Ndechipi nhuta mu kemisitiri? Kutsunga uye Masvomhu

With rokuti "nhuta" achitarisana mudzidzi mumwe uyo anotanga kudzidza kemisitiri. With pfungwa zvikuru kunzwisisa, akadai matadza gobvu, matadza wevasungwa, molarity solvent zvakaoma kunzwisisa, asingazivi chii nhuta. Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti nhuta - mumwe pfungwa kemisitiri inokosha. Matambudziko akawanda hazvigoni kugadziriswa pasina kuziva uwandu moles.

tsananguro

Saka chii chiri nhuta mu kemisitiri? Tsanangudzo kupa iri nyore; icho chairema umo akaratidza chitsama nefuma ndechimwe SI dzakabatana. Kutsunga chii Chidembo ari kemisitiri, uye rinogona akagadzira sezvinotevera: 1 nhuta kwakafanana yaizvozvo ane pfuma yaiva sezvo STRUCTURAL tudonhwe 12 g kabhoni-12.

It Vakawana kuti 12 g isotope maatomu ine mari iyi dziwande akaenzana Avogadro rusingaperi.

Kwakatangira pfungwa

Vashoma kunzwisisa kuti nhuta kemisitiri kushandisa tsanangudzo, funga nhoroondo pfungwa iyi. Semashandisirwo arinonyanya kunzwisiswa, shoko rokuti "nhuta" wakatangwa nokuda kemisiti wokuGermany Wilhelm Oswald, uyo akahwina Mubayiro muna 1909. Zviri pachena shoko "nhuta" anowana kubva pashoko "Morekuru".

Interesting chokwadi - asi Avogadro pfungwa kuti pasi chete ezvinhu ari chete zvemaBhaibheri magasi akasiyana raiva zvakafanana nefuma akaiswa mberi refu asati Oswald, uye kugara yacho dzaona Avogadro mukuvamba XIX remakore. Kureva, kunyange zvazvo pfungwa "moles" uye hakuna, pfungwa nhamba zvinhu kare raiva.

chikuru fomura

Huwandu nefuma zvakasiyana, zvichienderana Data dambudziko. Iyi mhando ndiyo inonyanya payakavakirwa umo ukoshi ichi kunoratidzwa nhamba kuti matadza vakawanda uremu:

n = m / M

Zvinonzi kuwanda kwenyaya - kukosha chirungiso. Kureva kuti ngaaverenge kukosha uwandu ichi nokuda musanganiswa, zvakakodzera kutanga huwandu fuma mumwe nomumwe zvinhu zvayo uye achiwedzera kwavari.

Chimwe yemaitiro rinoshandiswa kana anozivikanwa kwazvo nezvimedu:

n = N / N _munhu

Kana dambudziko kunoratidza kuti kwacho kunoitika pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, unogona kushandisa inotevera mutemo pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, chero gasi inoremekedzwa kuti invariant vhoriyamu - 22.4 litres. Zvadaro unogona kushandisa inotevera okuti:

NV / V _M

Huwandu fuma chinomiririrwa Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:

n = PV / (RT)

Achiziva kuti nhuta iri kemisitiri uye zvinokosha payakavakirwa nokuda kuziva uwandu moles yamarudzi, zvinoita kuti tikwanise kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda zvikuru nokukurumidza. Kana uchiziva uwandu zvinhu unogona kuwana mukanyiwa, vhoriyamu, arambe achirema, uye dzimwe parameters.