"Raptor" F-22 (F-22 Raptor) - rechishanu chizvarwa multi-basa murwi

Pakutanga September 1997 akaita debut kutiza murwi "Raptor" F-22. Pasinei zlopyhaniya zhinji mudzimba uye dzimwe nyanzvi, rakaisvonaka ndege zvechadenga ndege, asi makore mashoma apfuura zvakanzi pakupedzisira wakatorwa kugadzirwa. Uye kwete zvikuru zvinoshamisa kwayo zvinodhura, asi pamwe zviitiko yomuka panguva huchishanda.

Furidzira kuti mitero

Nyaya kuti Anovanzira "Raptor" F-22, anogona yakabudiswa ushingi mumabhuku. It zvose zvakanyatsobatana: ari intransigence of US Congress, uye hasha Developers avo dzakamanikidzwa chokubatanidza kuvasiri superimposable, uye nechido wokutanga ndege, uye inoshamisa rufu vezvikepe, uye zvechigarire rairambidzwa operative mitoro ... The pachiyero, iyo yakawandisa kukura ndege vakapfuura bhiriyoni 70 madhora maererano pamutemo mishumo.

vakaenda kwakatangira kupi

Technical chirongwa musi pakusikwa ndege itsva F-22 Raptor American vagadziri paakadzoka muna 1981, asi vatengi vari chiso hurumende vaiziva (asi kwete zvose), kuti kukura, panguva yakanakisisa, yakanonoka mashomanana emakore. Pfungwa, the Air Force chete mumakore iwayo vakapiwa vanotengesa itsva F-15, zvinhu izvo zvinofanira kuva zvakakwana kwemakore mashoma. Ndokusaka Washington chete aida kuwana nzira kuti zvaizova chose kupfuura zvose Soviet uye European. Enyika nezvezvandisina munhu ichiita mabasa akawanda chaizvo ndege kuti aigona kushanda sezvo murwi uye kurwisa ndege. Izvozvo zvakaitika sei? Iwe.

Kugadzirisa haana anopedzisa

By stuffing huchashandiswa akaratidzwa nyore zvisinganzwisiswi panguva zvinodiwa. Saka onboard kombiyuta aifanira inokwana kanenge 10 Gflops uye ndangariro imwe gigabyte. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Developers vakakwanisa kugadzirisa chiduku dambudziko rakadai kushandisa nyore processor i486. Asi zvino mauto akanga akamirira kurwadza: muna 1996, chete gore kutangira kutiza, dzesangano "Intel" vakazivisa Pasika-kubva chikare yokutevedzera. Zvichakadai, nePentagon pakutanga kutarisirwa kugamuchira zvinenge 1,200 ndege, mumwe nomumwe waida 80 (!) Processors. Kupi kutora kuti? Lockheed Martin rave vakaedza "kuzvimbandidzira" ari Developers, asi "Intel" raiva rokubvisa mupengo kutsemuka uye ndisingadi kubereka chaizvo yechinyakare midziyo mu batch diki.

Uye saka ndaifanira kukurumidza nyorazve ose Software nokuda processor itsva. Chete pamusoro shandurudzo, maererano pamutemo data, chaifanira kupedza kanenge bhiriyoni emadhora. Kazhinji, kuti "risina parinogumira nguva mitemo" vakanga damn mashandiro zvinodhura. Uye ichi kwaingova kutanga. Zvechokwadi, yechishanu-chizvarwa murwi ...

Change mukasateura ane misodzi shoma

Military pachavo nezvezvandisina vundervaffe, mari vasingadi kupfuudza $ mamiriyoni 40 paminiti ndege. Asi mutengo kwave kuchiita kukura, uye nekuti nePentagon aifanira kuderedza dumbu ravo. Apo 187 ndege (uye akanga rakaderedzwawo production) yakavakwa muna 2011, zvakava pachena kuti mutengo mumwe muchina inopfuura $ mamiriyoni 150. Saka mari F-22 "Raptor" "rakapfuura" (uye zvakawanda) kunyange prices F-117 (aizivikanwawo "akaremara goblin"), iyo yainzi kuti kunyora pamusoro chinoratidza. Zvisinei, muchina uyu achiri ine zvakawanda zvakanaka zviri pane muenzaniso 117, izvo American vezvikepe pachavo noruremekedzo vachinzi "Flying Iron".

A seti nokupokanidzana

Pachokwadi zvokufungidzira, se "Raptor" F-22 haasati ari kurwa chaiyo, ndege zvikuru hwakanaka kudenga. Kubva pfungwa maonero radar maonero hazvina kudaro zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva michina "mureza". Kufurirwa pamwe pfungwa nemaonero ndege - chete maturo, nekuti mari iyi inogona kutenga kanenge gumi nevaviri kwakajairika kurwisa ndege, Nokuraramisa mutengo riri kakawanda zvishoma (!).

Uye izvi zvose haisi nemhaka yokushaya professionalism ose vagadziri. VokuAmerica vagara makaita ndege zvakanaka, ruzivo mumunda ichi, havaiti kutora. Just panguva Developers taifanira ndege yokutanga kubva mumotokari yakatarwa wezvokutengeserana-offs. Uye ichi, sezvo iwe unogona kunzwisisa chero zvazviri savvy munhu, haana kuti chinhu chakanaka asingatadzi.

nzira nzwisisa

Saka, ndaifanira kuramba kuenda kuwedzera kuita. Somuenzaniso "Raptor" F-22 haana yokunze kuturika kuti chombo bhomba zvombo kurwisa izvo kunoderedza kukosha kwayo kuti razero. It akaenda nekuti pasi Kuwanikwa kuturika ndege akava zvakakwana usingaonekwi radar. How zvinoonekwa muchini ano mugadziriro radar kuonekwa, Hazvizivikanwi se "kurwa" kushandisa "Raptor" kufambidzana ndeyevanyori kombiyuta simulation.

Uye nekuti zvose "zvinodiwa" iri muna yomukati nezvikamu. All zvina. The miviri - chimwe chombo, vamwe vaviri - maviri. Uye, maererano chikumbiro mutengi, vanofanira kutanga kurwisa, uye murwi musimboti. Somugumisiro, zvaida kusika yakagozha mudziyo kuti aigona "dzinoburitsa" munhu chombo panguva supersonic nokukurumidza. Uye izvi zvinoitwa kamwe maitikiro maviri. pneumatic actuator simba First sezvariri anogogodza chombo kubva kwokunze compressed mhepo layer uye wozochirasa ari hydraulics projectile yawo trajectory.

Vatungamiri US Air Force aida sei nguva akachenjera mashandiro ichi hazvifaniri kupfuudza 0.2 seconds. Ndizvo chete, pasinei Herculean zvinoitwa mainjiniya uye masayendisiti, mune tsika, ukoshi uyu 0,9 seconds. Uye kwete anononoka hurongwa: kana chitundumuseremusere kuti kuvaparadzanisa afterburner nokukurumidza nokukurumidza ndiko kuparadzwa kwaro. Saka kuti zvakaitwa ndege, saka kutaura, anonoke.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakadaro inoshamisa run, kwete zvombo zvose uye kwete zvose muchitiza modes: pasi kurwisa iri kusashanda zvinopfuura mudziyo uri nyore. Pasina vachipinda mashoko, hayo bhomba Bay, kuti chitundumuseremusere anoiswa pamusoro njanji, uye pamwechete navo kutanga projectile pakuparurwa kana zvakakodzera.

The pakunzi kukoshesa

Pakupedzisira zvose kuuya pasi, saka kuti Ndege F-22 "Raptor" riri kuswedera mapuranga regai, asi nekuti chimwe chinhu chinofanira akabayirwa. Masayendisiti vakanga tasked kuti maximize kutiza waivako anorwisa. Ipapo mainjiniya vakasarudza kushandisa injini ine shanduka akapinza vectoring, uye yekudyidzana akavandudza contours ari airframe. Nokuti chero chikonzero, vokuAmerica vanoda kugara chete hunyambiri akapinza kuchinja (Su-35 yedu Somuenzaniso, unogona kushandura panzvimbo chinjikira mirayiridzo).

Asingaoneki uri Radar sefa akaisa panzvimbo yechipiri. Kusiyana "Chirema Goblin ', kureva F-117, dzaishandiswa kuitira kukuvadza chaiwo Maumbirwe airframe, uye kwete kutsausa ndege yedare tichitarisa aerodynamics. Achipindira shure kubva pasi, somuenzaniso, kuti muna 1990, apo kugadzirwa "Night Hawk" akanga kudzidzinga akapeta, vose mari nepurogiramu iyi nhaka kuna "Raptor". Fungidziro ndechokuti bongozozo nharaunda iri F-22 Raptor ndiye 0.3 m². The "Goblin", nhamba iyi ranged kubva 0.01 kusvika 0,0025 m². Asi "Raptor" asi yakasarudza kuzviita nendege, panzvimbo akadaro simbi. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti kambani Lockheed Martin, nguva ino vakasarudza kuedza murefu Congress.

Zvisinei, inowanzotorwa kutengeserana-kure pakati zvakarurama uye namano kubhomba achiri asina chakaitika. Kunyange kuwana mhinduro yakawanda mari yave apedza. Saka, nokuda "Raptor" panguva isu akasika munhu mabhomba "akangwara" kutungamirirwa kubaya kubudikidza GPS. Chokwadi kuti bhomba mikova zvidiki F-22 nyore hairevi chakaipa bhomba kushingaira kukanganiswa. Kana ukashandisa "nyore" zvombo zvepabonde chinhu nokurohwa imwe Laser danda, wose namano ndege iri kubhururuka pasi zvaimutambisira. Saka kwomwedzi rubatsiro kwakanga rinenge chete Zvingangokubatsirai kuti dambudziko iri.

Kazhinji, bhomba akatendeuka chaizvo: dzibhururuke pa madaro kusvika makiromita 30 kubva zvinoyerera pfungwa, nokutsauka kubva chipfuro idukusa mamita 11. Kutaura zvazviri, ari chitundumuseremusere, nokuramba wakaomerera panzira yakasungirirwa dzakananga Coordonatele pamusoro pepasi. Saka kana chinangwa chacho kuti kufambisa, kamurova rechishanu-rudzi murwi uchagona kana sezvisingaiti. Izvo zvakare agumisa kurwisa mano ake. Asi ichi hachisi chete akaipa. Kuti yakarova "akangwara" bhomba mira chipfuro, "Raptor" rine nendege chete pasi mumhino yomuvengi mhepo kudzivirira mauto. Zvokuti imwe mutoro ari Bhomba mikova mhosva zvikuru uye zvombo akanyorerwa kunyatsoreva tidzivise Anti-ndege kuzvidavirira.

kurwisa simba

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ichiita mabasa akawanda F-22 "Raptor", hunhu izvo, tinonzwisisa, haana Hardware chaiwo kuona uye chamber pasi huru, iyo zvakare kunoderedza kwayo dzepabonde mikana kushoma. Kazhinji, uye kwete kupomera vagadziri: midziyo pakutanga yakafanana iri ndege yaiva, asi akatorwa kubva kuvakwa chikumbiro nePentagon wacho, kana mari chirongwa kwazvo kure akamboona. To mbiri pakati mainjiniya ose "Lockheed Martin," Ndinofanira kutaura kuti dzinokosha zvishandiso kuti zvakarurama kubhomba, vakanga vachiri kukwanisa kuchengeta. Saka, mundege, pane zvose zvokusarudza zvakafanira, iyo ngaive kwauri nokukurumidza uye pasina kurasikirwa asi zvakafanira kubatanidza onboard zvokushandisa, kana achapa Vakuru zvakanaka.

Zvisinei, saka kure zvikuru nzira kuparadza huru panyika rinongova zvakafanana ichangobva kutaurwa GPS mabhomba, iyo kushanda zvakakwirira, asi chete kana kushanda mira zvinhu. Kazhinji, izvi ndiko chikonzero nei "Raptors" akatora mugove muna US vemauto mabasa Afghanistan ndiye. Ndiani aripo kubata pasi GPS? Saka nokuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti vokuAmerica zvombo vachiri vamire F-16 okuberekwa, ane zvakakwana yokutsiva uyo asina.

Kazhinji maonero hondo yokuIraq, apo US vemauto akasangana zvakawanda kana zvishoma chakakomba anokumhan'arira akanga avhiyesheni, anoteterera mumwe chete mhedziso: kushandiswa F-22 hondo kunyika Third Renyika - zvisina maturo. Watch kutiza ndege kusvika vanopfuura vaviri F-15 okuberekwa, izvo akabudirira kuita zvakafanana mabasa.

mutyairi wendege rutsigiro upenyu hurongwa

Zvingaita kuti US Air Force akagamuchira motokari, ndiro boka unyanzvi absurdities. Pfungwa, hwaro pfungwa iyi, asi chaizvoizvo, unyanzvi ichi chinayo mazhinji ruzivo akawanda. Ndizvo chete vari "mbishi", kuti zvose zvazvakanakira ndakavapa - hapana kumeso matambudziko avakanga zvakasikwa. New zvinhu zvakaoma, anodhura uye capricious mu debugging. Chimwe chezvinhu Muenzaniso ndiro rinokosha suit mutyairi upenyu-rutsigiro. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi "suit" iri kunzwisisa inenge runopfuura spacesuit.

The kwava zvokuti chinoshamisira kuti ane kushandisa vachishandisa kure dukusa kombiyuta. Kana akatadza, pane pfungwa Chinyorwa Achitaurazve bhuku kudzora (zvino chinja kuchinja). Asi kare rokutanga bvunzo muhondo zviumbu vezvikepe webasa ava vakawanda mishumo kubva vezvikepe vane zvikumbiro ndinobvisa navo munenge Lockheed Boeing F-22 Raptor kuti zvimwe zvakakodzera. Chokwadi chokuti Inlet uye nzira yokubudisa of anofambisa ane simba zadzisa pakati vezvikepe zvose noruzivo rikwanise anoxia, vava kuda kufenda. Ipapo mauto bureaucrats havana kuzviita kuti kukosha zvichemo. Ndizvo chete muna 2010, kamwe mutyairi akanga "simba" uye nyore rakabhuroka panguva Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva "Raptor" yacho vanobwembura. Somugumisiro, motokari yakadonha, mumwe murume akanga aurayiwa.

It vakazoroorwa yakabuda kuti hurongwa ropa zvinoyerera mhepo kupinda mutyairi wacho suit havaratidzi yakatanga. More chaizvo, "Khimich" vharafu: nokuti yayo mhepo nguva kwete kunyatsobudiswa ropa shoma basa, zvokuti vanhu vari nyore ndokusvinira zvakawandisa kumanikidzwa. Uye zadzisa akanga akasimba zvokuti kunyange compressed zvemapapu Formação de. Somugumisiro, motokari zana nemakumi mashanu vaiva panguva iyoyo vari mumapoka aifanira kukurumidza kuzodzosera Kushongedzera. Kupfuura gore "Raptor" zvaisambobvumirwa kukwira mamita anopfuura zviuru zvishanu (ane sirin'i mamiriyoni 20).

zvidzidzo

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune zuva, motokari rinoita kuiswa kwokupedzisira ezvinhu. Asi mubvunzo unoramba yakazaruka - chii vaipedza mari zvikuru pamusoro pokumuka ndege iyi. Zvokufungidzira murwi akakwana anogona kutsiviwa ndege chizvarwa 4 ++, uye avo kurwisa nePentagon uye mikana usaedza kurangarira kamwe zvakare.

Zvisinei, hatifaniri kuzvinyengera: chidzidzo changa kuAmerica vakadzidza haana kuipa. Apo F-35 design, maneuverability vakasarudza kupa kune namano. Mutengi akasarudza kuti akadaro akanaka waivako unhu havasi kudaro dzetsika dzemagariro yakakwirira waivako RF chiratidzo kupararira. Zvisinei, nguva ino vokuAmerica akasvika mamwe hara, asi mubvunzo zvino haasi pamusoro kuti ... In mhedziso, ndinoda kutaura kuti ikozvino zvakazara kuedzwa Pak-Fa wedu. Ungangove, vagadziri edu vakakwanisa kufunga akaipa ruzivo yavo mhiri kwemakungwa dzomuzana uye kashoma kuti kudzokorora zvikanganiso zvavo.

Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti, pasinei nezvose zvikanganiso ayo murwi F-22 "Raptor" - zvimwe chete ndege Western, anokwanisa kuita akakurumbira 'Cobra Pugachev ". Uye ichi ndicho chiratidzo akaipa kwazvo, zvichiratidza yakakwirira maneuverability pamusoro muchina, iro zvechokwadi anogona kukwikwidzana pamusoro yakaenzana usakurirwe yedu Su-37 uye gare gare yokutevedzera.

Basic nokurondedzerwa

• Total airframe kureba - 18.9 m.
• Full kunonyanyisa cabinet kukwirira - 5,09 m.
• Vose mapapiro - 13,56 m.
• Gross penyika nzvimbo bapiro - 78,04 m.
• Misa waburuswa Ndege - 19 kusvika 700 makirogiramu.
• Kuderedza yasimuka uremu - 38000 makirogiramu.
• Area akapararira - 0.3-0.4 ba. m.
• Kusundira Rod injini - 2 X 15.876 kgf.
• The vaifanira kuwana akurumidze - 2700 km / h.
• Nokukurumidza mune kuipa nzira, pasina afterburner - 2410 km / h.
• Kufadza bvumidzwa nokukurumidza pa wegungwa - 1490 km / h.
• The nharaunda yacho revarwi kushandiswa - 760? Km.
• The vaifanira kuvapo kukwira - 20,000 mamita.
• Zadzisa panguva kumhanyisa - 9 g.
• The chikuru chombo of F-22 "Raptor" - 20-mm otomatiki pfuti, zvombo zvinokandwa masere "mhepo-kuti-mhepo" kana matanhatu mabhomba "akangwara", kana mubatanidzwa kwayo.

Nokutumwa kwakaitika muna 2005. Total kugadzirwa 187 ndege. Kurasika varwi vashanu.

In mhedziso, ndinoda kusimbisa kamwe zvakare kuti "Raptor" - muenzaniso akaipa PR kuti zvikuru chakapinzwa chete US uto akakwana. Hongu, ndege yakawanda zvinetso urongwa zvoupfumi, idzo nePentagon ngwariro kazhinji havagoni kubhadhara. Asi kubva waishandiswa nemaonero, motokari yakanga vakadzikama zvikuru. The chete drawback chaiyo - kushaya zvikuru multi-tasking.

Ground huru murwi F-22 "Raptor" basa kushanda asingagoni, kubudirira matatu kana mana mabhomba sokuti vasingakoshi. Asi ndege rakanakira chokwadi, kunyange kana ari tsika iyi kwave asina nekusimbiswa tichitarisa mukubata varwi muvengi.

Zviya, redu T-50 anewo chete namahwindo dzakawanda zvombo Bay, uye ruzivo pamusoro Kuvapo zvokunze muviri Kit haisi ... Saka isu uye US chizvarwa wechishanu murwi zvakajeka yakafanana mumwe. Tinovimba kuti kurwa muedzo nezvaanogona dzavo rirege kupedzwa. Uyezve, yose hwokugadzira yairambidza "Raptor" hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti mugove kubudirira ano mhepo rwisana weshumba - kushandisa zvombo ano. Uye pamwechete navo, vokuAmerica zvose zvakanaka.

Pakupedzisira, huru huru yezvirongwa zveF-22 neF-35 (yeU.SA, zvechokwadi) ndiyo kufamba kwesayenzi nekuputsa-kwese kwetsika itsva. Mhuri Su-47 "Berkut" yakasikwa uye yakaiswa nechinangwa chimwe chete.