pamusoro chirwere munhu pedyo rickettsiosis? Zvadaro usazeza kureva zvirwere.
7. Utsanana harina akadzima.