Pokugara - Chii ichocho? Housing uye zvaiita mabasa. Quality uye mutengo pokugara mabasa

представляет собой одну из ключевых экономических отраслей в стране. Housing System ndomumwe kiyi zvoupfumi sectors munyika. Rinotaura chikuru kugadzirwa uye michina kunzwisisa. Mabasa ayo uye chigadzirwa kudiwa anogara kumusoro. Funga mamwe mashoko zviri Hus. аббревиатуры также будет указана в статье. Achiongorora zvaive abbreviations zvicharehwawo dzakanyorwa munyaya.

tsananguro

включает в себя общественные, жилые сооружения, транспортные, эксплуатационные и иные объекты. Housing hurongwa zvinosanganisira paruzhinji, chokugara kuvakwa, zvokufambisa, nazvo, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Vose vanoumba kunzwisisa socio-upfumi kunzwisisa. Kubva matambudziko mabasa ayo kunoenderana mamiriro kwezvivako uye kwezvakatipoteredza zvakananga vagari kurarama. ? Pokugara - Chii ichocho? Izvi anonyanya kuzvidzora zvoupfumi bhora. Chinangwa chacho chinokosha kushumira zvinodiwa vagari nemasangano ari mabasa anopiwa hwaishandiswa inowanzotorwa nokushanda uye magariro.

matambudziko

– сфера, в которой решается множество актуальных вопросов. Housing uye Communal Services (HCS) - imwe nharaunda umo akagadzirisa nyaya dzakawanda kukamura uchishandisa. Vakawanda vavo vari yakawedzera pakatanga kuchitonhora. In chii mirayiridzo kushanda utilities? этой аббревиатуры говорит сама за себя. Achiongorora zvaive chidimbu ichi anotaura woga. Chinokosha nzvimbo kwemauto iyi urongwa zvinokosha pachena zvinhu uye sangano - magetsi, mvura, kupisa. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinhu zviri zvikuru kunzwisisa. The kupfuura chenjera dambudziko wokupa Mirai Koryak zvionera District, reMagadhani nharaunda., Kamchatka, Primorye. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo nayo akanunura 60 chete% of mafuta. Kuchembera mari - mumwe dambudziko nokukurumidza mune dzimba. физический износ инженерных коммуникаций знают в каждом регионе. Chii kudzikira panyama yose utilities zvinozivikanwa munharaunda dzose. matambudziko ose aya zvinoda pakarepo mhinduro.

Housing uye zvaiita mabasa muguta Moscow

Pasinei nokuti Capital Region runoonekwa kuti zvikuru nokubudirira munyika, uye pane zvimwe zvinetso kukurumidzirwa. Key nyaya chokuita nemari pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa. нехватка денег для отрасли? Chii kushaya mari indasitiri? Izvi kuchikonzerwa kushayikwa operative zvokushandisa, rokudzivirira zvipfeko vashandi yakaderera mubairo. Nokuti muduku remuneration hapana anoda kushanda. Nokudaro, indasitiri inogarwa vashandi kunyanya nyanzvi. Sezvo vakuru, zvachose dhefisiti pari rubles vanenge mamiriyoni 700. . Zvinoreva kuti vagari pamazita muchimiro rendi anogona kufukidza chete mutengo redzimba mabasa. Muchiitiko chino, mari iyi haibatanidzi kwerunyararo uye basa engineering yokukurukurirana network mari. Ndokusaka indasitiri ari kushanda chete zvashata muoti. Mari iri matanho haasisimo.

matambudziko zvemari pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa

задолженность для рассматриваемого сектора? Chii chikwereti kuna nemauto muna mubvunzo? It kunowanika asiri muripo ngetani, izvo varipo anenge sectors zvose. Sezvo zvikonzero kuti atungamirire nekutambura kunoita chikwereti, ndiwo:

1. Perennial pasi-MO yevagari kwevari muripo pavanoparidza fiscal insolvency. Zvakaguma asiri zvaidiwa mitemo maererano mari kuti kugadziridza uye kugadzira dzimba wemari uye mumuviri kwezvivako uye Regional tsika mu bhajeti Pfungwa.
2. Sequestering uye mari unrecovered dzinounzwa mukupera 90s. . Bazi Construction uye Housing uye Communal Services of Russian Federation.
3. Vanotogara kuwedzera asiri muripo chaiwo kudyiwa munguva mutengo kuchinja.
4. Very kunonoka kumhanya naro mano kuti metering nemvura kupisa, pent dhi masangano Executive uye masangano nheyo navo, chindingindingi basa rubatsiro.
5. Kusakwana mutero zvirongwa, hurongwa kuchinja mitengo huni uye simba zvinhu.
6. Yakakwirira pamwero nhoroondo receivable nokuda ukaparadza Masangano basa kuti vanogamuchira mari kubva bhajeti.
7. Kusavapo MO contractual uye zvoupfumi kusakarongeka basa masangano hwakavakirwa matunhu neminisiparati mirairo achitevedza 72 uye 71 zvatinoita mazuva ese zvive nyaya.

migumisiro

Zvitunha miganhu Zviremera havagoni mitoro yavo nguva dzose. Izvi zvakaita kuti kupararira administrative kumanikidza vatambi uye Contractors vari kutyora mitemo zvinoshanda. Sezvineiwo akaderedza kugadzirwa kuzvidzora uye kupa vagari tiine unhu misangano, pfungwa yakatarwa Zimbabwe tariffs. Kushomeka nemari anotsanangura kushaya kufarira paumbwe HOAs. Kutadza kundosangana bhajeti wazvipira, kushaya yakajeka uye vanobudirira nzira nokuda kwoUmambo uye kuchinja kwakaita tariffs, kukonzera asingakwezvi nzvimbo dzakavanzika makambani. Izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo imwe systemic dambudziko iri indasitiri rose uye vachiravana kumatunhu. Solution matambudziko runobvira nokushandisa chirongwa-chipfuro nzira.

Way kubva dambudziko

РФ. Basa guru pamusoro pokumuka zvirongwa kugadzirisa mapopoma ari Bazi Construction uye Housing uye Communal Services of Russian Federation. Danho rokutanga kunatsa murwiyo uye maumbirwo mari ukama mukati nemauto pamwe zvinodiwa pamisika upfumi. Zvinofanira akati kuti chikamu chacho rakatanga muna 1997. Saka, mukupera 90 wacho akatanga muitiro yokuchinjira kubva vakasununguka kana anenge akasununguka urongwa pokugara mabasa uye pokugara inobhadharwa vagari, maererano unhu. The chikuru zvinangwa chiitiko vari:

1. Urongwa yevagari Magariro, kuMudzidzisi unhu mitemo.
2. Kuderedza mutengo masangano basa uye, naizvozvovo, tariffs,. Panyaya iyi, kunaka mabasa anofanira kuva mukuru.
3. Kuenda mhiri indasitiri kuti yokugutsikana.

Conversion zvekutepfenyura

Kureva mirayiridzo zvokuvandudza pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa, hurumende yakatanga zvinotevera nzira kubudirira pazvinangwa izvi:

1. Kuvandudza nokutongwa zvivako kudzoreka uye kudzvinyirirwa.
2. Yezwi contractual ukama, kukura makwikwi, ichipa kuguma mutengi mukana ritibatsire unhu uye zvezvinotaurwa mabasa, pakatanga makwikwi kusarudzwa hurongwa basa rubatsiro.
3. Improvement pamusoro kukarukureta zvirongwa, pokugadzwa yepamusoro prices ari pamusoro-mureza kwedzimba, mubhadharo Kusiyanisa maererano nzvimbo yacho chinhu uye unhu redzimba.
4. Rutapudzo kunoteverwa caffeine pamusoro appropriations kubva bhajeti, kubviswa muchinjikwa map.
5. Kuvandudza ezvinhu evanhu kudzivirira vagari. Kunosanganisira streamlining pamusoro yaivapo makomborero, vakawedzera nomumwe muupenyu dzinounzwa mari.
6. Kurera tariffs, kuti mutengo anotsanangura zviratidzo, kunorondedzerwa kukwikwidzana kusarudza basa rubatsiro.

Social Protection

Zviri kudzivirira chikamu kwematunhu miviri uye Zvivako yeko:

1. Kuvandudza containment purogiramu yemhuri subsidy kuti mari shoma.
2. Kungonetseka zvisina Kushatiswa kunaka mabasa mukuenzaniswa avo inopiwa pasi chibvumirano basa.
3. Nhanganyaya kutarisira matunhu Zimbabwe tariffs.

tariffing

Housing ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinodhura zvoupfumi sectors. Pano wastefully kuparadzwa kupisa uye magetsi, mvura, uye zvimwe zvinhu. зачастую не в состоянии покрыть издержки установленными тарифами и нормами. Enterprise pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa kazhinji asingakwanisi kufukidza mari wakateya tariffs, uye mirayiro. Panyaya iyi, iyo Pricing Mutemo nemauto anoita somunhu pamutemo mashandiro pakati vaburitsi, vanoshandisa uye matunhu neminisiparati bhajeti. Ekupedzisira anopa mari nokuti munzvimbo dzakawanda zvinodhura pamusoro indasitiri. Somunhu Pricing mitemo framework anofanira kushumira zvakawanda zviyero zvainanga kukurudzira vaburitsi kuderedza marwadzo, uye vatengi, uyewo, - the ouchenjeri kushandiswa mari. Kubhadhara zvino maererano Zimbabwe tariffs. Standards vari dzaona ne mari uye yakatarwa varikumahombekombe. General mitemo nokuti Pakusarudza parameters ava pasi yemakambani zvinodiwa mugadziri. Tariffs, vari wakasiyiwa veko yaitonga. при этом не обеспечивает надлежащего контроля фактического потребления ресурсов и не может выставлять счета за сверхнормативное пользование. Housing muchiitiko ichi haripi zvakakwana kudzora chaiko kudyiwa zvinhu uye haagoni Bill kuti kunyanya kushandiswa. Vatengi, akavapindurawo, haagoni kuramba kubhadhara uye govera mavhoriyamu, izvo chaizvoizvo zvinofanira kuverengerwa mukati mutengo uye mari. The kuitika mubhadharo zano, saka, haabvumiri kufunga mari kuti chaizvoizvo vaitungamirirwa nomudzimu mugadziri, uwandu chaiwo zvinodyiwa uye chigadzirwa Nokurasikirwa panguva yayo hutachiwana uye mabiko.

mutero chengetedzo basa

Zvinobudirira kuongorora kwacho uye Pricing kurapa rinofanira kubva nhamba yacho aumba-pamwero mutengo vaburitsi bhuku kudyiwa imwe mokuwana. Huripo matambudziko anokonzerwa nokusakwana aripo pamutemo kuumbwa. Pakazoti Makwanza varipo panguva yeUnited, kwematunhu uye nemakanzuru chechetere. mutero chengetedzo zano akagadzirirwa nechokwadi Implementation kuti mari uye kugadzirwa Zvirongwa anotenderwa kuti nguva mberi. Mabasa ayo anosanganisira:

1. Kumutsa utility Makambani kutapudzwa mari apo mukuvandudza basa unhu.
2. Gadzira zvinhu kukwezva inivhesitimendi.
3. Kuti asimbise zvakakodzera uwandu mari.
4. Nekurangarira kuti pakasikwa kukwikwidzana mune dzimwe Sub-sectors utilities.
5. Achigadzira pezvakaitwa kuderedza politicization Pricing zvigadziriswe.

Kuronga maitiro kukarukureta uye chizvidavirire

должен искать компромисс между техническим заданием, потребностями в деньгах и платежеспособностью населения. The zvemari dhipatimendi pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa anotsvaga nekuyanana pakati zvekushandisa chirongwa, kudiwa mari uye solvency vemo. Sepokutangira kutsunga tariffs, mune nyasha nzira yekuronga, kukarukureta uye chizvidavirire prices. Rakagadzirirwa nechokwadi kubatana kupatsanura uye Zvinoumba mari, mutengo zvemari panguva emakambani vaiita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ari redzimba zvekutepfenyura. Sezvo pamutemo kuumbwa muchifarira Regulation yakatenderwa Hurumende Decision №522 kubva 05.08.1992, yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kwazviri, uyewo mamwe mabasa pamutemo. Nzira rakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nemasangano pakubhadhara akasiyana mabasa :. Operation pokugara zvivako, utsanana, mvura, magetsi, kudziyisa, utsanana kuchenesa remaguta, kugeza, hotel, mbatya basa, etc. Sezvo kuverenga pakati zvinhu ndiwo mabasa nechimwe basa mutsetse utilities.

urongwa

Zvarinomirira somumwe kiyi nzendo kutsunga zvemari mhosva mitengo. Kuronga zvekushandisa anodiwa dzinongoitika nevhu rakawandisa, uye vaya masangano anogona kugumisa basa kondirakiti pamusoro makwikwi hwaro. Mukupera nyaya, mutengo mutengo rwuripowo zvazvingava, unova kutanga panzvimbo chiitiko. Vakaronga mari nechimwe nyaya vari kuisa maererano:

1. Kuongororwa mari chaidzo uye dzavo emuchina vari kukasaitwa munguva.
2. Kushandiswa kwematunhu uye sectoral mirayiro pamusoro marudzi mari.

Zvinotevera mapoka zvinhu zvinofanira kufungwa panguva nokuronga:

1. Kuderedza kukura mutengo; kushandisa antizatratnogo mashandiro, zviyero kuti zvekuvaka kuchengetedza uye zvichingodaro.
2. Kuwedzera mari: mutengo indices, izvo kuona ukuru mitengo, kwezvinhu kushandiswa, kuvandudza basa unhu.

Vakaronga mutengo basa chikwata inofanira kuzivikanwa kupatsanura mari nokukosha Mari kutarisirwa Vhoriyamu mabasa ari mhando. Loss / purofiti kubva pakutengeswa kunotemwa sezvo musiyano zveminda panguva ano mitengo dzakakudzingai VAT uye mari maererano nemitemo (mirayiro).

mamwe mabasa

Kuti uvandudze kunyatsoshanda kuti sangano iri chokugara nemauto inopa kuti basa iri furati iri chakagadzirirwa yakakotsekana uye anotsigira zvakatipoteredza vagari, zvakakodzera kwerunyararo nevakariri pfuma, chisarudzo penhau chokuita kushandiswa kwayo, uyewo unhu basa utilities masangano. нахождения собственники должны выбрать один из способов управления: At kuwana varidzi kusarudza imwe yenzira kudzora:

1. Zvakananga varidzi nemafurati.
2. Nham, unyanzvi potrebkooperativom.
3. Management sangano.

The runoenzanirana Chisarudzo akatorwa pane imwe zvayo pamusangano.

mhedziso

Mumakore 90 akafukidza mune Russian nevanhu vanenge 4% Housing yokuzvigadzirisa mari. The vamwe zvekushandisa yakanga ndanyarara hangu nokuda budgetary mari. Mukuita yokuchinjira pamusika upfumi, zvakava pachena kuti akadaro mari kwava va neudhadha. Mundima iyi, kudiwa rikwanise zvekutepfenyura kuchinja. Maererano Presidential Mutemo № 425 akabvuma Concept tishandurwe. Maererano anotevera zvinangwa zvakagadziriswa:

1. Kuona mararamiro vagari vari kusangana zvinodiwa.
2. Kuderedza mutengo masangano basa. Izviwo, kwaiva kubatsira rutapudzo pamusoro tariffs, apo kuramba unhu mabasa.
3. Mitigating migumisiro nokuda vagari kutendeuka nematunhu kuti pakuverenga kubhadhara mu yezwi nemauto kwemasikati-kunyange oparesheni.

Sezvo tsika Rakaratidza muitiro zvokuvandudza pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa panguva miganhu pamwero zviri kunonoka. Pasi, pane zvishoma nezvishoma nokuwedzera Zimbabwe tariffs. Pakazosvika 2007, vanhu vachibhadhara akafukidza vanenge 80% of mari iri indasitiri. Pashure yezwi zvizere kwokuripirwa utility mabasa bhajeti wazvipira ndivo chete chikamu hama mari chokuita urongwa kubatsirwa uye map. Zvichakadai, kuitika mamiriro ari matunhu neminisiparati kwezvivako anoramba kusingagutsi. The Indasitiri akataura zvinotevera matambudziko:

1. High chikamu depreciation kubva pazvinhu yesangano (50-70%).
2. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakakwana ndiye commercialization.
3. The dzemari utilities Masangano nhasi regai zvinodiwa hwenyika.
4. Kuvapo mukuru nhoroondo receivable uye kunyorerwa.
5. Kushaya private inivhesitimendi.

Kukura pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa kwave kunonoka uye zvakaoma. Difficulties zvinokonzerwa zvikurukuru kurega nemauto, kuvapo kuzvipokanidza mari noukama vatambi. Nyanzvi dzinodavira chisarudzo kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera tariffs, nokuti vakawanda, saka kuti pamusoro nguva Vasvika padanho yakasimbiswa kuti pamutemo masangano. Zvisinei, chinofanira kuva mashandiro pachena kuti kudzivirira mhuri pamwe mari shoma. The vanachiremba cherechedza kuti kugadzwa kutanga kupedza yezwi 100 muzana kwokuripirwa anodawo mari kubudikidza vagari haaruramiswi. Nokuda soro mitengo, tinofanira kusimbisa munzanga kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, kufadza mugove pachavo mari vemunyika pamusoro yepa Magetsi nemvura zvinganaka kuderedza kubva 22 kusvika 18%. Zvese hurumende inofanira kuva zvakawanda chisarudzo zvinetso indasitiri, pane kuchinja kuti kuruzhinji, vanoita uye nepamusika.