Pushkin: "Handina shongwe. pasina namaoko." History kwezvisikwa, Kuongororwa romubati mavambo

Okugadzira zvinhu A. S. Pushkina okupedzisira oupenyu hwake zvikuru siyana: ingano uye nhoroondo ingano, nhetembo panyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. Pakati mabasa ake okupedzisira zvinosanganisira nhetembo "Ndiri shongwe amisa pasina maoko."

Background "Monument" uye maonero vakararama panguva

Ikakuruma zvakawanda dzidziso nezvenhoroondo kunyorwa nhetembo "Handina shongwe.."

Pushkin akanyora izvozvo pakupindurwa nhetembo "Vaviri Alexander", akanyorwa makore shamwari yake lyceum Delwig. Izvi backstory chisikwa inonzi mabhuku wenhoroondo, Pushkin nyanzvi Vladislav Felitsianovich Hodasevich.

Other chaiko-Pushkinists secrete akawanda dzidziso chokuita kwakatangira kunyora nhetembo "Ndiri shongwe amisa pasina maoko."

Pushkin akatevedzera pre-huripo mabasa chaiko: Derzhavin, A. Vostokova, Lomonosov, Kapnist.

Chechipiri dzidziso yakatanga kuRoma yekare uye kunokanganisa basa Horace, Odes munyori Exegi monumentum.

Nhetembo yakanga panoonekwa vakararama uye nezvizvarwa zvakawanda.

Kutenda kwava kuda kuziva basa rake, nokuziva zviri kuuya rudo uye kubvuma vana - misoro akafukidza ari nhetembo, vakanga panoonekwa vakararama Nyanduri chando. Sezvo vaizviita mbiri pachake mabhuku matarenda hadzina vanoremekedzwa zvikuru. Kureva kuti, muna pfungwa dzavo, uye akanga achiparidza mabasa Pushkin.

"Handina shongwe. pasina maoko" mafeni ari munyori kwave vachinzwisisa sechinhu anthem nhetembo uye tariro kuchakunda pakunamata pamusoro koporo.

"Monument" uye njodzi nyanduri

Draft chigadzirwa akawanikwa ari murwi mapepa pashure pokufa nyanduri. Vasily Zhukovsky akabatsira nhetembo azviise posthumous kuunganidzwa kwemashoko munyori wemitambo wacho mabasa (1841).

Pushkin akanyora, "Handina shongwe. pasina maoko" chete kwemwedzi mishanu pamberi yenhamo duel, iyo yakava yerufu rwake; asi nhetembo ari yomusi August 21, 1836 The basa rakanga dzinouraya Kufembera nezvedambudziko rufu.

On bhora Gore Idzva Alexander pachake verenga ake "Monument".

nhetembo Pushkin, kuti conceptualize njodzi Nyanduri iri prism yevanhu, akanyora yakanyanya pachake makore: nevatsoropodzi mumaoko kuzorwa naye, tsarist kusenza lyutovali uye hazvitenderwi kudhinda dzakawanda basa, rokunyika vanhu akakurukura norunyerekupe pamusoro pake uye wake, uye upenyu hwemhuri huri cracking walnut. Zvichida ndiwo mhepo ichi kukanganiswa yakadzika pfungwa, achaita chinangwa kuongorora pachake rokusika mupiro mabhuku munyori wemitambo.

Self-ndyaringo uye epigram?

Vanhu pedyo Aleksandru Sergeevichu, nemaonero aiva kuti chigadzirwa izere manotsi nokuzvidzora ndyaringo. Vakadana "Monument" epigram, chinhu chakanga Pushkin pachake.

Kusimbiswa dzidziso iyi ndiyo pfungwa nhetembo: yakanyorerwa kuti nyanduri, ane basa haakudzwi pakati vedzinza, kunyange zvazvo vaifanira kunge chikonzero kwavari ichichiyemura.

Memoirist Peter Vyazemsky vakanamatira "ndyaringo" pakati dzidziso yacho nhetembo "Handina shongwe.." Pushkin uye Vyazemsky vaiva shamwari, saka mabhuku mutsoropodzi vakasimbirira pamusoro Kutadza kuverenga pamusoro chigadzirwa vachivakuza. Akati kuti haisi nyaya zvokunamata uye mabhuku nhaka, uye pamusoro kuziva vanhu pachake. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanhu vairarama, izvo vakakosa mu madenderedzwa nyanduri asingapotereri haana kufanana naye somunhu. Asi panguva imwecheteyo isu akaziva guru zvinhu zvinogona of Pushkin.

"Handina shongwe. pasina maoko" uye aiva "rakavanzika" divi.

tatongerwa rufu

Vatsigiri "rakavanzika" shanduro pfungwa kuti detembo iri nokufanotaurirwa Kusaona afa nyanduri, izvo aiziva pachine. Kutanga kubva nechinzvimbo uye kuramba shanduro Viazemsky kwendyaringo mabasa, tinogona kutaura kuti 'Monument "waiva testamendi ine Pushkin zvokunamata.

Chiratidzo kwakaitwa kwete chete mudetembi upenyu, asi basa rake. Novelist uye munyori wemitambo aiziva kuti vaizotevera havazodyari chete rumbidzo uye kukudzwa, asi ichakurukurwa titevedzere.

Panewo tsika kuti refu asati Mugumisiro wakaipa kwavo nzira youpenyu Alexander aiziva nderipi kunyanya zuva uye panguva ipi zuva riri kumirira rufu. Panoti kuti rufu iri mumaoko inozvikudza blond akafembera munhu kufembera.

Tatongerwa nezvedambudziko rufu uye achida aunganidze hwake kumusoro, Pushkin akataura zvikuru kuwana bhuku vamene - peni - uye akanyora "Monument".

Pushkin. Nhetembo "Ndiri shongwe amisa pasina maoko." A pfupi ongororo

Lyrical gamba anogona kunzi Alexander Sergeyevich. Nyaya iri njodzi munyori, munyaya akapoteredza munhoroondo yevanhu, uye mupiro hwakazotevera kuti mabhuku.

Mudetembi anopiwa pfungwa pamusoro chii nzvimbo rakapiwa kwaari ino, kworudzii ukama iye akaumbwa munharaunda uye vaverengi. Iye anotarisira kuti upenyu zvaparadzwa rokusika tsvakurudzo uye nomunhu, akanga asiri pasina uye tichabatsirwa zvizvarwa. Iye anotarisira kuti pashure pokufa zvichaitwa kuyeukwa, "Kwete, zvose Handingafi."

Uyewo akamutsa nyaya iri nhetembo mudetembi uye nhetembo, enhetembo mukurumbira uye enhetembo nhaka. Pushkin akanyora kuti nyanduri richavakunda rufu kuburikidza rokusika nhaka uye kuziva kuvazukuru.

mutsetse nerimwe "Shongwe" riri yonhuwa kudada ndechokuti nyanduri wacho nhetembo akasununguka uye akanaka: ". ndinokudza rusununguko uye tsitsi nokuda rawa"

A detembo ane epigraph Exegi monumentum (ari mukoto. "Ndamutsa shongwe"), kune rumwe rutivi, izere mavara akajeka uye anofara, chinotaura pamusoro husingaperi ounyanzvi, asi Ukuwo, zviri zvishoma chakasuruvara uye ndakasuruvara, nekuti ichi ndicho nejichidza rwiyo Nyanduri, inopfupikisa mugumisiro hwokusika basa, yakanga Pushkin pachake.

"Handina shongwe. pasina namaoko." unyanzvi dudziro

A detembo kubudikidza mutinhimira inzwi anganzi zvishoma, ichi ndicho anononoka kumhanya rinopa kunokudzwa mutinhimira. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda kukura chete ndima (iambe pentameter pamwe), kuyambuka senhetembo wakakwana nokuda quatrains (quatrains), rakatumbuka zvechikadzi uye rume nekudetemberwa.

Vakawanda unyanzvi vezvenhau rakabatsirawo kusika munhu kugonesa mumhepo basa. Pakati pavo anogona kutaurwa: anaphora (edinonachatie mitsetse), inversion (harungashandurwi hurongwa mashoko), Magungano zvakafanana nhengo.

Hwakakura mataurire mabasa kubudirira kuburikidza epithets: "ari shongwe pasina nemaoko," enzaniso "mweya madota wangu vachapona uye kuora run kure" vomukombiyuta "neMuse ... rumbidzo uye makuhwa zvinogamuchirika hanya uye haana nharo benzi" metonymy "guhwa pamusoro pangu kuchaitika zvose pamusoro Russia zvikuru. " Kuburikidza lexical zvinosanganisira kakawanda kushandiswa Slavonicisms (Haiwa nyanduri, musoro, akamutswa).

Pahwaro mifananidzo, lexical hunova pamusoro nhetembo, zvine musoro kugumisa kuti, sezvo zvafanotaurwa, uye Alexander, iye akasika mabasa ake kuzvibereko "Shongwe pasina nemaoko." Pushkin akararama, mupenyu uye vachararama kuburikidza nemabasa akanyorwa.