Nizhny Novgorod. Kremlin - nhare mukati meguta (mufananidzo)

Panguva iyo inofungidzirwa kuti kune 41 maguta ezvakaitika muRussia. Pakati pavo, nzvimbo inokosha inotorwa naNizhny Novgorod. I Kremlin yeguta iri ndeimwe yekanakisisa uye yakakwirira pakati pezvinhu zvakachengetedzwa uye inokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi kubva muguta, kusanganisira kubva kune dzimwe nyika.

Nhoroondo yesheyo nekuvaka

Kubvira panguva yekare kumunda wekare yeRussia, mazamu akavakwa, izvo zvakadzivirira guta kubva pakurwisa kwevavengi. Hazvishamisi kuti vaScandinavia vakadana nyika yedu Gardarika. Imwe yenhare dzakadaro, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi14, yaiva Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, iyo yakatanga kuvakwa kubva pasi uye matanda.

Pasi paIvan wechitatu, muna 1500, kusimbisa kudzivirirwa kweguta kwakarongedzwa shongwe yekutanga yemabwe, inonzi Tverskaya. Pamusana pokupinda kweHorde, kuvakwa kwakapedzwa chete muna 1505, uye makore 8 gare gare muoki wechiKremlin wakapisa, muumbi wehuni Pietro Francesco akakokwa ku Nizhny Novgorod. Ndicho ichi chiItaly akaumba masvingo ane simba, ayo achiri kushamisa vashanyi kuguta nhasi.

IKremlin idzva yakavakwa kubva kumarita emarara, akadzikira pasi peVolga, uye tsvuku huru yezvidhina, iyo yakagadzirwa panzvimbo.

Tsanangudzo yenhare

I Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) yakanga ine rusvingo rwemakiromita maviri uye 13 shongwe. Pakati peizvi, zvikamu zvishanu zvitsvuku zvakapfuvura uye 8-zvakapoteredza, matsi. Mukuwedzera, pamberi peDmitrov Tower yaiva bhoroji duku rebwe rine musara wekutengesa.

Nhare yakakombwa nemvura isina mvura 25-30 m yakafara uye 2.5-4 m yakadzika Nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti mhepo iri muDmitrov Tower yakanga ine zvikamu zvakatsaurwa zvakanga zvakazara nemvura yepasi.

Zvombo uye gamba

Pamusoro pezvombo zveimba yakasimba muzana remakore rechi16 panguva ino hapana chinozivikanwa. Zvisinei, kune humwe uchapupu hwokuti pakati pezana remakore rechi17 mabheti makumi maviri chete akanga ari kushanda nejeri, sezvo mushure mekutorwa kwaIvan the Terrible kaKazzan muna 1552, kukosha kwekudzivirirwa kwechiuto kweNizhny Novgorod Kremlin kwakawa zvikuru. Pamusoro pezvikamu zvizhinji, idzi dzaiva zviduku-caliber squeaks yezviduku zviduku. Kwakanga kunewo mattresses - madononi maduku aipfura. Mukuwedzera, mamwe mabhururu akashandiswawo zvakare-vashandi vekuvhima.

The Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod): History

Munyika yose yezana remakore rechi16 nhare yakadzokororwa ichiiswa pasi, asi muvengi haana kukwanisa kusimudza mabhanhire ayo pamusoro pawo.

Muzana remakore rechi17, Kremlin yakava nzvimbo iyo kuungana kwakaitika, izvo zvakaguma nehurongwa hweVechipiri Yevanhu Militia, iyo yakaponesa Russia uye yakagumisa Matambudziko.

Muzana remakore rechi18, nhare yakashandiswa sehugaro hwegavhuna. Pasi paChristine II, Kremlin yakakanganiswa yakadzorerwa. Zvisinei, basa racho rakangowedzera kuipa kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kunyange zvakanyanya kuparadza kwakanga kuri kuedza kuponesa rusvingo, rwakaitwa muna 1834-1837. Kunyanya, mushure mekunge gungwa razadzwa, kukwirira kweKremlin kwakaderera nemamiriyoni mana uye zvikamu zvepasi zvakange zviri pasi pevhu. Somugumisiro, ivo vakafukidzwa nemvura ine pasi uye vakatanga kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Muzana remakore rechi19, Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) yakava nzvimbo iyo mauto akaenda kuHondo yePatriotic, iyo yakatendeka mukuyeukwa kwekurukuru vavo, vakaratidza kuva varwi vakashinga.

Nheyo yemu museum

Pasi peAlexandria wechitatu pane kwakasimuka fashoni yezvose zvakashandurwa neRussia uye kufarira munhoroondo yenyika. Muna 1894 zvakasarudzwa kuronga nhoroondo yemamamende muKremlin. Kuti tiite izvi, takasarudza kugadzirisa Dmitrievskaya Tower. Pakupera kwemabasa muna 1896 musumamende yakazarurwa kuvanhu. Kupa vashanyi kuNizhny Novgorod Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod), mufananidzo waro unoratidzwa pasi apa, muna 1896 chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chakavakwa kubva Krisimasi Street. Zvisinei, muna 1926, yakange yakavharwa, sezvo kushanda kwetambo ye tram iri paZelensky Congress yakatanga. Akabatana neGreat Pokrovskaya mumugwagwa neRohdhdestvenskaya.

Pasi pesimba reSoviet (kusvikira muna 1945)

Mushure megore raOctober Revolution, senyika yose, Nizhny Novgorod zvakare akachinja zvikuru. IKremlin yakarashika yakakurumbira yeSpafa-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, iyo yakanga isina nzvimbo muguta, iyo yakanzi zita rokukudza Maxim Gorky.

Panzvimbo yetemberi yekare yakavakirwa naMikhail Romanov uye Archbishop Filaret muzana remakore rechi17, zvivako zvitsva zvakagadzira iyo House House, uye musumisiro unoshanda muDmitrievsky Tower yakavharwa. Chirongwa chakanga chagadzirirwawo kuparadza dzimwe shongwe kuitira kuti iwedzere Soviet Square, asi zvirongwa zvakadzivirirwa neGreat Patriotic War.

Kubva muna 1941 kusvika muna 1943, maNazi akatanga kuputira Nizhny Novgorod kubva mumhepo. IKremlin, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga inopfuura mazana mana emakore, yakasimuka kuti idzivirire musha wavo. Padzimba dzayo dzakanga dzakagadzirirwa kuputika ndege, izvo zvakachengetedza denga kumusoro kweGorky.

Mumazuva ekutanga kwehondo

Mushure meGungwa Guru rePatriotic pedyo nemadziro eKremlin yekare, Victory Parade yakaitirwa paSovetskaya Square (Minin naPozharsky) , uye kubvira muna 1949 nhare yakadzorerwa. Mushure memakore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu muKremlin, kuratidzwa kwezvombo kubva pakurwisana nevaFascist vanopinda.

Kubvira pakutanga kwema1990, kusakwanisa kwekubhadhara kwakakonzera kupedzisa kwekugadzirisa basa. Vakaramba vachipfuura muma2000 chete. Munguva imwecheteyo, kuchengetedza zviratidzo zvezvizvarwa zvinotevera, muNizhny Novgorod, yeThe Historical and Architectural Reserve yakarongeka, iyo inonzi iyo Kremlin.

Nezviitiko zvemakore achangobva kupfuura, zvinofanira kuonekwa zvakare kusikwa kweZachatskaya Tower, iyo yakaitwa muna 2012. Somugumisiro wemabasa ekuvaka, rwonzi rweKremlin masvingo rwakanga rwakapfigwa, uye chivakwa chekuvaka chakawana kutarisa kwakakwana.

Ndeapi vatashanyi vachaona nhasi muNizhny Novgorod

Nhasi guta racho nderimwe rematunhu anokosha kupfuura mamwe ose enyika. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi gore negore kuNizhny Novgorod. I Kremlin ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kwavari. Pakati pezviyeuchidzo zvakachengetedzwa munharaunda yaro, pane shongwe gumi nembiri, imwe neimwe yadzo inofadza zvikuru kune vanoda maumbirwo. Mukuwedzera, kune gordum, hofisi yehupuru, dare rekugombedzera, guru registry office, post office, philharmonic society, museum museum, guardhouse uye moto usingaperi. Uyewo pane: kune rudo, nzvimbo dzakawanda uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinofadza.

Nizhny Novgorod, Kremlin: sei kuti uwane

Nhare iyi iri muchitendero cheOka uye neVolga, pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira. Vaya vakapinda muguta nechitima, kubva kuchiteshi chezvitima cheMoscow vanogona kusvika kuKremlin nekutora bhazi rekuvhara N 34, 81, 134, 54 kana 172 kusvika pakamira "Minin nePozharsky Square". Zvino iwe unofambidzana nemugwagwa wevatambi vemugwagwa - Bolshaya Pokrovskaya.

Dzimwe nzvimbo nzvimbo dzinofarira

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvaungaona kana iwe uine mukana wekuenda kuNizhny Novgorod? I Kremlin yakakomberedzwa nemitambo inonakidza yezvakaitika uye yekuvakwa, iyo inogona kuonekwa zvakare. Somuenzaniso, munzvimbo yeMinin nePozharsky, iri kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwemasvingo eimba, kune kopi yemuzinda unozivikanwa weMoscow wakagadzirwa mukukudza ma heroes. Pedyo imomo munewo musamuyo we AS Pushkin, tsime rakavakwa muna 1847, zvigumbuso kuna V. Chkalov uye Kuzma Minin. Iyo yekupedzisira inozivikanwa nekuve yakasimbiswa munguva yemakore ehondo, kuitira kusimudzira mweya wekurwa weNizhny Novgorod vagari venyika mumazuva emhepo yakanyanya kuparadza muguta.

Iye zvino unoziva kuti chii chinokwezva vatashanyi kuNizhny Novgorod. IKremlin (chinyorwa pamusoro) inofanirwa kuongororwa uye kuzvikudza pamabasa emadzitateguru edu.