Okugadzira zvinhu uye Biography pamusoro Moliere

Chimwe chezvinhu asinganzwisisiki uye eccentric hunhu ari XVII remakore muFrance - Zhan Batist Moliere. Biography ake inoumbwa zvakaoma uye panguva imwe hombe matanho ari basa uye basa.

mhuri

Akaberekwa Jean-Batistv 1622 mumhuri imwe revatongi, inova kuenderera ane mhando chaizvo rekare Bourgeois Draper. Kunyange zvazvo izvozvo basa kwainzi kuva zvinobatsira uye anoremekedzwa. Baba mutambo waiva chipangamazano honorary mambo uye muvambi chikoro unyanzvi vana roruvanze, vakazochinja akatanga kushanyira Moliere. In sangano iri, Jean-Baptiste pakudzidza Latin, izvo zvakamubatsira nyore kunzwisisa uye kudzidza zvose mabasa nomukurumbira vanyori Roman. Kuti Moliere kushandurirwa ake chizvarwa French mutauro nhetembo "On Akamboita Zvinhu," muzivi wokuRoma Lucretius. Zvinosuruvarisa kuchinjwa zvinyorwa haana zvakajairika, uye nokukurumidza anyangarika. Ungangove, yakapiswa mune moto Studio Molière.

Panguva behest wababa vake, Jean-Baptiste akagamuchira zvakakurumbira panguva iyoyo masayendisiti mwero Licentiate mutemo. upenyu Moliere aiva akaoma uye akapfuma.

makore okutanga

Muuduku Jean aiva dzinoshandisa simba uye mumiririri yakakurumbira ipapo Epicureanism (rimwe kufamba youzivi). Nokuda mubereko ichi, akaita anobatsira nevanhu vakawanda, chokwadi paiva chaizvo vapfumi uye nesimba vanhu pakati ipapo VaEpikuro.

Gweta mabasa haana kukosha Moliere, sezvakanga raanoziva yababa vake. Ndokusaka jaya akazvisarudzira chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo kuitika mubasa. Biography Moliere kamwe zvakare kunoratidza kwatiri chido chake kuvandudza uye chido kusvika miti nyika yose chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo art.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chepakutanga Moliere - chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo remadunhu- kuti Jean-Baptiste Poquelin akasarudza kupa zvizere zita milozvuchnosti. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma zita iri iye aisangozivikanwa chete chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mabasa, asi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Musangano pamwechete ipapo akakurumbira chaizvo French Vanoita mitambo yokusetsa Bejart akashandura upenyu Jean-Baptiste hwaJobho hwachinja, nekuti gare gare akava mukuru yemitambo. Panguva iyoyo akanga ava nemakore 21 chete okuberekwa. Mune troupe kwaisanganisira 10 ruzivo vatambi, uye basa raiva kuvandudza Moliere theatre mabhizimisi uye ariise kupfuura nyanzvi yakati. Zvinosuruvarisa, vamwe French dzemitambo vakasvika zvakawanda makwikwi, Jean-Baptiste, saka resitorendi yakavharwa. Mushure akundikana yokutanga muupenyu, Zhan Batist ane dzinodzungaira troupe vakatanga rwendo dzematunhu taundi riri netarisiro yokuwana Kuzivikanwa kunyange ipapo uye vawane mari pakuzadzisa uye kuvakwa yayo Kuvakira zvesimba.

Moliere akaita mudunhu kwemakore anenge 14 (musi chaiwo pamusoro chokwadi ichi hwake, zvinosuruvarisa haana kurarama). Nenzira, panguva imwe chete muFrance maiva hondo, vakawanda okutsutsumwa uye kupikiswa nevanhu, saka zvisingaperi troupe kufamba dzakapiwa kunyanya kuoma, mukuru Biography pakati Moliere rinoti kare panguva iyi youpenyu hwake akanga zvakakomba kuenda kutanga bhizimisi.

In Jean-Baptiste Province akanyora vazhinji pachake Mitambo ake uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo apa, sezvo troupe wacho repertoire rakanga hakunakidzi chaizvo uye uninteresting. Vashoma mabasa iyi achiripo. Nyora zvimwe Mitambo:

1. "Godo Barbula". mutambo uyu kwazvo vaidada Moliere pachake. Mabasa anongofamba nguva, akapiwa wongororo zvakanaka kubva vatsoropodzi.

2. "Flying chiremba."

3. "Chiremba-pedant."

4. "Vanachiremba Three."

5. "Rwokunyepera goof."

6. "Gorgibus ari baya."

upenyu Personal

Muna 1622 Moliere pamutemo akabatanidza fundo nemusikana wake Amandoy Bezhar. Akanga hanzvadzi iyoyo mutambi Madeleine, izvo naJean-Baptiste kumavambo ake basa uye nemhaka wake iyo vakatora yemitambo kubva vanhu gumi.

The zera musiyano pakati Jean-Baptiste uye Amanda chaizvo 20 makore. Panguva muchato wake aiva nemakore 40 uye iye - 20. The muchato haana kupa pachena, saka yakunda chete shamwari uye hama vanhu vakakokwa. Nenzira, vabereki mwenga vakanga hariguti pakusarudza mwanasikana wake vaiedza kuvamanikidza naye kugumisa kuroorana. Zvisinei, haana kubvuma kuteterera hama, uye nokukurumidza pashure pamuchato akarega kutaura naamai vake uye baba.

Munguva muchato, Amanda akaberekawo murume vana vatatu, asi tinogona kutaura kuti vaviri haana kufara pamwe kwavo. A rakakura zera musiyano uye zvido zvakasiyana zvakapiwa kuziva nezvako. Okugadzira zvinhu Moliere munguva muchato wake kunoratidza vainyanya nyaya pedyo mamiriro ezvinhu emhuri yake.

pahunhu hwake

Jean-Baptiste anganzi zvikuru unoshamisa unhu. Akanga atengeswa pakuguma basa rake, zvose hwake - isingaperi uye mitambo. Zvinosuruvarisa vaongorori vakawanda Biography yake achiri havagoni kuuya ronga kusarudza pamusoro wake pachake asian, nokuti mashoko haarambi saka zvakafanana sokune pamwe Shakespeare, vaivimba nomuromo nyaya uye ngano pamusoro iyeye uye nazvo maererano vakaedza kushandisa mupfungwa nzira kuziva hunhu waro.

Uyewo, kudzidza yakawanda mabasa nokuda Jean-Baptiste, zvinokwanisika kuzochera kugumisa pamusoro hwake zvavo. Moliere zvimwe vakaita zvose kuitira kuti hwokuzvizivisa anoramba zvishomanana mashoko. A vakawanda mabasa ake, akaparadza, saka hatina kuuya anopfuura 50 Mitambo ake uye nezvinobvamo mashoko. Zvinoitwa Moliere, pamashoko vakararama panguva yake, anoti iye aiva vairemekedza murume muFrance, anoteerera maonero ruzhinji vanhu roruvanze, uye kunyange vashomanana wemhuri youmambo.

Akanga chaizvo rusununguko-rudo, saka akanyora mabasa mazhinji pamusoro munhu, sei unofanira kusimuka pamusoro dzavo kuziva uye kuramba uongorore zvakare tsika dzavo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti hapana mabasa rusununguko haritauri iri zvakananga akapoteredza, nekuti kutama kuti ave rudano kupandukira uye hondo yevagari urwo rwakatora saka nguva yeMiddle Ages France.

Jean-Baptiste Moliere. Biography uye basa

Sezvazviri vanyori zvose basa uye playwrights Moliere nzira rakakamurwa zvimwe matanho (Zvisinei, hapana kuva akajeka nguva puranga, dzinomirira zvakasiyana mirayiridzo uye paakaratidza mhando polarity Kuchinjai pamabasa zvinoshamisa).

Munguva Paris nguva, Jean-Baptiste akanga akakurumbira namambo uye munyika vepamusoro, uye nokudaro akawana kuzivikanwa. Shure kwenguva runochengeta nyika, kuti troupe vakadzokera Paris uye Louvre anomira yemitambo ane repertoire itsva. Zvino professionalism ndiyo pachena: nguva aipedza uye kusingaperi tsika vari akanzwa. Panguva mutambo "Rudo Doctor" akanga wakapindwa mambo pachake, uyo pashure mharidzo pachake akatenda munyori wemitambo. Pashure chiitiko ichi muupenyu Zhana Batista vakatanga chena mutsetse.

waivako Next "Funny prude" uyewo pachimwe zvikuru pakati paruzhinji uye vakagamuchira wongororo yakanaka chaizvo kubva vatsoropodzi. Moliere apo nekunhonga zviziviso.

Danho rechipiri iri pakusikwa Jean-Baptiste yapuwa zvinhu zvakadai:

1. "Tartuffe". The storyline of yokufungidzira nechinangwa vachiseka vafundisi, iyo panguva vakanakidzwa kukurumbira pasi pakati vagari France nokuda kuramba zvichemo neupambi, uye pamusoro mabasa vamwe vamiririri vekereke mukuru. Mutambo yakabudiswa muna 1664 uye akanga kuridzwa panguva yemitambo kwemakore mashanu. The mutambo waiva rakapinza satire kusvika pamwero hunhu Comedy.

2. "Don Juan." Kana yapfuura kutamba ne Jean-Baptiste isakarurama vakaratidza dingindira yechechi uye akasekwa zvose vashandi vayo, basa iri, iye satirically akaratidza mitemo upenyu vanhu, avo maitiro uye tsika, izvo, maererano nokufunga kwangu, vaiva kwazvo kumbonaka, uye vakauya nyika chete kunaka uye utere. With kutamba ichi yemitambo rave akafamba zvinenge yose Europe. Mune dzimwe nyika izvi chatengeswa kunze, kuti pfungwa yave wakapata maviri kana katatu. Jean-Baptiste Moliere akaita anobatsira nevanhu vakawanda munguva rwendo urwu Europe.

3. "The Misanthrope." In basa iri munyori kunyange zvakawanda vaishora nheyo Ages upenyu. mutambo uyu ndiwo muenzaniso anobudirira zvikuru soro mutambo yacho XVII remakore. Nokuda yakawandisa kukomba uye kunzwisisa pebindu mashoko akanga asina kugamuchirwa nevanhu uyewo rapfuura basa Zhana Batista. Izvi chakakurudzira munyori afungezve zvimwe basa uye mitambo yake basa, saka akasarudza kutora yokumbozorora kugadzirwa Mitambo uye kunyora mumanyoro.

Theater Moliere

Zvesimba ari munyori troupe, apo iye akaita vakanyorerana kakawanda mupfungwa kubva vateereri uchuvstvoval dzinenge nguva dzose. Mukurumbira zvesimba ake vakapararira Europe yose. Yemitambo akava ari kudiwa kure miganhu France. Big Fans pamusoro Moliere simbi uye British connoisseurs soro chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo art.

Theater Moliere siyana yokushanda zvakaoma zvesimba yazvino dzevanhu tsika. The nokuita zvakanga nguva dzose kukwira. Zviya, Jean-Baptiste pachake kumborega mabasa avo, haana kuramba kuita kunyange kana vasina kunzwa zvakanaka uye akarwara. It anotaura guru romunhu rudo basa rake.

vatambi munyori

Jean-Baptiste Moliere akapa zvakawanda unhu dzinonakidza mumabasa avo. Funga zvikuru nevanhu uye eccentric:

1. Sganarelle - unhu ichi kwave dzinotaurwa anoverengeka mabasa uye munyori dambe. In mutambo "The Flying Doctor" zviri - the protagonist, ndiye muranda Valera. Nokuda kubudirira mashoko uye basa rose, Moliere akasarudza kushandisa unhu ichi nedzimwe mabasa ake (somuenzaniso, Sganarelle anogona kuonekwa "zvekufungidzira Cuckold", "Don Giovanni", "Doctor Willy-nilly", "Chikoro Kuvarume"), uye mamwe mabasa mangwanani nguva okugadzira zvinhu Zhana Batista.

2. Géronte - gamba, iyo inogona kuwanikwa kwekuva mutambo wa Moliere of Classical kumwedzi. Munguva Mitambo chiratidzo kurasika pfungwa uye dementia mamwe vanhu.

3. Harpagon - mutana, izvo unhu hwakadai kunyepa uye chido vapfume.

Comedy ballets

Biography Moliere rinoratidza kuti izvi mhando mifananidzo iri vakura chokutambudzika okugadzira zvinhu. Nokuda kusimbisa ukama dare, Jean-Baptiste pave Genre itsva, iyo yakagadzirirwa kusuma itsva zvidimbu muchimiro kutamba. Zviya, utsanzi ichi chave hunyatsobudirira pakati vateereri.

First mutambo-kutamba chainzi "saregerereka" uye zvakanyorwa uye akapa kuruzhinji muna 1661.

Interesting ngano pamusoro munhu

Pane unconfirmed ngano kuti mudzimai Moliere akanga chaizvoizvo mwanasikana wake, akaberekwa somugumisiro kukurukura Madlen Bezhar. Nhoroondo yose kuti Madeleine uye Amanda vaiva nehanzvadzi, aionekwa vamwe vanhu nhema. Zvisinei, mashoko aya haasi yasimbiswa uye ndiyo imwe chete ngano.

Imwe nyaya inoti kuti chaizvoizvo Moliere akanga asiri muvambi basa rake. Iye zvichipomerwa aita nokuda kwezvinhu Pierre Corneille. Nyaya Iri kwakapararira. Zvisinei, masayendisiti vanoti Biography pamusoro Moliere harina chokwadi chakadaro.

Late pavaipfuura okugadzira zvinhu

Makore anoverengeka gare gare, pashure kukundikana "The Misanthrope," munyori anosarudza kudzokera kubasa uye kuwedzera nhoroondo kutamba "Doctor Willy-nilly".

Biography Zhana Molera anoti panguva iyi, akaita kunonakidza pamusoro bourgeoisie uye nevapfumi. Uyewo akamutsa nyaya iri Mitambo yacho muchato, kwete mubvumirane.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro mabasa Moliere

1. Jean-Baptiste rakatangwa mutsva Genre kuti mutambo-kutamba.

2. Aiva mumwe kupfuura dzichipesana hunhu muFrance panguva iyoyo.

3. Moliere anenge asina kuonana nemhuri yake, vachisarudza havo kufamba nyika zvesimba ravo pasina kuenderana.

Rufu uye zvirangaridzo Jean-Baptiste

Pamberi mharidzo rechina "The zvekufungidzira haushandi" mutambo (1673), Moliere akanga achirwara, asi zvose akasarudza mangwanani kuenda pachikuva. Basa raakaita penya, asi pashure maawa mashomanana kutamba, mamiriro ake kwakaipa uye akafa pakarepo.

Vachikudza mumugwagwa zvakanzi zita munyori muParis uye akavaka zvirangaridzo zhinji Europe yose.