Pensions muBelrusrus: kuwedzera, marudzi, ukuru

Muenzaniso wekurarama munyika imwe neimwe yakasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana. Kazhinji hurumende yezvematongerwe enyika inoonekwawo maererano nehuwandu hwepensheni. Ko pachava nekuwedzera kwepensions muBelarus? Ndeapi muzana inowedzera uye ichazotarisirwa rini?

Kuwedzera muzera rekurega basa

Zviri pachena, ndizvo chaizvo izvo zviri kuitika kurembera makore ekurasikirwa kwevarume nevakadzi. Ichaitika mumatanho akawanda, kamwe pagore. Nguva imwe neimwe nguva yekurega basa ichawedzera nemwedzi mitanhatu. Pasi pemitemo yakafanana, pachava nekuwedzera muzera rekuwana sarudzo dzakakosha dzebasa uye yebasa refu. Mukuwedzera, nguva yevashumiri inoda kubhadhara ichawedzera.

Mutungamiri weBelrusrus akaedza kusataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakadai, sezvo paive nemasarudzo, uye kukurukurirana kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera kusununguka kwevanhu, kuputsa kusarudzwa kwemasarudzo. Ko pachava nekuwedzera kwepenheni muBelarus kune avo vakatosiya? Pane chii chinoverenga vagari ava? Hurumende yeBelrusrus inofunga sei nyaya iyi, kunyanya, purezidhendi pachake, Alexander Lukashenko?

Zvichienderana nezviitiko zvakawanda

Kwete kare kare pane chiitiko kune avo vanogamuchira pensions. Kubva musi waDecember 1, 2016, pane kuwedzera kwepensheni muBelarus ne5%. Asi vaBelarus havana kukonzera mufaro upi zvake. Sezvo, mumaonero avo, kuwedzera uku kwave kwakava mari, uye mitengo yakangobva kuwedzera zvikuru. Sezvo mutungamiri webazi rezve pensions uye zvikomborero Ilona Remneva anotsanangura, mari yebhadharo yakanga yakasiyana kune vagari vemunyika imwe neimwe. Chinhu ichi ndechekuti pane maverengerwo emiganhu kana kuverenga pensions: ndeupi rudzi rwekubhadhara kunoitwa mugari (kubata, kuremara kana hutano), chii chaive urefu hwebasa uye nehuwandu hwemaripo isati yasara. Izvozvi zvose zvaive zvakaratidzwa pane penheji muBelarus. Kuwedzera, hongu, kwakanga kusingakoshi, saka vashandi vepepanhau vakanga vari mukunetseka manzwiro pamberi peMutsva Idzva, vachitsanangura ichi neicho chokuti mari iyi yakawedzera kwavari yakanga isinganyanyi kukosha, sekunge pasina chinhu.

Purogiramu yekuwedzera pensions

Sezvimwe mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, pensions muBelrusrus inobhadharwa kubva muhurumende yehurumende, uye mari inogamuchirwa ikoko pamutengo wevashandi vekushanda uye kubviswa kwavo. Kuwedzera kwepensions muBelrusrus munaJanuary 2017 kwaizoita kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa mune mamiriro ezvinhu evahedheni, kunyanya sezvo kuwedzera kwakanaka kwehuwandu hwepasi hwakarongwa. Izvi zvakadzokororwa zvakare neMutungamiri Alexander Lukashenko.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika, munaJanuary, nguva yekusunungurwa chete uye zvishoma zvishoma zvebasa zvakasimbiswa. Mamiriro ezvinhu munyika iyi haasi akakwana: gore roga roga vaBelarusian vakawanda vanopedza basa, uye huwandu hwevanhu vanoita basa huri kuwanda uye hudiki. Panyaya iyi, pane kushaikwa kwemari yebhajami yemari yekubhadharwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzepensheni. Nokuda kwechikonzero chakafanana, pane kuwedzera kwezera rekurega basa. Asi rakarongwa kuwedzera iyo kusvikira munaJanuary 2022, saka izvi hazvisi kuzoitika.

Pensions yezvikamu zvakasiyana zvevanhu

Kune marudzi akawanda emapensheni muBelarus. Kuwedzerwa uye kuwedzera kwavo pamwe chete kunobva pane zvimwe zvinhu. Mari yehupfumi inoshandiswa kune vagari venyika, avo kwenguva yakati vakabvisa mubhadharo wemishonga unobvumirwa kune chikwereti chakafanana. Kana hurumende isati yashanda yakareba yakadaro yebasa, uye iye asina kodzero yekuwana mari yehupfumi, anobhadhara mari yehupfumi mushure mokunge asvika kune imwe nguva, iyo yakaenzana nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwekugara muBelarus. Vagari vanogamuchira ruzivo rwekuremara mari kana kuti muparidzi wepenjeni haashandi kwavari. Kuverenga kwavo kwekugara kwevanhu kunowanikwa nedzimwe nzira. Kuwedzera kwepenheni muBelrusrus kune vanhu vakaremara uye avo avo vakarasikirwa nechingwa-vanowona vari kuitikawo nguva dzose. Asi izvi zvinowedzerwa zvinotarirwa kubva pamwero wekukwira kwemitengo yezvokudya, zvimwe zvinhu nezvimwe zvebasa. Nokudaro, hurumende yeBelarus iri kuedza kuchengetedza mararamiro akakwana ehupenyu kune vagari vayo.

Nhamba yehuwandu hwevanhu

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chete vanhu vane uhu hweBerussirus kana kuti vanogara imomo zvachose vakakodzera kuwana mari yekubhadhara mari. Kuwedzerwa kwekupedzisira kwepenheni muBelrusrus hakukwanise kubhadhara mari yevanhu vanoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana nezvinhu.

Mamiriro ehuwandu hwevanhu ehuwandu ndehuwandu: nhamba yevechidiki nehuwandu hwekuberekwa inoramba ichienzanisa nechepamusi imwechete, uye nhamba yevanhu vezera rekurega basa iri kukura gore negore. Nokuda kwehupfumi hwenyika iyi haisi iyo inofanirwa kutarisirwa. Kana uchitaura nehuwandu hwema digital, ipapo kune 100 pensioners kune vanhu vanosvika 66 vanobata. Saizvozvowo, humwe humwe humiriri hwevahedheni huchawedzera. Uye munguva pfupi yapfuura, vakawanda vanogara muchengeti vehurumende vari kushanda uye kuwana penhesi, iyo inobata zvikuru mari mari yeBelarus.

Masheni penheni

Kuwedzera kwemari yebasa muBelrusrus, iyo inosanganisirawo mauto, kazhinji inowanikwa kanowana gore. Iko kuverenga kwezvipo zvekuita zvechiuto zvakabva kune imwechete yezvidzidzo sevanhu vemazuva ano: kukwegura, hutungamiri, kurasikirwa kwezvokudya kana kuremara. Kana mauto ega aiva munhu akagwinya uye akachengetedza mhuri, saka kana akafa, muparidzi wepensheni inobhadharwa kune vanovimba.

Kana mushandi akapiwa hurema kana achishanda muuto kana mumwedzi mitatu mushure mekusiya, ane kodzero yekuwana mubhadharo. Kana kuremara kwakagamuchirwa mushure memwedzi mitatu, asi yakabatana zvakananga nebasa rechiuto, saka munyaya iyi pachava nemari yekubhadhara mari. Izvo chete nokuda kweizvi zvichave zvakakosha kuratidza hukama, kupa mvumo yekurapa komiti.

Iko kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwepensheni muna 2017

Ko pachava nekuwedzera kwepenjeni yebasa muBelarus muna 2017 here? Zvechokwadi, vaBelarusian vanofarira munyaya iyi. Zvose zvinoenderana nemamiriro ehupfumi muhurumende, uye kuwedzera kuchazoitika. Izvo chete hazvizivikanwi, zvikawanda zvezana zvinowedzera kubhadhara mari. Kana iri mukutanga kwekuwedzera kwaive 2-5%, saka zvichida, kuwedzerwa kwekupedzisira hakuzove kwakasiyana zvikuru nezviratidzo izvi. Nenzira, idzi nheyo hazvienderani nehutengo hwezvino. Zvisinei, hurumende yeBelarus inokurudzira vagari venyika kuti pensions ichabhadharwa pasina kunonoka, uye zvese zvehutano hwemagariro zvinogara. Kuwedzera kwepenheni muBelarus kunogona kuwanikwa nekubhadhara kumwe chete, nekuda kweizvi, mari inoshandiswa, asi izvi zvinongokupa chikonzero chenguva pfupi. Mifananidzo yose haichiri kuchinja. Nokudaro, muna 2017, kunyanya kukuru kunobhadharwa kuhupfumi hwemari.

Pension yekushanda mubhadharo

Gore roga roga, nhamba yevashandi vepenjeni iri kuwedzera, iyo inongoda chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekurarama kwemazuva ose. Kana tikataura pamusoro pokusimudza penheji muBelrusrus nokuda kwevashandi vakapedza basa, ichaita. Asi kunyorwa kwezvikwereti izvi hazvipi.

Kuwedzera kwepensions yekushanda mari yevashandi vanogadzirirwa musi waAugust 1, 2017. Kana, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, kurega kurega kubvisa basa, iye achangoda kuisa zvinyorwa nevane simba, uye mugove wake uchawedzerwa uchifunga zvose zvisiri izvo. Zvisinei, kana, mushure mekunge imwe nguva yenguva, muchengeti wepenestra anowanazve basa, kuongororwa kwepenjeni yake kuchaguma, asi mari yekubhadhara haigone kuderedzwa, asi inoramba iri panzvimbo imwe chete. Purogiramu kumashandiro evapfumi achawedzera gore negore kubva panaAugust 1.

Nzvimbo dzebasa

Purogiramu muBelrusrus, kukwidziridza mazinga uye kurongedza zvinhu zvose zvakakosha nyaya kune vagari venyika ino. Zvisinei, kupi kunogona kubatira vashandi? Ndekupi kwandinovawana, vanowana kupi mabasa? Zvinotarisa kuti mabasa akadaro aripo, uye ndeavo pakati pezvakanakisisa. Muna 2014, kuongororwa kwevanhu veBelarusian kwakaitwa, shure kwekuti nhamba idzi dzakanyorwa.

Iyi nhamba inoratidza kuti inenge yega yega yega yega pensioner inoshanda mumunda wezvedzidzo, inoteverwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu vanoshandira mundima yemunharaunda nemagariro evanhu, uyewo mune zvehutano. Zvadaro zvinotevera hurumende nemabhizimisi, uye inopedzisa urongwa hwemabasa emari. Kuwedzera kuduku kwepenheni muBelrusrus ndiko kuguma kwekuti vaparidzi vashandi havasi kushanda chete mumakambani akanyorwa.

Mukuenzanisa nedzimwe nyika

Pane imwe imwe nyaya iyo inofunganya kwete vaBelarus chete. Uye zvakadini kana tikatarisa nyika yepensions muBelarus? Kuwedzera kwezvikwereti izvi hakusi pedyo nekanaka. Nhamba iyi inotevera haina kupiwa nenzira chaiyo, asi iri pedyo nekuenzanirana nemhando chaiyo. MuGreece, muvhareji yepensheni maererano nedhenda ra2015 yaiva ye 32,500 rubles, muUkraine - 3 000 (nemhaka yekuoma kwemamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende munyika), muGermany - 79 300, muU.SA - 68,000, muKazakhstan - 14 200, muBulgaria - 8 000, muLithuania - 19 000, muEstonia - 14 500, muFinland - 112 000, muRussia - 11 800, uye muBelarus - 10 000 rubles. Iyi inongova chidimbu chepensheni inobatsira munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, asi hazvisi zvakaoma kunzwisisa kubva kune iyo kuti mitero iyi inofanirwa nehuwandu hwemari mune imwe nyika.

Nekubatsirwa kwehupfumi hwemari

Zvinonyatsobvira kufungidzira kuti uwandu hwekubhadhara mari yeramangwana huchaenderana nehuwandu hwemari uye urefu hwebasa, uye kuwedzera kwepenheni muBelrusrus kunotarisana nemamiriro ehupfumi enyika. Vazhinji vepeni penzira, hongu, havafari nemari yavanowana nhasi, asi zvakaoma zvikuru kugadzirisa izvi. Hurumende inorondedzera kuti chiyero chemari inowedzera chinowanikwa sei, asi vanhu vari kutaura zvakasiyana.

Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kwete muBelarus chete, iri mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Inoramba ichionekwa kuti kupera kwepenheni, iyo inotanga muna 2017, ichachinja zvakanyanya nzvimbo yevakwegura. Kuwedzerwa penheji muBelarus haina kufarira ivo chete, asiwo kune vechidiki vari kurongawo ramangwana ravo. Vanotenda kuti kana nguva yavo yasvika pakubata basa, hurumende ichakwanisa kuvapa nezera rakanaka.