Pharmacopoeia - chii ichi? Pharmacopoeia: tsananguro, nhoroondo, kugutsikana

Chii pharmacopoeia? Kana ukatanga kubva kure, ipapo zvirokwazvo mumwe murume kanenge kamwe rakauya kuna vanachiremba vanogona kurangarira zvinodhaka zvakawanda zvakadaro, ziva chipimo chemushonga kwavo, makemikari anoumba uye mashandiro nezvaaiita. In ichi vari akabatsira vakawanda emirayiridzo uye compendiums, rine zvakakodzera ruzivo. Asi vanyori, akavapindurawo, vari rakafuridzirwa pharmacopoeia. Saka chii ichocho?

tsananguro

Pharmacopeia - dzakaunganidzwa zvitupa, wakaiswa kunze mitemo unhu somushonga pakugadzira zvinhu, webetsero zvinhu, zvikapera mishonga zvinhu uye zvimwe zvinodhaka inoshandiswa mukurapa.

Kuti muve "goridhe mureza" zvinokwezva Nyanzvi mumunda wekemisitiri uye mishonga pachisara inoitwa randomly dzakawanda kaviri-bofu zvinodzorwa nemiedzo kuwana zvose zvinogoneka pamusoro somushonga yakatsvuka zvinhu uye mishonga kubva mairi. Implementation zvinodiwa zvose kunovimbisa unhu mishonga zvigadzirwa.

State Pharmacopoeia - a pharmacopoeia pamutemo ndichisunga iri pasi pehurumende kutarisirwa. The zvinodiwa uye vanorumbidza pakusimuka mairi, dzinoshanda nemasangano ose munyika, mubasa gadzira, kuchengetwa, kutengeswa uye kushandisa zvinodhaka. Nokuti kutyora mitemo kusimuka gwaro, zvemitemo kana dzinongoitika munhu kusangana mhosva kuita.

Nhoroondo dzakawanda pharmacopoeia

Pfungwa iri pokugadzwa nevakawanda mazita zvinodhaka chiratidzo dosages uye kwezvipimo Nomenclature yakabuda zvesayenzi zvokurapa mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, muna 1874. Musangano wokutanga panhau yakaitwa kweBrussels muna 1092. Pairi, nyanzvi vakasvika chibvumirano pane zvakafanana mazita zvinodhaka, uye chimiro mashoko avo Quick. Mumakore mana, chibvumirano ichi kwave chagamuchirwa nenyika maviri. Kubudirira Iri pokutangira pakuzadzisa ari pharmacopeia yayo bhuku. Papera makore maviri, yechipiri musangano muna kweBrussels, rakanga akapindwa vamiririri makumi mana nerimwe nyika zvenyika.

Kubvira hanya bhuku uye amboshandurirwa pharmacopoeia kwakaita kuti League of Nations. Panguva chibvumirano nheyo galenic kugadzirira uye mishonga 77 zvinodhaka zvaisanganisira ari compendium. Pashure mumwe gumi nemaviri, muna 1937, yakanga anosimbisa komiti nenyanzvi kubva kuBelgium, Denmark, France, Switzerland, USA, Netherlands uye UK avo familiarized zvose zvatinopiwa yose pharmacopoeia uye takasarudza waregerera dzomunyika tambo.

The Second World War yakapindira basa chomurayiro, asi muna 1947, nyanzvi akadzokera basa rake. Nokuti mashanu namapfumbamwe gore Komisheni yainzi Expert Committee iri Magadzirirwo kuti Pharmaceutical Kugadzirira. Rimwe WHO musangano, kwakasarudzwa kusika purogiramu International Nonproprietary Names kuti kubatanidzwa kuwanda mishonga.

rokutanga reShanduro

Pharmacopoeia - yemarudzi gwaro, iyo yakanga reprints mana kare, uye pashure mumwe nomumwe akatora pane chinhu chitsva.

The rokutanga reShanduro akabvumirwa panguva yechitatu World Panounganira WHO. Permanent Secretariat of International Pharmacopoeia hwakagadzwa. Bhuku rakabudiswa muna 1951, uye makore mana gare gare yakabudiswa wechipiri vhoriyamu pamwe kuwedzera mitauro mitatu zvakafanana yokuEurope: Chirungu, French uye Spanish. Pashure pfupi pakanga mabhuku Japanese German uye. The pharmacopoeia wokutanga - dzakaunganidzwa normative zvinyorwa vose anozivikanwa panguva kugadzirira. zvinoti:

• 344 nyaya zvinodhaka zvinhu;
• 183 Nyaya chipimo chemushonga nezvimiro (pamahwendefa, capsules, neiya inoiswa muzvinwiwa zvinodhaka, zvingaitwa mune ampoule);
• 84 rabhoritari nzira nechirwere.

Headlines vaiva Latin, sezvo zvakanga zvakafanana yose yokurapa nzira kureva vashandi. Kuunganidza zvinodiwa mashoko ari Biological nyanzvi Standardization dzaibatanidzwa, uyewo yakatetepa unyanzvi ari kupfuura endemic uye ngozi zvirwere.

Zvakazoitwa Shanduro International Pharmacopoeia

Chinyorwa chepiri akaonekwa 1967. Zvakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna unhu kutonga mishonga zvigadzirwa. Uyezve, zvakurukurwa pakadhindwa notupukanana vokutanga uye akawedzera 162 zvinodhaka.

Chechitatu reShanduro pharmacopoeia yave pfungwa dzichiri kusimukira. Zvakanga vakabvuma pamazita zvinhu, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa dzoutano uye panguva imwe chete vane vade mutengo. Magazini iyi yaiva mavhoriyamu mashanu uye yakabudiswa muna 1975. Recent kuchinja kuti gwaro vakasikwa 2008 chete. Izvi vakarondedzera Standardization mishonga, kurongedza kuti gadzira kwavo uye kuparadzira.

Zviri pharmacopoeia

Pharmacopeia - bhuku rinobatanidza kwete chete zvakawanda zvinodhaka, asi nhungamiro nokuda gadzira kwavo, okuchengetera nezvimwe zvinangwa. Bhuku rino rine rondedzero makemikari, mumuviri uye utachiona nzira nokuda kuongorora zvinodhaka. Uyezve, rine mashoko pamusoro reagents uye zviratidzo, zvinodhaka zvinhu uye gadziriro.

WHO Committee zvakabvumirwa ndandanda muchetura (List A) uye zvakaoma zvinodhaka (List B), uyewo tafura kuroorwa uye nezuva mishonga zvinodhaka kunonyanyisa.

European Pharmacopoeia

European Pharmacopoeia - a normative gwaro, iyo inoshandiswa munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope dziri kugadzirwa Nzira mishonga zvigadzirwa on ndima chete International Pharmacopoeia, ayo zvokuwedzera uye inotaurawo Kunyanya mushonga mudunhu. Bhuku rino kunokudziridzwa neEuropean Directorate nokuda Quality Remishonga ndiro chikamu Council of Europe. Pharmacopeia ane yakasiyana nemamwe pamutemo zvakafanana magwaro wakanga wapiwa kwaari Cabinet. Mutauro reEurope Pharmacopoeia - French. Last, wetanhatu, akanga ari apiwa kusunungurwa muna 2005.

national pharmacopoeia

Sezvo International Pharmacopoeia haana pamutemo simba uye ane zvakawanda ane recommendatory hunhu, dzimwe nyika mutemo National pharmacopoeia kuti munyika mutemo panyaya dzine chokuita nezvinodhaka. Panguva iyoyo, nyika dzakawanda dzine mabhuku nomumwe. MuRussia pharmacopoeia wokutanga yakabudiswa muna 1778 mu Latin. Russian Shanduro chete akabuda, achiva bhuku rekutanga iri mhando mumutauro renyika muna makore makumi maviri.

Muna 1866, kwapera hafu yezana remakore, akauya wokutanga mukuru Russian Pharmacopoeia yacho. 11 edition, wokupedzisira munguva kuvapo Soviet Union, akazviratidza mukutanga nineties remakore rapfuura. Kubudisa kumusoro, mukwanisi uye apiwa kusunungura gwaro pamberi Committee akapiwa kune pharmacopoeia, asi ikozvino muri mubasa Bazi Health, Roszdravnadzor uye pautano inishuwarenzi Fund pamwe nezvokupindira masayendisiti vaitungamirira munyika.

RF State Pharmacopeia 12 uye 13 shanduro

In zvokungoitawo apo hurumende pharmacopoeia pasi nadzurudzo, zvakaita mishonga nokudzorwa pharmacopoeia nyaya Enterprise (SAF) mukuru pharmacopoeia nyaya (CFC). Pazuva regumi namaviri reShanduro State Pharmacopoeia of RF yekudyidzana kuchinjwa chokwadi kuzvibatanidza nyanzvi Russian mubasa iri Commission of European Pharmacopoeia. Wegumi Edition ine zvikamu zvishanu, chimwe nechimwe kunosanganisira normalizing dzinokosha mitemo uye mirayiro kugadzirwa, kutengeswa kana basa medicaments. Bhuku iri rakabudiswa mumutauro wechiGeorgian muna 2009.

Makore matanhatu gare gare, wegumi nemiviri reThe yave rakapepetwa. Pakapera 2015 pamusoro pamutemo Website of Russian Federation Ministry of Health akazviratidza State Pharmacopoeia - rechi13 Ref. Yaiva yemagetsi shanduro sezvo nokubudiswa akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze nemari kubva sero. Naizvozvo, kwakasarudzwa panguva zvemitemo vanochiva ose chemishonga uye Wholesale kambani inofanira kuva mamiriro Pharmacopoeia (13th shanduro). Izvi zvakaita bhuku samookupitsya.

Ndeipi pharmacopoeial nyaya?

Kune mhando mbiri pamusoro pharmacopoeia nyaya: pamusoro fuma rakapedzwa chipimo chemushonga fomu. Mumwe nyaya "pamusoro fuma" ane zita mumitauro miviri: Russian uye chiLatin, international Generic makemikari zita. Rine ane empirical uye STRUCTURAL payakavakirwa, samolecular uremu uye chitsama chikuru nokuita fuma. Uyezve, pane tsananguro yakatodzama nechitarisiko zvinodhaka yepamusoro kudzora dzekuziva kuti solubility iri dzomumuviri, uye vamwe mumuviri uye nemakemikari zvivako. Conditions nokuti kavha, kugadzira, kuchengeta uye chokufambisa. Uyewo akanyora musi wacho.

Article nokuti rakapedzwa chipimo chemushonga chimiro, kuwedzera ose pamusoro, rine migumisiro kunotoda kurapwa uye rabhoritari nemiedzo, asi bvumidzwa papi zvarakasiya kurema, Vhoriyamu uye kukura zvinodhaka fuma, uyewo imwe-nguva uye kunonyanyisa dosages zuva vana uye vakuru.