Renaissance murume: a-chinja munhu

Munhu Renaissance, kana "polymath" (yezvisikwa murume) - munhu kwakakwana munhu ane unyanzvi zhinji uye ari nyanzvi mune vakawanda anoranga.

Kutsunga zvikuru akazviratidza kunokwana hunoshamisa vemifananidzo, vanofunga zvikuru uye masayendisiti nenguva European Renaissance (kubva kumativi 1450). Michelangelo Buonarroti, Galileo Galilei, Nikolay Kopernik, Miguel Servet, Leon Battista Alberti, Isaka Nyuton - ndiwo mazita kukosha vanhu vari vatsvakurudzi vari muminda inoverengeka nesayenzi uye nounyanzvi. Asi zvichida kupfuura unoshamisa mumiririri wechokwadi Renaissance murume -Leonardo da Vinci. Aiva emhizha, injiniya, anatomist, aifarira dzimwe anoranga zhinji, uye vakabudirira chaizvo muzvidzidzo zvavo.

Shoko rokuti "polymath" agadzirwa Renaissance, izvozvo Rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki «polymathes», iro rinogona kushandurudzwa se "tenzi vazhinji ruzivo" - pfungwa aiva zvakakosha Plato naAristotle, ivo vanofunga huru munyika yekare.

Leon Battista Alberti akati: "Vanhu vanogona kuita zvose, kana vachida." Pfungwa iyi rinosanganisa mirayiridzo inokosha Renaissance Humanism, zvikaonekwa kuti munhu risingaperi wayo kuita uye kubudirira. Chokwadi, mashoko okuti "murume Renaissance" kunofanira kureva chete kune chipo vanhu vakaedza unyanzvi hwavo muminda yose ruzivo, unyanzvi, kwomuviri, kusiyana nevamwe vanhu vaigara iyoyo, zvikuru rinomiririra vanhu kudzidza.

Vanhu vakawanda, vachishuva kune nzvimbo "murume nokudenga." Vari kuramba kuita kuzvidzora kuvandudzika, mikana kukura vakagamuchira, kudzidza mutauro wokumwe, tsvakurudzo, aigona kunzwisisa uye tsanangura zvinetso kwouzivi kukoshesa unyanzvi, kutamba mitambo (nani muviri wake). Vachiri Danho, apo vose havatsananguri pfungwa vanhu vakadzidza kuwana zvakawanda - mabasa nevafungi Greek uye vazivi (mabasa mazhinji vakarasika inotevera remakore). Uyezve, murume Renaissance aiva mutsivi tsika chivalry. Knights pakati vokutanga yeMiddle Ages, sezvo tichiziva, vanhu vakanga kuverenga, aiziva nhetembo uye unyanzvi, vane tsika dzakanaka, aiva munhu rusununguko (dzakakudzingai mabasa kune mutongi feudal). A kodzero dzevanhu rusununguko kuva chikuru dingindira dzechokwadi Humanism of Renaissance.

Kusvika pamwero wakati, Humanism harisi philosophy, uye tsvakurudzo nzira. Kwevanhu vaidavira kuti munhu ari Renaissance vauye kumagumo hwake aine pfungwa dzakanaka uye muviri kwazvo. izvi zvose zvinogona kuitwa nguva dzose nekudzidza uye kuvandudzika. The chinangwa chikuru wevanhu chaiva kusika munhu yezvisikwa uyo anosanganisa pfungwa uye mumuviri ukuru.

The rediscovery magwaro ekare uye nokugadzirwa Kudhinda democratized kudzidza uye akabvumira kuti nokukurumidza kupararira pfungwa. Mukutanga Renaissance, kunyanya kukura ndokumuka nevanhu. Zvisinei anoshanda Nikolaya Kuzanskogo (1450) chakapfuura heliocentrically nenzira Copernicus akaisa kusvika pamwero kutanga sayenzi. Kunyange zvakadaro, sayenzi uye nounyanzvi kuti Renaissance (sezvo kurangwa) vakanga vakavhengana chaizvo pakutanga yaitonga. Muenzaniso unoshamisa iyi - iyo shasha huru Leonardo da Vinci, uyo ane hunoshamisa painter, inonzi baba nesayenzi yemazuva ano.