"Pascal" - mutauro ... "Pascal" nokuti beginners: Description

Mune Kuwanda kwakaita World Wide Web, unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvirongwa mumutauro "Pascal", asi zvikuru zvakaoma kufunga kuti vanoshanda, uye vari akaronga pamusoro pei. Ngationgororei zvinokosha mapurogiramu pamwechete!

Algorithmic mutauro: dzinokosha pfungwa

In kwezuva nezuva mashoko tinoshandisa dzinokosha dzakabatana: vatambi, mashoko, zvikamu zvemashoko uye rose mitsara. mutauro Algorithmic anewo zvakafanana chimiro, asi yenhengo dzayo vanonzi zvakasiyana. Tiri kutaura dzinokosha zvivako, mashoko uye mashoko. zvidzidzo zvose izvi vanoumba hierarchical chimiro, sezvo mumwe anotevedzana maatomu akafanana achiumbwa kubva apa.

Zviratidzo mutauro algorithmic - iri indivisible maatomu akashandiswa pakunyora bumbiro remitemo.

Basic design - ndivo shoma dzakabatana kuti vane zvavo zvaanoreva.

Classic mutauro mashoko vari aumba kubva pamusoro maviri inokwana zviyero uye kuisa mitemo kuwana zvinodiwa ukoshi.

Mutekenyi ndiye anokonzera rondedzero chaiyo kuchinja izvo zvakafanira kuti kwakarurama kuurayiwa purogiramu. Pangava akawanda, kana zvichidikanwa - Chirongwa anofanira kuita yakaoma oparesheni. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ivo ikashandiswa mune imwe chinogumbura kana akakura mashoko.

Language "Pascal"

Kune vakawanda zvirongwa mitauro. "Pascal" (nokuti beginners pane zvimwe zvakanakira) ndomumwe wavo. arufabheti Its rinoumbwa nhamba, tsamba uye anokosha vatambi. Heino mazita kwavari:

• 26 Latin uppercase uye lowercase tsamba ;
• anosimbisa unhu;
• digits gumi;
• limiters;
• mashandiro zviratidzo;
• specifiers;
• yavakachengeterwa nokuda hurongwa (basa) shoko.

Kunze pamusoro okunze, ndeye kutaridza inokosha "varara" risingagoni kushandiswa mukati marongerwo uye kuratidzwa yakachengeterwa kaviri zviratidzo.

Elementary mutauro constructs

"Pascal" nokuti beginners zvinosanganisira tambo, nhamba uye mazita.

The nhamba dzakashandiswa bumbiro pasi review, mutauro zvirongwa kakawanda kunyorwa grade mugadziriro. Vanogona kuva vaviri chaivo uye rose, izvo haana kumbotaura pamusoro grade pfungwa. Kana nhamba iri zvakanaka, chiratidzo chacho chinogona kusiyiwa.

"Pascal" - ane algorithmic zvirongwa mutauro umo parukungiso vari kutevedzana kwezviitiko vatambi, akadzivira apostrophes. Kana uchida kushandisa imwe apositurofi pacharo, chiratidzo ichi zvinokosha nezvenyu kaviri.

Name - kutevedzana kuti chinotanga tsamba uye ingasanganisira zvayo sezvamunoita nemifananidzo. IDs dzinonzi Tags, mifananidzo, constants, mashandiro, nzira, variables, zvinhu, uye kunyange modules. Achigadzira identifiers ungashandisa chinosimbisa unhu. The zita inogona yakawanda chimiro, asi compiler kuchaita kuverenga chete wokutanga 63 vatambi. "Pascal", iro Kuziviswa izvo zvingaita sokuti yakaoma kudaro, kwete chaityisa saka, saka regai kumhanyira kuti kutya uye kuvhara Browser peji yacho!

Sezvo mutauro identifiers hazvibvumidzwe kubva kushandisa mureza mazita constants, nzira, mhando mafaira, mashandiro, uyewo maitiro mashoko.

Kuvandudza maonero ari bumbiro kuchabatsira pakakoromorwa, asi zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti varege kuudza mazita uye nhamba pakati.

Nemarongerwo algorithmic mutauro

mutsetse mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuguma aine semicolon mupurogiramu, rakanyorwa mumutauro tiri kufunga ( "Pascal"). Informatics anodzidzisa vadzidzi uye vadzidzi, uye uchakwanisa kunzwisisa mitemo iyi pachavo!

The semicolon (;) - munhu prearranged chiratidzo, iro rinotaura pamusoro kuguma kuitika mutsetse uye kudiwa kutamira itsva. Asi kunze mirayiro basa rinogona kuva: const, gat, kutanga uye nevamwe.

Mutekenyi anovhara chirongwa magumo, saka pashure pacho hazvo pashure pfungwa. Dzimwe nguva Bumbiro anogona ane pakapfava anoverengeka, ipapo mavambo uye kuguma chinogumbura vachaparadzaniswa pedyo semicolon.

Kuti basa yakananga kukosha shanduka pamberi kuenzana wemasaini zvakakodzera kuisa muura. Somuenzaniso, iwe kuenda kuisa = 13 N, uye bumbiro remitemo riri kuenda kutarira akafanana N: = 13.

Kana ukadzidza mitemo, unogona kukurumidza zvikuru kudzidza kunyora Software remitemo pasina nemarongerwo zvikanganiso.

Classical mutauro mashoko "Pascal"

Chiite yokudzokorora. ramangwana kushanda bumbiro nekuita nayo chero chinhu zvinogoneka pachishandiswa dzakasiyana. Asi mutauro "Pascal" rinoshandiswa ichi chinangwa siyana dzaishandisa. Vose zvavo, hatigoni funga, saka, tichatema kunzwisisa pamwe chete vashoma.

Somuenzaniso, kubudikidza kusarudza opareta anogona kusarudza imwe nzira nzira kumhanya chirongwa. Parameter hazvisi kutaura kutevedzana mhando. Asi pane caveat: ichi kusarudzwa kiyi inogona isiri tambo chaiye mhando kana.

Asi pane basa mashoko, zvimiso, chinoumbwa uye chinhu, uyewo mijenya nevamwe anobatsira upfumi. Zivo chete vamwe vavo unokubvumira kunyora bumbiro yakanaka functionality. Operators hazvifaniri kushungurudzwa, nokuti nhamba yavo guru anoita chirongwa zvakaoma debug compiler, dzinovhiringidza uye zvakaoma chaizvo kunzwisisa vatorwa.

The basa opareta

Mashoko aya ndiwo muura uye chiratidzo "vakaenzana". Rinoshandiswa kurongera chaicho shanduka imwe ukoshi. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mhando shanduka mashoko uye anofanira kuva zvakafanana mune chiitiko kuti havafaniri chokuita rose uye chaiko mhando, ukuwo. Chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kucharuramisa kutendeuka.

remubatanidzwa mashoko

"Pascal" - mutauro zvirongwa kuti anoshandisa kutevedzana kwezviitiko zvemasanga chirongwa mashoko akanyudzwa chaiyo mumabhuraketi. Zviri pamusoro chine chimiro, mashoko shoma kutanga uye magumo. Izvi zvinokosha chishandiso mutauro algorithmic nako zvinokwanisika kunyora bumbiro vachishandisa STRUCTURAL nzira.

Operators mutauro "Pascal", zvaisanganisira ari chikamu rinoumba mamiriro ingava yakasiyana, nekuti hapana nezvatisingagoni. Nesting udzamu kunogonawo zvakasiyana.

Zvimiso opareta zvirongwa mutauro

chikamu ichi chinopa kukwanisa wotarisa panguva yepurogiramu hwacho ezvinhu uye kuita chiito zvichienderana migumisiro ndima yayo. Saka, Zvimiso murayiro - mumwe achishandisa nokuumbwa mapazi mubishi kuita Masvomhu.

Zvayakaita, zvimiso mashoko ari sezvinotevera:

KANA teverei mumwe .

In aya munhu, zvino uye kana mashoko reserved, mamiriro ezvinhu - inonzwisisika mashoko pamwe zvemasanga kugutsikana, uye dzaishandisa - chero mirayiro vaishandisa mutauro zvirongwa.

Sechivako chirongwa remitemo

Header zvikamu dzaishandisa uye rondedzero - Ndivo kuurongwa ane chikumbiro zvakanyorwa mumutauro akadai "Pascal". Information zvemichina kunoita zvakazara kuongorora zvinhu izvi uye kudzidza kuzvishandisa zvakanaka.

Kazhinji The Header ine bumbiro zita. Somuenzaniso, Program MyFirst.

Section Rondedzero kungareva kunofambidzana mumaraibhurari, modules, zvisiri, constants, mifananidzo, variables, chitsauko rondedzero mashandiro uye maitirwe ezvinhu.

Section rine rondedzero pamusoro modules mukati mazita kwakabatana mumaraibhurari uye kunotanga reserved neshoko anoshandisa. Zvinofanira kuva wokutanga pakati dzimwe tsanangudzo. mazita Module vanofanira nguva dzose kuparadzaniswa ne nezvitura befu.

Chero Bumbiro opareta anogona kuisa chinezita kuti anotaurwa muchikamu kuMudzidzisi nezverondedzero.

tsananguro vakurumidze achibvumira constants mu bumbiro pazasi kunyoresa mazita avo pane Numeric kana alphanumeric tsika.

Mune rondedzero variables kushandiswa inofanira kusanganisira marudzi ose kuti dzichashandiswa: "gat c, a, R: integer; K, L, M: kwaIsakari; H1, H2: boolean;".

Usakanganwa kuti "Pascal" - mutauro zvirongwa kuti rinoda muite tsananguro rokutanga zvose zvinoumba muzvirongwa chirongwa.

Bumbiro chinyorwa anofanira kuguma vane dot.

mienzaniso zvirongwa

"Pascal" - uyu mutauro zvokutanga, uye iwe unogona mberi zvakananga bumbiro kunyora pashure pokudzidza ruzivo pamusoro apa.

Ngationei nechokwadi kuti chikumbiro akaunzira chidzitiro rokuti «Ndicho chirongwa yangu yokutanga!»

Mienzaniso zvirongwa pamusoro "Pascal" kunokosha chaizvo kunzwisisa, saka edza kuzviita iko zvino.

Tanga
Writeln (Ndicho chirongwa yangu yokutanga '!);
End.

Ndizvo nyore!

Tsvaka zvimwe kunzwisisa code, iyo unogona kuwana midzi munhu quadratic mukana wokuti vanhu vanga. Nyatsoteerera nheyo inotungamirwa computational mashoko.

Tinovimba muenzaniso mapurogiramu pamusoro "Pascal" vakanga richishanda kwauri.