Parameters uye samambure makirasi

Modern Internet network, kazhinji pahwaro 32-dzikaruma IP-kero kuti ine zvikamu zviviri - nomumbure ID nehondo. Yokusarudza chikamu kero iri hondo, uye inomiririra nomumbure, nzira mbiri kunge yakatanga. Zvino Internet basa rinobatsirwa vanoshandisa nzira Vasingasarurani Inter-Domain hwokutiparadza, yakavakirwa pamusoro subnet chifukidzo. Network makirasi ndivo vokutanga kuva nzira yechinyakare, iyo inobva neeSultan.

IP-kero upi chinhu, kana iri Server kana nguva kombiyuta, iyo achisonganira nomumbure zita. Anomuchinja zita kuti nomumbure kero chaiyo DNS basa, ari kutonga soumambo mazita. "Match" pamusoro pemambure zita Server zvichaita chete inyoreswe mubasa iri. Resources servers yakadaro rwoga riwanikwe nevoruzhinji, uye kushandisa kwavo kubudikidza Internet.

Wakabata pamwe IP-kero, teerera pemambure makirasi. Pamwe pane vashanu, uye mumwe nomumwe ane pachake zvachiri. Kirasi A rinoshandiswa kuti yakakura pose network. Mariri, uye Indaneti. The Range mukirasi iyi rinoenderera razero kusvika 127 uye ine 126 network. A imwe-Network ine zviumbu vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi. Chaizvoizvo zvakarukwa identifier inoremekedzwa chete nematomhu sere wokutanga, dzasara 24 nematomhu inoshandiswa hondo kero.

Networks Kirasi B chinosanganisira svikiro kadikidiki sefa kuti rwugare kero siyana kuti kukosha 191. Pano, kuti IP-kero rakakamurwa iwoyo 16-ikakuruma zvikamu. Chimwe chikamu anofukidza ari kuziviswa nhamba pomumbure, apo umwe anoregerwa hondo. Nemambure chinobatanidza 65.534 raiva pedyo nebundu. Kazhinji, rinoshandiswa mune kumayunivhesiti kana makambani makuru.

C makirasi anotsigira afoot diki. Anogara zvakawanda tsika anosvika 223. Under pomumbure nhamba ndivo 24 matomu vokutanga uye akasara 8-ikakuruma nzvimbo iripo kuti hondo. With nemambure chinogona kutakura 256 nodes, vaviri izvo zvakachengeterwa IP-tsamba. Ndinofanira kuwedzera kuti kero makirasi izvi zvitatu vanobatanidzwa mune hwokutiparadza uye kuvakwa Sub-network iri yose network. Ndokusaka vanonzi "chaiye" kana "chena".

Vamwe nemambure zvidzidzo regai kutamba kwakadaro basa rinokosha. D-network zviri kuwanda kusvika 239. Havangamwi dzika kuwana nodes uye rinoitwa achaita kutepfenyurwa multicast IP-mameseji. Kirasi E network uyewo dzisina nodes. Ravo dungwerungwe kunosvika kusvika 255, uye ndivo experimental.

In vose zvidzidzo pane namatombo kero kuti zvakachengeterwa private kushandiswa. Ivo yaizongoshandiswa toga omunharaunda network, saka Indaneti, kero izvi hazvisi akakunda uye vanonzi "kuchena" kana "voga." Kuti kubatana private Lan uye mbudo kuburikidza navo, World Wide Web rinoshandiswa Nat-router.

Sezvo-pamusoro apa rezvebonde makirasi vane vashoma IP-kero, kuvabata zvakanaka. The nzira yaiva nzira iyo nhamba bytes havasi uye subnet chifukidzo inoshandiswa. Zvisinei, hwakare haana kukanganwa. It chinorondedzerwa muna mabhuku akawanda uye neboka D uye E kero zvichiri kushandiswa toga.