A nzira yeEncoding mashoko kushandisa nhamba. binary yeEncoding

Mukuita okukura wevanhu yasvika kuziva kudikanwa kuchengetedza uye zvakaitika nechokure kana mamwe mashoko. Mukupera zvakafamba aifanira kuchinja kuita zviratidzo. Izvi zvinonzi date yeEncoding. Text ruzivo, Graphics uye nokudaro anogona kuchinjwa kuva nhamba. About sei unogona kuzviita, rinoudza nyaya yedu.

Kupfuudzwa kwemashoko pamusoro kure

Kuti ibudise mashoko kubva munyori kusvika addressee (kubva kupi kusvika mugamuchiri), zvikuru inowanzoshandiswa mhando nhatu hutachiwana enyika:

• rekutakura romukova;
• acoustic (semuenzaniso, Via mukurukuri);
• nokuda nzira foni (wire, redhiyo, Manyiminya, microwave ataure, Satellite, Manyiminya faibha).

Rakajairika panguva vari yokupedzisira mhando hutachiwana hurongwa. Zvisinei, avo kushandiswa zvinoda asati kushandisa rimwe kana rimwe nzira yeEncoding ruzivo. Pamwe nhamba dzose grade notation womunhu ano kuti zvakaoma.

encryption

Dzimwe nguva shoko uchida kuvanza kugutsikana kubva vatorwa. Muchiitiko chino, encryption inoshandiswa. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana yeEncoding mashoko achishandisa nhamba.

Binary nhamba hurongwa

At mambakwedza kombiyuta yaitonga, masayendisiti vaiva nehanya kutsvaka zano kuti aizobvumira akangouya kumirira nhamba kombiyuta. Nyaya kwakagadziriswa apo Claude Shannon zvinganaka kushandisa binary nhamba hurongwa. Yave ichizivikanwa kubvira muzana remakore rechi17 uye Chaingodiwa kwayo Implementation mudziyo maviri akatsiga inoti zvakafanana musoro "1" uye musoro "0". Vakanga panguva vaizivikanwa nezvizhinji - kubva chinoumba, izvo zvinogona kunge magnetized kana demagnetized, kuti transistor kuti anogona kunge rakazaruka kana kuti kuvharwa.

Zvakanakira binary vakaverengwa hurongwa unoshandawo kudekara Masvomhu kuti kunogona kuitwa nhamba hunomirirwa binary notation.

Se anomuchinja kuti "nguva dzose" mashoko ari muchimiro akakodzera kombiyuta kugadzira uye okuchengetera

Computer binary code chinozoiswa zvazviri nokuvapo kana kusavapo pulses panguva nemaziso okuchengetera zvinhu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

1. Photo-Manyiminya pulses. Pemvura chero Manyiminya Disc (DVD, CD, kana BluRay) rine zononoka aumba kubva zvikamu zviduku. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kana chiedza kana rima ruvara. Kana Disc Muruoko rwake anobata chirukiso iri nemotokari, ayo zononoka njanji chinotarisa Laser. kufungisisa ake weveta zuva muchitokisi. The yokupedzisira hazvisi mashoko receiver. Bright zononoka nzvimbo vanoratidza chiedza uye kuipawo kune zuva muchitokisi, nerima, nekusiyana, tibatsirwe chiedza. Somugumisiro, mashoko photocell anogamuchira mashoko encrypted munzira yacho Disc wakafanana kwasviba uye chiedza makwapa.

2. rinobva pulses. Uchibatsirwa wavo, encoded mashoko pamusoro rakaoma nemotokari, riri mukati kukurumidza kutenderera ndiro. Sezvandakakupai pamusoro Manyiminya Disc, pepasi - zononoka randinogara kutevedzana kwezviitiko muzvikamu duku uwandu anoverengeka miriyoni. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ari nhengo iyo inokwanisa kugamuchira mumwe maviri inoti: ". Non-magnetized" "magnetized" kana Zvinoumba binary bumbiro imwe mashoko. "Yokuzvifungidzira", mamiriro ezvinhu chesamende chinhu rinoitwa neboka musoro chaiyo iyo chinokambaira mundiro pemvura.

3. magetsi nomunhu. RAM ari chip rine mamiriyoni masero duku, "inounganidzwa" kubva roga capacitors uye transistors. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ingasanganisira wemagetsi mutariri kana kuva uncharged. Mubatanidzwa ndangariro masero vari mumwe maviri inobvira inoti, vanoumba binary remitemo. Mune zvose mamwe mano pamusana ndangariro machipisi, akadai nokupenya nemotokari, SSD-vatakuri, uye nezvimwewo., The ruzivo mumabhatiri saizvozvo.

chinyorwa Encoding

Sezvambotaurwa, mumwe mhando kutendeuka Data kuti hutachiwana uye kuchengetera iri encrypted. Rinoshandiswa kudzivirira kunze komutemo kuwana. Pakutanga, encryption pamwe zvakawanda chinyakare nzira dzakanga akashandisa Coding mashoko anotevera:

• Kuburikidza Polybius sikweya ndiro tafura riri iro rakanyorwa mu imwe murayiro wose Greek arufabheti. tsamba imwe neimwe shoko kuchatsiviwa peya nhamba yokumiririra uwandu yembiru uye mitsara.
• Kuburikidza Alberti dhisiki zvinosanganisira maviri concentric yeChina. Vakanga akuvadzwa tsamba uye nhamba. Vanoisa mumwe mumutsara nokuda kutenderera disks.

The nzira yemazuva ano yeEncoding chinyorwa mashoko ari kombiyuta pazvikanganiso zvakafanana dzemitemo. Nokuti ayo Implementation, mumwe nemumwe earufabheti unoenderana imwe integer. Zvino zvakafanira akashandurirwa binary romutemo. matomu masere kuti tikwanise encode 256 vatambi siyana. Dzavo zvakakwana kumiririra zvose tsamba Chirungu uye mitauro Russian, kusanganisira uppercase vanotaurwa svomhu uye nyora, uyewo dzimwe vatambi zvakafanana.

Pari hapana chikonzero ASCII hurongwa. Nokuti naye 2 wakaiswa codebook. Ava, nechigadziko rinotsanangura ukoshi kubva 0 kusvika 127, uye kwenguva nhamba anomiririrwa 128 kusvika 255.

Sei Coding kuti monochrome mifananidzo pakombiyuta

Chero mufananidzo-chena dema-uye papepa pasi pakukudza girazi anooneka somunhu akaita pfungwa vanonzi Raster. Linear rinoronga uye nokupenya nomumwe kungaratidzwa tichitaura integers. Izvi zvinoreva kuti binary remitemo inogona kushandiswa rastirovaniya mufananidzo. A zvakafanana Pari vaiona kumiririrwa monochrome mufananidzo sezvo ibatanidzo vakawanda pixels vane 256 gradations vachena. For kusanganiswa Coding nokupenya upi wavo inoda masere ikakuruma binary nhamba.

Kumiririrwa ruvara mifananidzo

A nzira yeEncoding mashoko uchishandisa nhamba dzakadaro mifananidzo chaitwa Apa zvimwe kuoma. Kuti izvi zvidaro, pre-zvaida, somugumisiro vaiitawo yavo chaizvo kukura vanogona kuwana chero Hue panoonekwa vanhu ziso mufananidzo manyowa mukati 3 mavara inokosha (girini, tsvuku uye zvitema). Nzira iyi Coding mifananidzo kushandisa nhamba uchishandisa 24 matomu anonzi RGB, kana ruvara zvizere (Color True).

Kana totaura kudhindwa, izvozvo anoshandisa CMYK hurongwa. Zvinonzi papfungwa yokuti nerimwe RGB zvikuru zvinoriumba anogona kuwadzana ruvara mukwanisi kuna chena. Vane cyan, magenta yellow. Kunyange zvazvo vari yakakwana, kuitira kuderedza kudhinda mari uye akawedzera chikamu chinoumba chechina - black. Saka, kumiririra Graphics muna CMYK ezvinhu kunoda 32 binary digits, akatumidza renguva ruvara muoti.

kumiririrwa Ruzha

On mubvunzo kana pane kuti nzira iyi yeEncoding mashoko kushandisa nhamba, mhinduro inofanira kuva hungu. Zvisinei, panguva dzakadaro havasi vaiona vakakwana. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• FM nzira. Zvinonzi inobva manyowa upi kunzwisisa kurira kuva kutevedzana kwezviitiko chepuraimari chinozunguzirwa anonongedzera kuti frequencies akasiyana izvo zvinogona yakarondedzerwa bumbiro.
• Table-wave nzira. The pre-akagadzirirwa matafura zvakachengetwa ivhu - mimwe nemitinhimira zvenziyo zvakasiyana. Numbers, ataure kuti mhando chishandiso uye womuenzaniso nhamba, namo, rakasimba, uye nguva inzwi, uye zvichingodaro.

Zvino munoziva kuti binary yeEncoding - chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana nzira yokukurukura mashoko, iyo vakaita guru basa kukura noruzivo rwemakombiyuta.