Nhoroondo "The Lower pakadzika" Gorky: sei zvakaita

Vakawanda verenga kutamba, rakanyorwa Bamba Gorky "The Lower makadzika". History kwezvisikwa kunonakidza wake zvikuru. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, munyori wokuRussia, uye achiri muduku akatungamirira bosyatsky nzira youpenyu, kazhinji kufamba munhu knapsack kumusana kwake. Zvichida nokusingaperi kwaari uye kurara misha matumba. Ungangove, chirongwa kuumba munhu basa pamusoro ose dzi uye outs kwoupenyu vanhu ava akakura mupfungwa dzake kwenguva refu Maksima Gorkogo. Asi kushandisa zviri chete kana munyori yakasarudza kuenda mumutambo. Zvino dzoro XIX-XX emakore.

kunetsa Artists

The troupe of Moscow Art Theater muna 1900, akaenda kuCrimea, kuisa pamberi Mitambo vake Chekhov kuti "Sekuru Vanya" uye "The Gaviota." Asi kwete chete yaiva basa vatambi. Sezvo Nemirovich-Danchenko vakareurura, mutungamiriri yemitambo, chinangwa chavo aifanira kusangana Gorky uye ofunga kuti anyore mutambo. Vakaita izvozvo. The chaizvo munhoroondo "The Lower pakadzika" Gorky sehofisi nhangaruvanze yekunyora uye vamwe zvidimbu. Izvi anozivikanwa chigadzirwa akadai "vaFiristia" uye "Dachniki". Nemhaka kunyengetedza pakati vemifananidzo, Bamba Gorky akazarura mumwe munyori wemitambo.

Kushanda zvidimbu

zvidimbu zvitatu zvakanyorwa anenge panguva imwe chete. Nechekare manyoro "avaFirisitia" zvakapfuudzwa muna 1901 pedyo yemitambo. Nhoroondo "The Lower pakadzika" Gorky akanga akaoma. Thread refu vasingagoni kumira kunyange chimwe rokuremekedza. nzira "Doss imba" kunge vakaedza, "Pasina Sun", "Musana". Asi chokwadi kuti kuva kutamba, Gorky haana mubvunzo. Aida kutakura chigadzirwa ichi kunyanya kune vanhu vaya anoratidzwa vagari imwe doss imba varombo; asi kudzidza uye kuverenga. Zvisinei, kushanda kusawirirana: panoti pano makore anenge makumi maviri pakuongorora reupenyu, tsika uye mashoko "vanhu zvekare".

Nhoroondo "The Lower dzakadzika" Gorky, kana Ayakaita

Nechekare "vaFiristia" Ini ndakaita yakawanda ruzha. Kusenza vakaedza tsvina kunyanya caustic nzvimbo vaifanira kubvumira. Mutambo yakatanga vakakurira muSt Petersburg, apo chakakandirwa of Moscow Art Theater akaenda rwavakaita muna March 1902. Panguva nemapfekero edzesero horo yakanga yakazara vasori nguo rehurumende, akanga amire pamberi bhiza gendarmerie. Stanislavsky pamusoro chinosekesa ichi, kurovedza kwakadaro zvikuru kunoenderana vakawanda hondo pane edzesero. hype akadaro hurumende chete vakakuchidzira ruzhinji kufarira munyori wemitambo-debutant. Naizvozvo, mupanda raingoreva vakatongerwa kubudirira.

kugadzirwa

Nhoroondo "The Lower pakadzika" Gorky akanga rakapfupika zvikuru kupfuura nzira chinofamba kurutivi Fafitera. Zvakatora mwedzi 18 studding zvikumbaridzo zvakasiyana siyana kutyora yechikoro kusenza asati apa kugutsurira kusvikira pakuvira, asi chete pachikuva of Moscow Art Theater. Maererano zvenhoroondo dzekare, azviita nekuti iye aiva nechokwadi kukundikana kutamba. Zvisinei, hurumende kumbokanganwa kuti nyika iri achikura echimurenga mamiriro ezvinhu. 1905 aingova vhuu. Kubudirira mutambo wakanga nzeve, uye izvi hazvigoni chete akatisiyira chakakandirwa kumhurwa. To mabhanan'ana kuombera Gorky vakadamwa pamupikicha gumi nguva. Munyori yakanga yakanyongana, haana kutarisira kubwinya kwakadaro. Kubvira ipapo, basa Gorky kuti "The Lower dzakadzika" panguva Moscow Art Theater zviziviswe kwemakore 60 (kusvikira December 1962) kuisa 1451 nguva.