Polymerase cheni maitiro uye pezvawakaita uye zvezvinotaurwa

Polymerase cheni maitiro (PCR) - nzira ezvinhu zvipenyu, izvo zvinoita kuti vanzwe zviri zvipenyu zvenyama rakawanda duku deoxyribonucleic asidhi (DNA), kana kuti, dzimwe dzayo nezvimedu, uye vawande vave nguva zhinji. Vakabva vaizivikanwa nemaziso nomuromo gel electrophoresis. The Zvakaitwa yakazokudziridzwa muna 1983 na K. Mullis uye zvaisanganisira ari ndandanda kunoshamisa Zvakawanikwa achangopfuura makore.

Ndezvipi zvigadziriswe PCR

The yose nzira inobva mano nucleic acids kuzvinzwira kutevedzera, kuti iyi nyaya wakaitwa artificially murabhoritari. DNA kuberekana havagoni kutanga chero munharaunda Morekuru, asi chete munzvimbo ine yakananga kutevedzana kwezviitiko nucleotides - yokutanga zvimedu. Kuti polymerase cheni maitiro ratanga, tinoda lähikuva (kana DNA Yatanga Kuongorora). Ava zvimedu pfupi DNA sequences ane kupiwa nucleotide kutevedzana. Ivo dzinopindirana (i.e., unoenderana) kutanga mharidzo DNA nomugove.

Chokwadi, kuti pave primers, masayendisiti vanofanira kudzidza kutevedzana kwezviitiko nucleotides ari nucleic acid, izvo zvinobatanidzwa nzira. Izvi DNA Yatanga Kuongorora nechokwadi specificity nemapinduriro yayo kudzidziswa. Polymerase cheni maitiro handingakwiri, kana mharidzo asingadi kuwana pane imwe morekuru zvinodiwa DNA. Kazhinji, maitiro kunoda pamusoro apa primers, chine nucleotides, kupisa nemishonga DNA polymerase. Ekupedzisira ane enzayemu - CATALYTIC zvinoitwa kwetunhu itsva nucleic asidhi mamorekuru iri mharidzo hwaro. Vose zvinhu izvi, kusanganisira zvipenyu nyaya, izvo zvakafanira kuzivisa DNA ikashandiswa kuva maitiro musanganiswa (mhinduro). It anoiswa mukati thermostat chaiyo kuti anoita nokukurumidza chaizvo kudziyisa kwayo uye kutonhora mukati yakanatsa nguva - kutenderera. Ndivo Kazhinji 30-50.

ndiko kuti ichi kuita

Musimboti ichi ndechokuti panguva imwe inaye, asi primers vari vasiyana zvikamu kutsvakwa DNA, pashure pacho anoenda doubling pedyo enzayemu. Pahwaro kunoguma DNA tambo synthesized mu nekutambira zvinogara zvakawanda nezvidimbu dzakafanana mamorekuru.

Polymerase cheni kuita iri nguva kuzovazve anotevera matanho ayo. It dzinoratidzwa kutanga doubling uwandu chigadzirwa panguva imwe ichitanga kudziyisa uye kutonhora. In danho nemapinduriro rechipiri rinowanika deceleration sezvo enzayemu riri tagovera uye anorasikirwa basa. Uyezve, kwezvinoshandiswa mumatanda ose nucleotides uye primers. Mumakore Danho - nebani - zvigadzirwa havachisiri kuunganidza sezvo reagents pamusoro.

Apo rinoshandiswa

Pasina mubvunzo, broadest chikumbiro polymerase cheni maitiro anowana mukurapa uye musayenzi. Rinoshandiswa pachena uye pasiri zvipenyu, mushonga wemhuka, chemishonga, uye kunyange ikoroji. Nepo zvapedzisira kuita kuti akuteerere chikafu yepamusoro uye zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Achishingaira kushandiswa polymerase cheni maitiro ari forensic tsika kusimbisa ubaba uye kuziva munhu ani. In forensic sainzi, uyewo paleontology, kazhinji nzira iyi ndiyo chete nzira, nokuti kazhinji kuwanikwa pakudzidza uwandu DNA zvikuru duku. Chokwadi, munhu chaizvo zvinowanzoshandiswa nzira inowanikwa zvisingadzimiki mune zvokurapa. Aida naye munzvimbo dzakadai genetics, zvinotapukira uye oncological zvirwere.