Novgorod Kremlin. Velikiy Novgorod. Photos uye wongororo ari panze miziyamu

Where ndiwo mukuru kuRussia, kuti Kremlin? Veliky Novgorod - ndiro guta zvaunoda kushanyira kuti kubata midzi munyika kare. Asi ndizvo zvinoitika kuti nzvimbo yakare hakusi kure kunoshamisa matongo nzvimbo. Fire, kukombwa, zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye, Chikurukuru, kuti Second World War zvakakonzera irreparable kukuvara maguta akawanda ekare European. Zvakaoma chaizvo pakati muzvivako ano (kana pakunzwa Khrushchev) kuti kufungidzira kuti pano, panzvimbo ino, vakamira Romanesque machechi kana dzoushe ibwe jena. Asi chii pamusoro Novgorod? Ko nguva yokuwedzera? Munyaya ino tichataura nezvazvo.

Aongorora mhinduro revafambi, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti kushanya Novgorod Kremlin zvinogoneka chero mwaka uye chero kworudzi rupi ekunze. Karwendo kuti miziyamu tashandira zviripo mari yake. A rukoko pashure rukoko iri pachena Kremlin, nhoroondo Russia. Hapana chikonzero kunotadzisawo fungidziro yako Novgorod Assembly, paruvanze Alexander Nevsky navatana Church. Dzimwe mutungamiriri inoti, nezvechimwe chinhu: "Chinhu remake." Uye, pashure kumbomira, akati :. "The remakore nemanomwe" Kare pano palpable, zvinooneka. Ngativerengei kuronda nhoroondo Novgorod Kremlin uye kubvira pakutanga kwayo inotungamirwa.

Chii Kremlin?

Veliky Novgorod, maererano Mabviro ezwi rokuti, iri "guta idzva". Uye pakanga yekare? Old necheSalvic nemisha dzakavakwa papfungwa kuti dzokuMadokero dzekare unodana incastellomento, kureva "iri mumadziro." Zvaisiyana kuronga German guta, kana rakavakirirwa Castle akamira pagomo, uye zvishoma mamwe anofa akararama. In necheSalvic maguta ekare akadai Kiev, masvingo rokudzivirira yose kugarwa akanga akakomberedza. Asi zvino VaViking vakauya yavo, German, tsika. Pazvikomo vakasiyiwa kuzvidzivirira mukutarisana zvichibvira muvengi. Uye muchinda regumi remakore avaka pachake uye ake navaranda rakavakirirwa Castle. Pachinhu yekare kugarwa zvikazikamwa sezvo guta idzva. Gare gare, ndokudzokera kuna Novgorod.

Prince dissociated kubva vayo. Mumutauro kuUkraine, zvikuru zvekare, unonakidza se "vіdokremlyuvatisya". The Mudzi rechiito, uye vakashumira sezvo zita nokuda masvingo itsva. Asi kwete bedzi yakagara feudal tenzi uye mhuri yake yakanga Kremlin. Novgorod aiva nzvimbo uye akaswedera muchinda, chelyadnikov, vamiririri rokunyika uye vezvitendero masimba. Saka Kremlin kazhinji rimwe zita - Detinets. Zvakanga chete administrative, asiwo munharaunda centre. Pane zvakaitika Novgorod veche. Munharaunda iyi anewo muguta Church.

Uripiko Kremlin?

Zvino Detinets shongwe dzokugara pamahombekombe ari Volkhov River. Reviews vanoti yakanakisisa nzira kuna Kremlin kubva Ilmen - akanaka uye yakakura mudhamu. Zvakawanda mvura chete anowedzera fabulousness mu usingatsananguriki nokunaka kwenzvimbo. Bell kurira hwabviswa, uye masvingo nenhare dzvuku chidhinha sokuti kuyengerera pamusoro pemvura kwegungwa. Asi vashanyi vanofanira kuyeuka kuti kwemakore ane chiuru, kwenzvimbo yachinja wedzeredzei. Zvino, sapakutanga, Volkhov runoyerera kubva Lake Ilmen. Asi munguva dzekare, akaudzawo yakaderera nhema nyika pazvitsuwa dzakawanda. Zvino VaViking vasvika pano, vakatumidza nzvimbo ino "Holmgard". Izvo zvinoreva kuti "nyika nezvitsuwa".

Pano panzvimbo ino, mativi ose yakapoteredzwa nemvura, uye akatanga kuvaka Vladimir, mwanakomana Yaroslava Mudrogo, muna 1044 ayo Kremlin. Veliky Novgorod akamirirwa kubwinya rimwe zvokutengeserana guta guru, asi zvino, pakutanga kwezana wegumi-regumi emakore, chaiva chiduku ugari. Masayendisiti zvichiri nharo, chokutanga Detinets wakaradzikwa pane zvakanga chitsuwa. Asi hapana mubvunzo kuti chokutanga masvingo aro akanga zvakaitwa namatanda. Ungangove, nhare inogarwa chitsuwa evaMedhia. Zvino chikamu Detintsa pakati Vladimir uye Prechistenskaya neshongwe. Asi pane imwe maonero. Wokutanga Kremlin aigona kuva panzvimbo zvino riri Episcopal chivanze, ndiko kuti, pamusoro kuchamhembe chitsuwa.

ibwe chivakwa

Nhau dzairamba of Novgorod Kremlin kwakabatana zita muchinda Polotsk Vseslav, uyo muna 1065 akabatwa yavarwi. kukuvadza zvikuru haana akakonzera guta asi zvakafanana asingagamuchirwi kushanya Novgorodians anomanikidzwa kufunga nezvokuvaka kupfuura akasimba masvingo Detintsa. Reviews zvevashanyi zviri zano kuteerera nomugwagwa unoenda zambuko mhiri Kremlin. Pakati regumi remakore, Zvakabatana namafuro Munhu kuguma uye rutivi Nerevskoy. Saka kuti masuo maviri Detintsa akazorora uye Probojnaja Main Street. Uye mukuru napadare Kremlin pachayo yakanga Biskuplya (kureva Episcopal mugwagwa). Zvakanga saka zita nokuti zambuko nokuti yakavakwa muna Metropolitan mari. mugwagwa uyu chinoyambuka munhare kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira, uye vakabuda guru zambuko mhiri Volkhov. Naizvozvo, pashure muna 1097 womuti Detinets kamwe zvakare ndipiswe, Prince Mstislav (mwanakomana Vladimir Monomakh) akarayira kuti kucheka masvingo itsva. Mabasa zvakapedzwa muna 1116, ari Novgorod Kremlin (Detinets) Sezvineiwo yakawedzera kukura. Izvi zvinooneka pane Chronicle: "Pohorje Detinets uye vakaisa Mstislav Novgorod pervago zvakawanda." Nokuti yepakutanga Kremlin zvakabatanidzwa west (OCD) uye kumaodzanyemba (okolotok) chikamu. Maererano vakawanda venhoroondo, zvakanga pakutanga wegumi nemiviri remakore Detinets akatambanudza aripo ukuru. Asi sezvo vachiti vari wongororo, zvavari kuona nhasi vashanyi, rinoreva yakazotevera kumwedzi.

ibwe Kremlin

Nokuti nguva yaro (regumi-nemiviri remakore) emapuranga Detinets akanga nhare yakavimbika. Mumwe chete Polotsk muchinda akakwanisa akaritora. Asi muzana remakore namatatu zvinhu okukomba achinja. Paiva kukanda zvombo, izvo zvinogona kudzivisa ibwe masvingo chete. Akatiwo nechisimba gurusvusvu Batu Khan, uyo akavhiyiwa Russia. Veliky Novgorod, sezvinei, wakapukunyuka zvaibiwa kwakaenderera. Asi mitemo iyoyo Metropolitan kufunga achisimbisa mupomerwi kugona Detintsa. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, kubva yaitsiva womuti masvingo amabwe kwakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma pakutanga kwezana regumi namatatu-nemana emakore, mabasa awa pakutanga Vladychny pachivanze.

Reviews vanoti ipapo dzakavakwa mukuru shongwe Detintsa kuti achiripo kusvikira nhasi; Rumuko Muponesi (1297), Protection (1305) uye Vladimir (1311). KuMiddle Ages pamusoro zvivako izvi korona suwo makereke. Bishop Basil ari thirties remakore hwegumi kwasimbisa Detinets. Iye chakatsiva yematanda masvingo amabwe uye akavaka shongwe mitsva. Chronicle pakati 1333 inotiudza kuti "ishe guta Kamen nokuti pospeshestvovaniem Mwari kwemakore maviri." Tevera mabhishopi - naMozisi 1360 uye John ari 1400s - kusimbisa wokura Detintsa masvingo, dzichiisa shongwe itsva. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu, basa rwakapararira okolotok.

Kremlin temberi

Detinets haana chete muzinda muguta, asi pakati kunamata kwake. Naizvozvo kereke Novgorod Kremlin vaiva rinokosha. Chokutanga izvi, Sophia, yakavakwa pamwe chaizvo Detinets. Prince Vladimir Yaroslavovich muna 1045 akatanga kuvaka temberi uye anoda chaizvo kuona nayo kupera. Kereke yakavakwa mumakore manomwe. Rakanga vagadzwe 1502, pashure iyo muchinda haana kurarama mwedzi. Akavigwa masvingo mukuru Cathedral kuRussia.

Reviews dzinoratidza kuti temberi anofanira kushanyira. Kune zvimedu Pamifananidzo yacho namaviri remakore. Uyewo, vashanyi vari zano kuteerera huru wetembere. Sezvaunoziva, ivo vakaitwa regumi namaviri remakore muMagdeburg. Inside the chapero zvinofadza kutarira nzvimbo Ivana Groznogo. Zvinonzi zvakaitwa namatanda uye yakashongedzwa mifananidzo. Asi chokwadi, chikuru kukwezvana yetemberi ndiyo necropolis - mukuru yeOrthodox Russia.

No zvishoma kupfuura Church, zvinofadza uye bhero neshongwe Novgorod Kremlin. The kutaurwa shongwe iyi mapurani kutanga kunzwisisa 1437. Vashanyi dziri zano kushanyira kwemasimba mabhero, iyo iri pasi Campanile rechipiri. Chete vakaungana muunganidzwa wakakwana kudaro pano. Uye kana musingadi kuva simbe vanokwira kuna pakuongorora uriri, unogona kunakidzwa maonero ari Novgorod Great kubva kukwirira shiri kutiza. In kumaodzanyemba chechi iri Detintsa Andreya Stratilata. Pakutanga zvakanga chikamu yekare (1167-73 gg.) Boris uye Gleb chechi. Zvinonzi huru anyatsoronga yaivakwa chechi yakaitwa nokubatanidza Sytinich (mutengesi Sadko). Archbishop Euthymius muna 1441 temberi ari muchimiro kuti tinoona nhasi.

Episcopal chivanze

Mune thirties ari namaviri remakore muna Novgorod ushe mumaguta hweruzhinji. Simba muchinda vakava anenge chezita. All zvisarudzo akatorwa panguva veche. Detinets sechiratidzo simba muguta akaenda kuna Novgorod Republic. Muchinda akatamira murwi.

Haiwa, nguva hweruzhinji muRussia rwakatora refu. Nokukurumidza simba Novgorod chinyararire akaenda neChechi yeOrthodox. Archbishops ndangotanga tenzi Novgorod Kremlin. kugara kwavo - Episcopal chivanze - achiitei chikamu chikuru wenhare. Mukuwedzera dzinogarwa uye ezvokutengeserana zvivako, uye Makanga machechi. Reviews vanokurudzira zvakasimba kwete chete kutarisa Episcopal chivanze, asiwo kushanyira yakagara archbishops - Faceted Chamber. Ndiyo chete pakuvaka zvakaoma, yava vaburukira kwatiri kubva pakutanga yezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu.

The aivamo chokugara rokutanga raiva Euthymios wechipiri. Akarayira kuvaka mukamuri ravo Gothic manyorerwo. On rokuvaka zvitatu storey chivakwa nezvidhina basa German mapurani. Reviews taura kuti pakati omukati yamambo zvakachengetedzwa zvimedu pakutanga rusvingo mifananidzo. furati ichi Lords akatora vamiriri akasangana Ecclesiastical dare, mutambo wokupedzisira yakatarwa. Uyewo, pane kuenda reparamende Novgorod - Dare Masters.

Zvino Faceted Chamber uri miziyamu. Uchishandisa muoti dzokupisa, iro rinotaura pamusoro poupenyu archbishops "mwero", kureva kuti zuva nezuva kubva maawa gumi namasere, mazuva kure - Monday uye wokutanga neChitatu nerimwe mwedzi. Mukuwedzera, muna chivakwa pane zvechigarire kuratidzira miviri - zvishongo uye unyanzvi uye ounyanzvi.

Novgorod kwakaita accession kuna Moscow hugota

chiitiko ichi akanyatsosiyana zvakachinja njodzi veche zvokuvhoterwa, kwakaitika muna 1478. Ivan III, Duke of Moscow, nyika Novgorod yakatora avo ezvinhu. Pamwechete rusununguko chinhu chomunguva yakapfuura uye kwokubwinya muguta. Haachasweromberereka nhengo iri Hanseatic League, uye aiva akanyarara dunhu, izvo, zvisinei, akaita basa rinokosha iri kudzivirira okumusoro-dzokumadokero kumuganhu idzva wehurumende. Naizvozvo, muna 1484 Ivan "nachasha akaiswa hwaro guta rekare Detinets ibwe." Nhare Novgorod Great chikare mutsika. Chevaux Ivan III akarayira kuti kuwedzera pokunzvenga napo shongwe kuti dhipuroya munhu firearm. Vakapona uye mutengo mabasa aya, maererano mumwe muzvitatu mari akafukidzwa Archbishop Gennady.

Zvokuvakazve Detintsa kwakanga kwakakura zvokuti tinogona kutaura, rakavakwazve, kunyange pamusoro nheyo akare. Asi zvino, muna nineties remakore rechigumi nemashanu, ari Novgorod Kremlin akatora mufananidzo kuti tinoona zvino. Vamwe shongwe apera akazotevera, sezvo Somuenzaniso, Cocuy, yakavakwa pasi Peter Mukuru. Asi vose, zvose wongororo vanoti Great Novgorod Detinets anotakura mufambi muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu.

Towers Novgorod Kremlin

Vashanyi achirova simba kuzvidzivirira madziro mi- munhare. ukobvu dzavo zvichisiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana pamusoro matatu nehafu kusvika mamita anopfuura matanhatu. Kureba masvingo vakasiyana, zvakare. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vanomutsirwa namashanu metres, apo vamwe - masere chete. A pachena chinoratidza Detintsa muna Novgorod vari mumachechi suwo. Izvi zvinoratidza echitendero uye enyika simba archbishops.

Vamwe shongwe Kremlin handina akapukunyuka kusvikira nguva yedu. At nzvimbo Rumuko Prechistenskaya (Amai vaMwari) ikozvino gaping Arch pakufamba. Asi pamusoro yose gumi shongwe akapona pfumbamwe, kuti uchabvuma, kwete zvakaipa. All kwakanga kwakabatana ne ndima. Vashanyi dziri zano kuti vanokwira Cocuy. Ichi-mana mutinhimira yokurinda shongwe, izvo Hakutarisi muruwa rose. Kubva rayo zvaakazvionera uriri unogona kuyemura Anthony wemamonk uye Yaroslav Court. Uye pazuva zvakajeka naye ichionekwawo bhero shongwe wemamongi muSt George. Tower Palace (1484-1499 gg.) Chinobatanidza anonakidza zvikuru kuratidza. Kana iwe kushanyira Novgorod Kremlin nemwana, iva nechokwadi kuti vatarire navo. Mumwe kuratidzira akazvipira ihwohwo magamba Russian wegumi nemanomwe emakore.

Nhoroondo kuchangobva of Novgorod wenhare

On kuwedzera necheSalvic uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika kufarira Russian kare muna Kremlin akaonekwa namapfumbamwe remakore. Panoperera rino remakore, vanyori venhau dzakaitika paakavapa akachengetedzwa mazita shongwe kuti murege chaizvo dzinoenderana nemazita munhoroondo. Pakuvamba zvikamu wakakombwa mokupera akasungirirwa Gate Church. Ndiko kwaiva Kumuka, Bogorodnitskaya shongwe uye zvichingodaro. D. zvino vanodanwa Prince, ari Metropolitan, Palace, Kokui. Muna 1862, munyika pakati Kremlin pamberi paMambo Alexander II uye mhuri yake akazarura shongwe kuna Millennium weRussia. Uye vanoremekedzwa sangano zvakadai UNESCO, kusanganisira yose siyana Novgorod munhare ari mazita World Complete Works of Humanity. Muna 1865 chikamu Ensemble ichi akanzi miziyamu-chengetedza. Kuti pano Haanunuri basa. Veliky Novgorod, Kremlin - kero kubva sangano iri tsika iri nyore chaizvo. Uye Detinets ichionekwa chero chikamu cheguta rekare.

Kushanyira Novgorod Kremlin: nemaonero vafambi

Reviews anopiwa kunzwisisa kuti miziyamu anotora yose zvakaoma wenhare. Kunze naye Kremlin akaisa Regional Library, Philharmonic Hall, College of Arts, kudzoreredzwa okudhindira, mumhanzi uye unyanzvi zvikoro. Pamwe ndosaka mashandiro yose kunzwisisa akanaka kwazvo vashanyi kubva nhanhatu ari mangwanani kusvikira pakati pousiku. The zvakadzama ndima Kremlin anobvumawo kuti aifanira kuongorora zuva uye takasununguka zvose shangu. Reviews vari zano kutora munhu rwavakaita - saka unodzidza zvakawanda pamusoro Kremlin. Vashanyi akanyevera kuti Detintsa shongwe uye zvimwe zvikamu zvaro, dzakadai Episcopal Chivanze, vane modes wavo kushanda. Vamwe kuvhurika gumi mangwanani. Kuti vauye Kremlin zvakanaka kwete Monday, nokuti pazuva iroro revhiki peshongwe zhinji Novgorod munhare goho. Unogona kudya vari Datenroku, stylized Middle Ages. Ikoko Wongororo vachirumbidza sbiten uye kvass.