Park "Hermitage". "Hermitage" - munda. Moscow paka "Hermitage"

Garden "Hermitage" (ona pazasi mufananidzo) ndiyo shongwe ine nzvimbo unyanzvi. Zvinonzi rakamiswa mumoyo Moscow. Vagari guru vanoonga ichi chitsuwa zvakasvibirira hunhu, rakavakwa pakati ruzha uye migwagwa zvakasvibiswa nezvivanze. Pane kufamba vanaamai vechiduku vane strollers, vanoda kusangana uye kuti prom vakaroorana.

Vamakasarudza wako yezororo kuenda Park "Hermitage"? How kusvika nayo? Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti riri kure mumugwagwa Four-vhiri dzakatevedzana uye pevhu "Chekhov" uye "Pushkinskaya".

Nyaya

"Hermitage" Park aiva wokutanga varaidzo mapindu muMoscow. Chakazarurwa 1830 mumazuva ekare yaiva mumunda haisi panguva kuitika nzvimbo, uye Bozhedomka. Park "Hermitage" Ini akapa kuminamato vaenzi vavo kofi uye pergolas, pamisasa uye mitambo. Yepamusoro kukurumbira wake kubudirira mumakore iwayo apo vaiva pedyo rinozivikanwa entrepreneur Mikhail Lentovsky.

Kare aiva mutambi ari mały Theater. Munda hwakarongwa Skating pamusoro dziva iri zvikepe, mvura mafayawekisi, achimisa vamapoka zvechiuto uye zvimwe zviitiko varaidzo. The paka "Hermitage" yakazomira kwete chete vose vagere Moscow, asiwo vatorwa vachishanyira guru.

Pashure Lentovsky chakazokanganisa nzvimbo ino zvishoma nezvishoma apinda yakapararawo. Zvishoma Papera, munda nzvimbo yakavakwa dzimba.

Park "Hermitage" akamuka kuberekwa yaro yechipiri muna 1894 apo Moscow mushambadzi YV Shchukin atenga neimba, iri murairidzi nhamba. Pfuurei gore yakatanga yacho ikava vachiita mubindu. A nzvimbo yakanga isingagarwi akavhuniwa mibhedha, yakagadzirwa walkways uye kudyarwa pamwe nemiti uye nemiti. Bindu rakaonekwawo theatre chivakwa.

nemagariro zviitiko

The paka "Hermitage" 5/26/1896, paiva chiitiko chinokosha. On nhasi, izvozvo maiva paruzhinji chirongwa mabhaisikopu Lumiere hama. Makore maviri gare gare, yemitambo yakavhurwa mupaki, iyo vatungamiriri vaiva V. Nemirovich-Danchenko uye KS Stanislavsky. 26.10.1898 of kuratidzwa kufanorongwa navo pasi zita "Mambo Fyodor Ivanovich." Nenguva pavaipfuura Moscow Art Theater vakanga vairidza mitambo pachena akadai "Sekuru Vanya" uye "The Gaviota" AP Chekhov.

vakakurumbira zhinji vaiva yemitambo "Hermitage" paki. Pakati pavo, FI Chaliapin uye SV Rachmaninoff, Anna Pavlova uye Sara Bernar, Ernesto Rossi nevamwe.

"Hermitage" - mumunda umo Shchukin chivakwa zhizha dzakavakwa, Mirror Theatre. Mune remangwana vakaronga kuvaka chivako chitsva. Vakanga vava muchando yemitambo, nokuti kusvikira chiuru vaoni. Zvisinei, kuti Implementation zvirongwa kwakatadzisa Hondo Yenyika Wokutanga.

Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union

Mushure 1917 Revolution, "Hermitage" paki akanga nationalized. Zvishoma Papera, munguva yacho NEP, izvozvo wakapfuurira private Rental.

Muna 1924, imba, iri "Hermitage" paki akapiwa yemitambo yacho Moscow City Council of Trade Unions. Gare gare, akanga kunzi Moscow Soviet Theater.

yehondo

Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union Park "Hermitage" Aivawo chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira nzvimbo kwavaigona kutandara vagari guru racho. Mumatsutso 1941 zvakanga rakavharwa. Basa Park vakatangazve April gore rinouya. Muna 1943 pano akanga akatakurwa inoshandiswa pakutsigira zvesimba. Kuti aite izvi, kubvira kubvisa kuMoscow vakadzokera vemifananidzo. Theater nzvimbo haana neshungu. Zvisinei, kana vateereri kana vatambi kuti haagumiri.

ari yepashure pehondo

Muzhizha ra1945, vavakezve munda kwakaitwa "Hermitage". Muna 1948, kuti paki yakavakwa ine zhizha kubhendi horo. Pachikuva kwayo, mabasa ose Madz Shulzhenko, AI Raikin, Li Ruslanova. Pano unogona kuteerera mumhanzi RO Utesov.

Munguva mashanu uye sixties wekupedzisira Muscovites remakore kutamba wechesi, verenga, ingotora kufamba uye kuteerera zvesimba pamusoro kufarira vemifananidzo, akasvika kubindu "Hermitage". Cinema zhizha mhando yakavhurwa mupaki muna 1953. Pasina nguva akava nzvimbo akakurumbira pakati Muscovites. A vazhinji vakauya kuzoona mifananidzo rworudyi panze.

Pamusoro kukurumbira iyo vakanakidzwa paki-bindu "Hermitage", vanoti nhamba. Saka, muna 1957, izvi pakona zvakasvibirira muguta guru akashanyira vanhu mamiriyoni 1,5 ne. Park chiitiko aita R. Karcev uye VS Vysotsky, vatorwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo uye nziyo mapoka. Garden Mirror Theater "Hermitage" akazosarudzwa sezvo nzvimbo kupfura akatora nzvimbo yokutanga mutambo "Chii? Where? Apo? ". Muna 1980, yemitambo vakapfuura Miniature Theater, musoro yaiva AI Raikin.

Modern mubindu upenyu

Mugore 1980s - kuma1990, mupaka "Hermitage" vakapona nguva dongo. Sezvineiwo, akatotanga akapfuura. yemitambo "Novaya Opera" yakavhurwa 1991 vaenzi pamusoro paki. Pano kushanda yemitambo "Hermitage" uye "Sphere". Pakazosvika 850th gore Moscow paki chakagadziriswa. Restoration basa akabata nezvivakwa zhinji yezvaiitika kare.

Garden "Hermitage" zvino nzvimbo yakazonaka kuzorora. Masikati uchida kufamba vanaamai vechiduku vane vana vavo. Sezvo vakavakidzana mhuri dzimwe nguva akarwawo vechikoro. On inodziya mazuva chirimo zvakananga pamusoro mubindu nzira kana panze Danho chiito unprofessional vachitamba, kudzidza unyanzvi dzekare kutamba.

Sezvo manheru Park "Hermitage" anova vakatozodzokera zviitiko siyana. Muzhizha, ndiyo mharidzo uye kuratidzira, Concerts enyeredzi kubva kunze kwenyika, uyewo Jazz Festival International. In yechando, chinotenderera guru vachimhanya mupaki.

Pane mubindu bhawa uye Tea Culture Club, uyewo mumaresitorendi akawanda.

Theater "Novaya Opera"

Muzana remakore rechi21 Park "Hermitage" akamborara kuvhunduka kukuru. On Ndima yayo paiva moto. Somugumisiro, moto akaparadza chikamu zvivako enhoroondo, izvo akauchengetesa kirabhu "Diaghilev". Vamwe nokubudirira mberi mubindu, iye sezvo asati inoramba mumwe kufarira nzvimbo Muscovites. Pano unogona kufara kuti yakasununguka zvose nguva yangu. Chokutanga, ingotora kufamba, kunakidzwa ruva anoratidza kana kutamba nevasiri nyanzvi vachitamba pamusoro muzhizha rakavhurika mhepo, uye zvishoma kwapera zvekudya, vachishanyira resitorendi uye kuona chinoshamisa.

Kusvika panguva "Hermitage" bindu vari kushanda dzemitambo matatu. Mumwe wavo - "New Opera" - akazarura mune vakatendeutswa kamuri. Kare, ipapo yaiva yemitambo girazi. Muna 1997, nokuti "New Opera" chivakwa chitsva yakavakwa.

Yemitambo akava akakurumbira pakarepo pashure buri. Zviuru vaoni akaedza kumuita kuti kuteerera dzenhoroondo mabasa ari itsva yakawanda. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - "Eugene Onegin", "Ruslan uye Lyudmila", "La Traviata" uye vamwe. Productions, wokutanga unyanzvi Kumutungamiriri yemitambo Evgeniem Kolobovym, vachiri dzinotengeswa kunze.

Vanoziva uye kuda yemitambo kure guru Russian. Mumakore achangopfuura, akanga paakavapa zvimwe zvakakurumbira zvikuru mibayiro. In kwavo mazita dhipuroma "Star of Week", anosimbisa German pepanhau "Abendzeitung", Russian dhanzi mubayiro «Casta Diva» nevamwe. Mukuwedzera, yemitambo yakava nhengo «Opera Europa» European Opera munharaunda.

"Hermitage"

Ichi chimwe mubindu yekutambira. Yakavambwa Mikhail Levitin, hazvina chakavapo kwenguva inopfuura gumi. "Hermitage" kwakakosha yemitambo-goers kuti ake Danho kubudiswa Mitambo vakasikwa vakanyora 1920s.

Pakati pavo, Nikolay Oleynikov uye Yuri Olesha, Isaac Bhabheri Alexander Vvedensky.
Munguva ichangopfuura, padariro yemitambo anoratidza ichi zvesimba nevanyori Latin America.

"Sphere"

Ichi duku, asi panguva imwe chete kujairika uye kunakidza chaizvo mitambo "Hermitage" paka rakagadzirirwa vakawanda vateereri. Rakanga akasikwa 1981 Dzavose anofadza kubudirana pachena zvayo, nokuti vateereri mukamba kaduku, riri pakati sezvinhu kazhinji kuva vechikamu kupfuura mitambo.

kirabhu tii

Moscow paka "Hermitage" inopa vashanyi kujairika dandadzo. Mubindu iri rakasiyana tsvimbo, chinopa muunganidzwa yose vepamusoro Chinese tii mhando, uyewo nemasango midziyo for tea yemichato.

Inowanikwa Club ichi kunogona uye unyanzvi mabhuku. Visitors establishments kubvisa shangu dzavo uye nguvo, avete zvakananga pamusoro akapfava nemakapeti iri diki unodziya makamuri. Chete anotanga tii mhemberero, izvo zvinoitika pasi kutungamirirwa nenyanzvi, iyo kupa nzwisiso itsva munzvimbo dzose zvinobata.

Famba mubindu

Green pakona mumoyo Moscow - paki "Hermitage" - anogamuchira vashanyi ayo unodziya uye zvakanaka achidzidziswa mundima. Muzhizha yamatsime vari kushanda pano. Mhiri paka nemipopirari uye pemiouki, maples uye lindens. Pakati pemiti mudungwe wetsoka yakaiswa pamwe dzavo zvigaro. Zvinofadza ziso wakasimwa akamuka pamakwenzi lilacs uye honeysuckle.

Muna 2000, kwaiva zvivezwa maviri pamusoro enguva mupaka. Mumwe wavo akanga yezvipo guta muParis. bust iyi Viktora Gyugo. munyori wayo - L. Laurent Marqueste. The chivezwa chechipiri - chipo Hurumende Italy. Nhamba iyi Dante Alighieri. Author - R. Piras. Muna 2004, pashure pokudzorerwa yomunda yakavhenekerwa wokutanga yemagetsi zviedza muMoscow, iyo yaigadzirwa 1880 mufekitari St. Catherine.