Paul Feyerabend: Basic Ideas

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri vakauya vanhu vazhinji mwoyo: devalued upenyu hwevanhu akarasika nyaya nevatambi rusununguko, kuenzana uye ukama icho saka varwa pamberi. Pfungwa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa kuzonzi ruvara itsva, uye kunyange zvibozwa. All chii vanhu vakanga nechokwadi aiva hama. Kunyange zvakadaro yakatsiga zvachose yokuti 'zivo', pasi kushoropodza uye mubvunzo. Kubvira ipapo, sezvo uzivi vakava vachishingaira kupindira mune zvesayenzi, muupenyu masayendisiti vakauya dzokutambudzika. Methodological Anarchism Paul Feyerabend akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha iri. maonero ake kwouzivi vachakuudza nyaya yedu.

Provocateur vezvesayenzi

Paul Karl Feyerabend munyika chinyakare nyika uzivi aiva chaiye dhiyabhorosi zimukadzimu. Kwete chete kuti, akabvunza zvose panhu dzemunharaunda uye mitemo ruzivo yesayenzi. Iye akazunungusa simba sayenzi zvakasimba zvavo. Asati chitarisiko chake chaiva munhare sayenzi kwakakwana ruzivo. Kanenge ichi rinoshanda kune Zvakawanikwa hwakatozadzika nekusimba. Ungaita sei kusava nechokwadi empirical uchapupu? Feyerabend yaratidza kuti zviri zvechokwadi. Haana kurega uye chaidzo kunokukura. Ndaifarira pazviitiko kuti sikuruu akataurwa Marx kana Mao Zedong, kureva kubudirira kwakaita nevashamani muLatin America uye kubudirira mashiripiti avo kukoshesa nharo kudiwa kwete zvakaitika nemasimba vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga. Vazivi Vakawanda iyoyo vaimuona nyore sezvo munhu anonetsa kana chigure. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzidziso dzake vaiva pakati kunakidza nebudiriro pfungwa dzevanhu muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Amai-mhirizhonga

Mumwe mabasa yakakurumbira, akanyora kuti Paul Feyerabend, ndiro bhuku "Against methodological zvokumanikidzwa." Mairi, iye anoti zvinogutsa kuti vakawanda zvinowanikwa nesayenzi hazvina kuitika kushandisa kwakajairika pfungwa, asi chaiyo nokuda kuramba kwavo. Muzivi sainzi inonzi zvionerei ziso akachena haina zvikanganiswe mitemo yekare. Tinowanzofunga sokuti chokwadi kuti vanoshamwaridzana. In tsika zvinoitika kuti chokwadi tiri zvekungofungira akasiyana chaizvo. Naizvozvo, Paul Feyerabend vakazivisa nheyo "zvose zvinogoneka." Ongorora, uye regai kuvimba - kuti ndiro shoko chikuru uzivi ake. Pakutanga, hapana zvinoshamisa izvi. Asi muzivi vakasarudza kunyange kuedza avo dzidziso idzo refu kuva mbiru mumunda mavo. Chii chakaita pakarepo unopinza maitiro ake ezvinhu, nyanzvi dzenhoroondo nyika. Iye kunyange akatsoropodza musimboti mafungiro uye kutsvaka chokwadi, kwemazana emakore izvo mukatevera vaongorori.

An nzira nzira nemafungiro

Ko kudzoka Paul Feyerabend? Against nzira vafunga kubva raivapo zvakawanika uye kuratidza chokwadi rinokurudzira kushandiswa kuchipesana pakutanga kuaona penga pfungwa. kusapindirana ichi runogonesa ndangariro yesayenzi. Somugumisiro, masayendisiti uchakwanisa kuongorora nomumwe wavo. Muzivi anoudza uyewo haana squeamish kukumbira refu-kukanganwa pfungwa, sokunge pakutevera zvavanoisa kuti zvose zviri zvitsva - zvakanaka kukanganwika akwegura. Feyerabend anotsanangura izvozvo chaizvo nyore: hapana dzidziso haagoni kuva zvizere yakachengeteka pamusoro mukana kuti kuramba naye chero mashoko. Nokufamba kwenguva, pane chokwadi kuti achaisa mubvunzo. Uyezve, munhu haafaniri vanoti evasingatombonamati munhu chinhu, nokuti masayendisiti vanosarudzwa chokwadi kare maererano zvatinoda, kubva chido kuratidza nyaya yavo.

Paul Feyerabend: Philosophy Sayenzi

Chimwe chinokosha chinodiwa muzivi nezivo masayendisiti kuvapo vazhinji kukwikwidza dzidziso, ndiko kuwanda. Kuwadzana mumwe, vachava ichi- hwakavandudzika. Nengano kutonga kwomunhu dzidziso nayo nengozi zakostenet uye kurichinja kuva mhando ngano. Feyerabend aiva kuchitsigira anokumhan'arira nezvazvo kuti kukura nesayenzi, kana itsva dzidziso nenzira inonzwisisika kubva kare. Aidavira kuti nekusiyana, mumwe zvinotevera pfungwa anobva audza rapfuura chete, ndiye achishingaira zvinopokana. Panguva iyoyowo, akaona simba pakati kukura pfungwa dzevanhu uye ramangwana revanhu.

connoisseurs tsvimbo

Vamwe mashoko Feyerabend anogona kutorwa sechinhu nokumunyima pamusoro kwemashoko nesayenzi zvavo. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi. Akangoti anotiudza kuti hatifaniri mirawo kuvimba kusakundika nesayenzi. Somuenzaniso, kusiyana Popper wake panguva iyo inopa masayendisiti asingatsigiri dzavo pfungwa, Paul Feyerabend vakasimbirira kudiwa kuitira pfungwa yavo tsanangudzo dzakawanda. Hazvina chinodiwa dzakavakwa pamusoro zvakasiyana zvigadziko. Chete nenzira iyi, muna zvaanofunga, zvinokwanisika kuti tidzivise bofu akarurama. Hazvina zvishoma yakaita bhora "Chii? Where? Apo? ", Nyanzvi dziri kushanda In iyo, chete kana zvimwe mhinduro tsvagai experimentally kusarudza zvakanakisisa.

Mibvunzo Unanswered

Rimwe remabhuku nharo zvikuru kuti akanyora Paul Feyerabend - "Against Method". Pfungwa yacho zvisikwa akapa shamwari yake muzivi Imre Lakatos. Zvinoreva basa iri chokwadi kuti pfungwa ose zvaitwa nemutoo uyu mubhuku Feyerabend, Lakatos anofumura wakakura zvikuru kutsoropodza nokusika ake - Kuramba. Magadzirirwo sezvo rudzi rezvedzidzo duel aingova mumweya muvambi methodological anarchism. Chakatadzisa Implementation uyu pfungwa Lakatos afa muna 1974. Asi Feyerabend achiri yakabudisa bhuku rakabudiswa, kunyange vagumirwe nehafu. Gare gare, muzivi akanyora kuti kurwisa Rationalist nzvimbo iri chigadzirwa ichi akafanana Imre kudana nokuda kwavo.

Paul Feyerabend. "Science mu nenzanga yakasununguka"

Zvichida ichi ndicho basa muzivi akaita rakatokura wokupomera pane "Against Method". Rinooneka sezvo Feyerabend pachena antistsientist. Iye hwaparadza kuti smithereens zvose, kuti zvizvarwa zvizhinji masayendisiti anodavira muna Mutsvene Grail. Kuwedzera zvose okutanga bhuku rino, caller muzivi anobvuma kuti zvose zvaakanga agadza. "Kuti kugara chinhu zvakakodzera," - anoti nechivimbo. Pano Feyerabend uye akasika munhu wose dzidzisowo zvimwe kuvhundutsa vateereri. Uye nokudaro kukonzera mubereko wayo simba, izvo vasakanganise kutengesa bhuku. Shoma masayendisiti chakakomba kutaura nomwoyo wose kuti zvose kutsvakurudza kwake kure Hadzisi. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji chaizvo chii chaizvoizvo. Ukuwo, zvichida mumwe kudenhwa?

Buffoon kana kurudyi vane?

Zvaaida kuzadzisa dzidziso dzake Paul Feyerabend? Kutungamirirwa pfungwa kwouzivi muzana remakore rechi20 zviri nyore chaizvo kutsanangura imwe chete izwi. The siyana "isms" maruva kwete chete uri asiwo zvesayenzi, uyewo nzira zvinotyisa mashoko uye Positioning kwacho nyika yazova rimwe inonyatsobudirira. Zvichikonzera chigumbu uye hasha vanhu yake inonyadzisa hypotheses, Feyerabend aida kutsamwisa zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba yavo. Usingabvumirani? Ndinofunga yangu nzira kwakaipa? Pwisa ini! Uyai uchapupu hwako! Aifunga kuti kukurudzira vanhu akasavimba tinongoita refu-anozivikanwa chokwadi, uye kuwana mhinduro pachavo. Zvichida kana bhuku "Science ari Free Society" yakabudiswa ayo pakutanga pamuviri shanduro, mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu Feyerabend kuti kunyangarika voga.

Ndaiva Paul Feyerabend antistsientistom kana kuumba idzva yokuti ruzivo? Kuverenga basa rake, zvakaoma kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Pasinei nokuti akagadzira pfungwa dzake zvakajeka chaizvo, kunyange zvinoshamisa, pane pfungwa yokuti zvose izvi - a conglomeration ose tsamwisa mashoko. Zvichida, chikuru pahwaro nomuzivi kwake panotaurwa kusakundika sayenzi uye kudiwa kuwana dzimwe nzira achiziva nyika. Chero zvazvingava, tinyatsoziva basa iri dzinonakidza unhu chete zviripo.