Nzvimbo yeiyo nzvimbo yeUalals metallurgic base. Ural metallurgical basing: zviito

IUalals metallurgical base ndiyo yakawanda munyika. Yakawanda yenyika yeRussia yesimbi uye yakasimbiswa inoputirwa nemafekitari enyika ino. Zvizhinji zvebhizimisi zvakakosha pakugadzira nickel, zinc, mhangura, nezvimwewo zvakavakwa munzvimbo ino.Nzvimbo yeiyo yeUalals metallurgic basing inofungidzirwa zvakanaka uye ine mari inobatsira. Kunyanya, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa pano zvinoratidzirwa nemari yakaderera.

Metallurgy yeRussia

Tisati tatanga kuongorora zvakananga zvekugadzirwa kwebhizimisi iri muUrials, tichawana kuti chii chiri munyika yose. Makambani emasitiriti ematare muRussia anogona kutarisana ne:

• Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinenge zvakasvibirira (iron, manganese uye chromium);
• Kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvishandiso (marasha, lime, ivhu);
• Kusunungurwa kwesimbi yesimbi (cast cast iron, steel, rolled products);
• Kugadzirwa kwesimbi yakakonzerwa nemataipi emidziyo;
• Kusunungurwa kwe coke uye gorovhini yevhisi yekoke;
• Kuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa chesimbi.

Mishonga yemasitirgy asingasviki anobudisa mhangura, nickel, zinc, nezvimwe. Kukosha kwechikamu chemukati mune zvehupfumi hwenyika chakakwirira kwazvo.

Zvose zvinoshandiswa nemasallurgical bases muRussia

Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa mune iyi indasitiri zviri munzvimbo dzeSiberia, Central uye Urals dzenyika. Nzvimbo yemabhizimisi ematare ematare inonyanya kuchinjwa nechikonzero chakadai sekuwanikwa kwefurairi uye zvigadzirwa zvakasikwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, nzvimbo dzemalahle nemafuta emari zvinowirirana munzvimbo. Nokudaro, zvinomera zvinowanzovakwa pedo nehutuko kana huni hwehuni, pamwe chete pakati pavo.

Pasi petafura nyaya shomanana yekufananidza kwemasetallurgical zvigaro zveRussia inoratidzwa.

Idzi ndidzo zviratidzo zvikuru zvinoratidzira nheyo ye metallurgical yeRussia. IUalals metallurgical base ndiyo yakawanda pane dzose. Siberia - iri mumutambo wekufambira mberi.

Iyo inosanganisira mabhizimisi makuru ematare ematare muUals

Zvizhinji zvezvirimwa munharaunda ino zvakakwana zvakagadzirwa. Pakati pezvakakura, tinokwanisa kusiyanisa Magnitogorsk, Novotroitsky, Chelyabinsk naNizhny Tagil. Aya mabhizinesi mana anotora 80% yeirivha yese yeguru munharaunda uye 70% yesimbi. Kune dzimwe mishonga munharaunda ino, kwete yakakura zvikuru: muSerov, Chusovo, Beloretsk, Alapaevka, nezvimwe. Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yesimbi yakaiswa muUals ndeyeKachkanarsky. Orsko-Khalilovskoye inonzi ndiyo yechipiri inonyanya kukosha. Inenge yose yeRussia chromites inotengeswa pano.

Geographical nzvimbo yeUalals metallurgical base: features

Iyi nharaunda iri pedyo pedo nefiberi-rich Siberia neKazakhstan, uyewo kuva nehutano hwakakosha hwezvesayenzi uye hwehutano hwechikamu cheEuropean reRussia. Zvechokwadi, nzvimbo iyi haigone asi inokanganisa mari yekugadzirwa kwekupedzisira.

Icho chiri munharaunda yenzvimbo yechitubu uye imwe pamwe. Makomo eUral akwegura zvikuru. Vakataridzika mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura uye ikozvino zvakangoerekana zvawa. Nokudaro, zvicherwa zvinowanikwa pano zvinenge zviri pamusoro pepamusoro uye mumatambudziko akawanda zvinogona kubviswa nenzira yakasununguka.

Kushaiwa kwekuchengetedza mabhazi emunharaunda munharaunda kunogona kuonekwa kune zvisina kunaka zvinhu. Zvisinei, nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeUalals metallurgic base ndiyo yakadai inogona kuunzwa muzvinyorwa zvese kubva kunharaunda dzakapoteredza. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, coking coals inotengwa muKazakhstan. Iron ore inotengeswa zvishoma kubva munzvimbo dzeKursk magnetic anomaly.

Magnitogorsk Gadzira

IUalals metallurgical basimiri inomiririrwa nenhamba yakawanda yemabhizimisi. Magnitogorsk Kubatana haisi chete iyo yakakura muRussia, asiwo muEurope. Yakavakwa mumakore ekumazana makumi matatu ekupedzisira. Nzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zveMagnitogorsk inobatanidza inenge inenge 7000 hectares. Iri bhizimusi rinobudisa 20% yezvose zvinotengeswa zvinotengeswa mumusika weRussia uye zvine basa rakakwana rokushanda. Nharaunda yekutanga yekugadzirwa pachirimara ndeye kubudiswa kweares, uye yekupedzisira ndiyo inoshandiswa yakadzika yesimbi inopisa. Inenge 40% yezvose zvinogadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nebhizimisi iri zvinotengeswa.

Novotroitskaya "Ural Steel"

Izvi zvinosanganisira chikamu chekambani ye Metalloinvest uye ndeimwe yevashandi vakakura vemakadhi emidheni, mabheji uye bhulosi munyika. Iko iri munzvimbo yeOrenburg uye inoshandiswa muguta rinoita Novotroitsk. Zita rekare ndiro Orsk-Khalilovsky Metallurgical Combine. Yakanga isina kuvakwa kare kare - pakati pezana remakore rapfuura.

Zvikamu zvehupfumi uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeUalals metallurgic base yakadaro zvokuti inobatsira kutenga chimwe chemafuta muKazakhstan. Kunyanya, izvi zvine chokuita ne "Ural Steel". Iko Novotroitsk Ikatanidzwa iri pedyo nemuganhu nehurumende iyi. Panguva yekuputsika kweU.SR, apo hukama hwehupfumi nedzimwe nyika dzakanga dzakaparadzaniswa, hupfumi hwakakonzera matambudziko makuru. Iye zvino mamiriro ezvinhu pamusimwa akavandudza zvimwe.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, bhizimisi rino rinobudisa:

• Dhina dare dheyo uye re-cast;
• Sheet uye midziyo yakareba;
• Zvigadzirwa zvematanda;
• Coke;
• Slag blocks;
• Ammonium sulfate.

Chikamu chekugadzirwa kunotengeswa.

Nizhny Tagil Kuungana

Iyi ndeimwe yekare kare mabhizimisi emabhizimisi munyika. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muna 1720. IUalals metallurgical base, nzvimbo yeiyo nzvimbo iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga isingabatsiri sezvairi ikozvino, saka yakanga ichangotanga kubuda.

Iko kusvuta kokutanga paNizhny Tagil Kubatana kwakaitika muna 1725. Mhando huru yemiti yakagadzirwa naye nhasi ndeyikuti:

• Magirasi ezvitima;
• Rails;
• Zvikamu zviteshi, makona, ini-miviri, nezvimwewo.

Non-ferrous metallurgy

Makambani emakambani aya anewo zvakakosha mune zvehupfumi hwemunharaunda uye nyika yose. IUalals metallurgical base ndiyo inonyanya kutengeserana yesimbi isingaiti. Munharaunda ino, pane mafaira anobereka zinc, mhangura, aluminium, nickel.

Zvikwereti zvakakura ndezvi:

• OK Rusal;
• UMMC;
• Verkhne-Saldinsky association;
• OJSC Ufaleynickel;
• Kamensk-Uralsky chomera;
• Revdinsky Plant yeOCM nevamwe.

Matambudziko uye kubudirira matarisiro

Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeUalals metallurgic base inobatsira zvikuru. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, pasinei kunyange nehuwandu hwekuvandudzwa kwechangobva kuitwa, Urals inoramba iine nzvimbo iyo inonyanya kutengesa kunze kwekutengeswa kwezvinhu. Nhungamiro yakanyanya kuvimbiswa mukuvandudzika kwevashandi vezvemabhizimisi enyika inoona kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwematetallurgical complex of the Urals uye gorosi nemagetsi eSiberia. Kunyanya kubudirira kwaizova kubatanidzwa kwemafekitari enyika ino nemabhizimisi eKomi Republic.

Icho chinonyanya kutungamirirwa chekugadzirwa, chokwadi, chezviyo zvinofanira kuva kuwedzera kwekugadzira. Inharaunda yeUral nedzimwe nyika ine chimwe chinhu chakanaka: zvinenge zvese mabhizimisi emakambani etimetallurgical ari makuru pano uye zvakaoma zvikuru kutendeuka nekugadzirisa. Imwe dambudziko rezvirimwa zvakakura munharaunda ino ndeyokuti vanoita zvishoma nezvishoma kutengesa kuchinja.

Munguva yemberi iri pedyo, Urals metallurgic base, iyo nzvimbo inogara inobatsira zvakakwana mukuremekedza nharaunda, inoramba iri yakafanana. Zvisinei, nhasi hurumende inofunga nezvemazuva ano ekugadzirwa munharaunda iyi kuti ive chinangwa chikuru.