Nature of Perm nharaunda. Zvinomera nemhuka Perm nharaunda

Perm dunhu - nyika zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa, taiga dondo, yevedza makomo, mumipata, nomumapako, nokutsanya inoyerera nzizi uye pristine madhamu. Heino zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshamisa vaiongorora zvakaita nyika, vakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki nemhuka. Nature of Perm nharaunda, nemamwe tsika nharaunda akakwezva vashanyi kubva munguva dzekare.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Kusvikira pakutanga XVIII remakore, nharaunda, yaisanganisira zvakawanda nyika kwakatangira mashoko Kama kusvika Ural gomo siyana kumadokero nokumabvazuva, uye kubva okumusoro kunosvika kuna Pechora River kuchamhembe kurwizi Chusovaya kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba, yainzi Great Perm.

Wokutanga uyo akaratidza kufarira munyika ino huru, vaiva vatengesi Novgorod. Muzana XIV remakore vaiva vorongerwa, pamuuyo izvi tisingakanganisi Muscovy. Pashure chikuru uto danidziro Prince Ivan III muna 1472 zvakava wokutanga Great Perm Territory ari Urals, iyo nokusingaperi akava chikamu Russian wehurumende. Kukurumidza kukura Perm nharaunda segwapa iyi inokosha chiitiko. Pane kukura misha Russian. Kuitwa munyika itsva vakawedzera yekudyidzana kusvika pakati XVI remakore, kana rakachengetedzwa vatengesi uye maindasitiri Stroganoff.

Kusiyana zviwanikwa uye yezvakaita Perm nharaunda akakwezva kugara itsva. Ndizvo nhasi imwe Russia guru maindasitiri kumatunhu ane zvetsika nhaka chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa zviri.

Pamharadzano dzenzira kuti Europe uye Asia

Nharaunda, riri panosangana zvikamu zviviri nyika, rinotaura anenge mumwe-namashanu Ural dunhu zvoupfumi. The nzvimbo mundima yayo muna Kama mumudziyo, rinopa chaiyo hurongwa mugero kuburikidza kuwana mumakungwa shanu - White, reBaltic, reCaspian, Black uye Azov.

Flora uye fauna of

A mhando "kwekumaodzanyemba" nzvimbo yacho nharaunda kukanganiswa paumbwe kasvisto ayo uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Mhuka Perm nharaunda dzinowanzotsigi- anomiririrwa zvinowanzoitika mhando European. Zviri musha anenge 60 mhando mhuka, anopfuura 40 mhando hove, 270 eshiri, uyewo wandei mhando nezvinokambaira uye amphibians. Pazvikara inonyanya the marten, pane makava, dzomusango, mapere, wolverines, chamatebwe, stoats. Meet pano Stony, mabheya uye yokuSpain.

Wakakwanisa chishoma uye kuzvidzivirira vanhuwo tyoni, muskrat, mink.

Nharaunda kuzhinji madziva, nzizi, anezvimiti, vashoma floodplains, masango. Mumasango nevakawanda Grouse, capercaillie, chickadees, crossbill, Grouse. Of shiri dzinotama akawana blackbirds, Inomedza, starlings.

Nemiti kuri siyana chaizvo. It dzinosiyana zvichienderana mumaruwa mudunhu. Vakawanda miriwo Perm nharaunda - vanoondoroka, spruce, larch, misipuresi, misidhari mupaini. Vanoumba yose penzvimbo taiga amutambanudzira kwemazana makiromita.

Kumaodzanyemba Munzvimbo zvabatanidzwa Deciduous uye masango coniferous. Apa pane miti yakafara-leaved akadai pomuouki, elm, elm.

Kuchamhembe, uye pane zvakawanda machakwi nzvimbo pakati mudunhu. Mujinga ari Ural makomo akafukidzwa mupaini dondo. The yokunyanyisa kwakadziva kumabvazuva munzvimbo - dombo kurumniki uye murombo achinaya mvura.

Muna Perm nharaunda inokura pamusoro 130 emaruva zvinomera, izvo pasi pehurumende kudzivirira. maviri hunhu hwemunhu uye vanoverengeka hunhu Matura riri Kama mudunhu. Flora uye fauna of mupendero anopiwa yakawanda achiteerera.

The kukura kwevanhu kukanganisa yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza kunotungamirira vasanyanye nenhamba mhuka dzakawanda isingawanzowanikwi uye miti, kusvikira kusabatana vanhu uye kunyange kunyangarika wandei rudzi rakakwana. Izvi zvikuru yakagadzirwa pamutemo gwaro sezvo Red Book of Perm nharaunda, ane rondedzero anozivikanwa zvinokonzera kwokushatirwa, funga chinokuvadza uye wandei matanho kudzorera vanhu.

Kusiyana mupendero

Pasinei urbanization, the Great Perm uye nhasi, pane mweya kare. Enough kuratidza zvisaririra zviri Kutama Great, nhaka mapurani yekare, migodhi uye metallurgia budiriro, ngano, zvisikwa nemhuka sokunge kwakabatana pamwechete.

Perm Region ane mukana mukuru siyana ushanyi zvisinei mwaka. Izvi zvakabatsira chaizvo uye nenzvimbo nzvimbo yacho. Vanhu vari kusiyana-siyana kwakaita nharaunda, nhoroondo anonakidza, uye, chokwadi, nemamwe Zvivako kuti kusika chaiye ari Perm nharaunda. Photo yakasiyana nharaunda, zvinonakidza uye zvinoshamisa nzvimbo kurega ruchiri kukangaidza runako kwayo unoshamisa.

On mundima nharaunda yaiva 325 zvikurukuru akadzivirira nzvimbo pasi chaiyo kudzivirirwa. Ichi nhoroondo uye zviwanikwa hurongwa, dzinongoitika Zvivako nevamwe. Pakati pavo pane zviviri kuti ndiwo mamiriro matura batana kukosha. Izvi "Vishera" uye "Basegi".

The zvinokosha Zvivako yezvakaita ari Perm nharaunda anounzwa Cherdyn muruwa. Vakawanda vavo uye BOLSHSOSNOVKIY, Solikamsk, Chusovoy, Krasnovishersk nharaunda.

Natural Zvivako uye zviwanikwa nzvimbo remunharaunda kukosha unopinza rakakamurwa marudzi anotevera:

• nzvimbo (matombo White Moss Vetlan uye Govorlivy ibwe, Stone Town)
• Geological (uye Gubakhinsky Orda bako)
• hydrological (Ermakov chitubu)
• botanical uye zoological (Zyukaysky breakage, Veslyansky Boron Heath)
• Historical uye zviwanikwa zvivako (Kungurskaya mubako, Count uye Kuva kutamba zvavo vachinamira tsine).

Vose vari pandandanda kuchengetedzwa zvinhu.

guta ibwe

Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira uye rakasiyana dzinongoitika Zvivako vakazivisa Stone Town. The kujairika kunaka chaitika yekare Ural wemakomo eJudhiya, rinozivikanwa Rudyansky nziyo, unogona kuonekwa dzemisha uye Shumikhinsky Usva. Ridge anotarisa kufanana elongated muhomba anenge 19 km refu. Mumwe nenhongonya aro Stone Town. zita iri yakapiwa vashanyi. For veko nayo nenjiva. Stone Town anowanzotanga anonziwo murwi naDhiyabhorosi.

Noshamisa dombo outcrops zvakasikwa Monument vakaumba tambo corridors uye tiers pachikomo musango. Ivo kusika pfungwa muguta, pamwe yakamanikana migwagwa uye yakafara nzira, deadlocks. Maererano neimwe shanduro, vakabayiwa nomumwe yorwizi yekare. Uye mumwe ngano zhinji inoti kamwe raiva guta anoshamisa, zvinoshamisa runako vasingagoni chete kuona mwanasikana bofu amambo. Rimwe zuva mumwe muroyi chakaipa aida kuporesa muchindakadzi. King akabvuma, asi panguva chaiyo apo wake aiona akadzoka, guta sebwe.

Natural Zvivako zviri Perm nharaunda iri pedyo ravarwi Usva hakugumiri Stone Town. Uyewo munokosha kushanyira akakurumbira Usvinskie mbiru nemapako Sukhoi Log.

Usvinskie Columns

Unique mbiru ibwe, akatambanudza anoverengeka makiromita musi Usva River, vaiona mumwe anokwezva nzvimbo dzokugara kurudyi. Izvi hondo huru amabwe, yakavakwa reraimu. On mbiru dzayo imprints matombo ekorari nokure ekare uye dzimwe zvisaririra rinonyatsoratidza kuti mamiriyoni emakore apfuura, paiva gungwa.

Unique dombo idzodzo Dziine mumapako, nemakomba. Vamwe vavo, sezvinoita cavern Stolbovoy, kare akashanda utiziro vanhu.

Kufanana magineti kuti vashanyi dombo, zita remadunhurirwa kwaDhiyabhorosi Thumb. Chimiro nezvinangwa zvaro kukura vari zvinoshamisa. An siyana 70 mita mukuru chikomo inoitwa musi "nemakumbo" mutete. Aifunga kuti mukuratidza ayo inaccessibility uye rusununguko. Uyu ndiwo mumwe kufarira nzvimbo vaikwira iyi.

Orda bako

In mudumbu gomo Kazakovsky, hamvuropu Kungur rwizi wakarebesa munyika yacho pemvura mubako uye yechipiri wakarebesa muna Eurasia - Orda Cave. Pamusoro pemvura gomo, zvakawanda sezvinoita chikomo, pane sinkholes guru, rimwe riri pamusuo ichi nzvimbo maloprimetny mhuka.

Inyika guru gypsum bako. Inoitwa Yaunoti "pakaoma" (300 m) uye pasi pemvura (4600 m) kunze. Maberere aro marefu, yakachena yakadzika makungwa, mapako dzakawanda dzave Akaongorora ne speleologists. Orda bako inowanzonzi nezvavo savakuru Mecca Cave siyana.

Kungur bako

Uyu ndomumwe yakakurumbira Zvivako zvakasikwa zviri nharaunda, rakamiswa pamusoro rworudyi kumahombekombe Sylva. In risingazivikanwi pakadzika Kungur bako nokusingaperi anotonga Ural chando. Kunyange mumazuva inopisa zhizha pazviri anoramba ayo nechando kushongedzwa pevhu mumapako kunokwana chaihwo microclimate. Charming muridzi acho uye chando - mugumisiro basa asingaoneki dzemvura, zvisingaperi zviuru akawanda. Huge in uye tunnels Ice Mountain interconnected tambo corridors. The Kureba yose kosi yacho - 5700 mamita. It ane 70 madhamu uye 58 mumapako. Vamwe pevhu Makamuri bako rine nekukwirira 20 metres kusvika dhayamita anosvika 100 metres. Mapako akawanda vari kwazvo yakashongedzwa chando crystals, stalactites uye stalagmites. The yakaisvonaka kushongedzwa anozvikudza Diamond uye Polar grottos.

Zano rokutanga rakasiyana Geological Monument kwakaitika XVIII remakore cartographer S. Remezov pamwe vagari vemo, vakanga vari vatungamiriri kuti nyota kujairika ushingi wokutanga. Akanga kukwana uye kakawanda achinja. Zvino vashanyi vakapakata 1.5 makiromita pamusoro pevhu maberere.

Kungur bako inosiya chaizvo asingakanganwiki zvakaitika panguva dzose. Ndiwo mumwe chakajeka zvisikwa Nature, wakasika chete echando uye mvura.

Vetlan-ibwe

Nature of Perm nharaunda uye zvakasikwa rakasiyana Monument sezvo Vetlan ibwe, riri pamusoro rwizi Vishera. chinhu ichi chinomiririra kungoitira mawere hurongwa anomuitira pagungano kukwira pamusoro 1750 mamita.

Kumusoro Vetlan-ibwe iri nezvakataurwa uriri, izvo anozarura maziso rakasiyana Panorama of kusingaperi Vistas. Kune Kazhinji vashanyi kufamba Vishera.

Vishera chengetedza

Reserve, avete kuchamhembe-nechokumabvazuva Krasnovishersky woruwa, vaiona nzvimbo yakaisvonaka pamusoro kuNorthern Urals. Heano chepamusorosoro yepamusoro nharaunda - Tulymsky Kamen (1469.8 m), picturesque gomo yemakomo Larch, Isher, isa-Tumpen, munyengetero basa uye vamwe vazhinji. Kubva nenhongonya yavo maonero makuru, uye pamusoro mujinga hunkering madhamu gomo nekristaro mvura yakachena. On Reserve aibuda gomo nzizi Small uye Big Capelin, Vishera, Niols River pamwe shoals uye Mangondo, akanaka nemapopoma.

Pano, panzvimbo yayo pristine runako akachengetedzwa masango uye nzvimbo inogarwa kurums, ibwe vakadonha, pova ibwe makungwa nenzizi. Mhuka pano nevakawanda Sable, Elk, bheya, Beaver, the marten, Beaver uye vamwe vakawanda. The kuchengeterwa pane anenge 150 rudzi mikobionta (lichen), 100. chikwindi mhando, 500 - vascular zvirimwa. Kuchengetedzeka kwavo uye nhoroondo yave zvikuru zvakasikwa Red Book of Perm nharaunda, yakatsaurirwa kuna zvisingawanzoitiki mungozi zvinomera, shiri nemhuka chete Kama. Her mazita zvinosanganisira whooper nejichidza, Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi, chinyamudzura, Merlin, Rock Ptarmigan, zizi uye vamwe vakawanda.

The kuchengeterwa hazvina rakasiyana akajekerwa Urals - nzvimbo convergence nzvimbo Watershed enzizi matatu makuru - the Volga, Ob uye Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi - nzvimbo wemakomo eJudhiya, achifumira pakati yakakura expanses pakati taiga pamusoro kumadokero Spurs ari Ural gomo siyana. Mumazuva akare zvakanga mumwe, nhasi inoitwa matatu akasiyana nenhongonya - North, South uye Middle Baseg. Masango munharaunda yavo achirova nokuda kwayo pristine runako. Izvi zvinoreva chinhu pamusoro taiga zvinhu zvipenyu.

Baseg paavhareji - the yakakwirira kuchengeterwa (994 m). Pamusoro zvakajeka iziviswe materu chinjiri, akafukidzwa nemasango uye kurums. Block amabwe, kutsvedza kwavo dzakatenuka akafukidza multi-mavara lichen crustose somunhu mhando zvezviitiko mavara. A yoga yakamira matombo, buttes uye rose accumulations zvavo akafanana nhamba dzakasiyana uye mhuka.

Zita kuchengeterwa rinobva North Russian shoko "Basques", ane mutengo "akanaka." Pamusoro pamakomo kugomo-achinaya mvura bhandi, pazasi nayo ndiyo hunoshamisa subalpine paMaare. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzichiitika Mhuka kashoma of Perm nharaunda, uyewo zvisingawanzoitiki mhando zvinomera.

"Imi muri mutoro wavo yechizvarigo ..."

Hunhu akakudzwa nemabasa akawanda anozivikanwa vanyori aishanyira Kama. Cultural nzvimbo pakutanga yokupedzisira remakore ipapo yakaumbwa akapoteredza diki fekitari nemisha. Unyanzvi mamaneja takakokwa kuti vagare vaimbi, vanyori nezvimwe vakadzidza. Somuenzaniso, paiva Zvinoonekwa vomumusha Vsevolodo-Vilva kuonga philanthropist uye industrialist Savva Morozov. Pano tikagara uye vakararama panguva dzakasiyana B. L. Pasternak uye A. P. Chehov.

Handaikwanisa kubata mupendero runako uye vakashanyira Solikamsk uye Berezniki "muimbi zvakasikwa" K. G. Paustovskogo. Vakaimba izvozvo, uye vakanyora Perm nharaunda. About muzvarirwo Urals, ayo nhoroondo, tsika uye zvikuru zvakanyorwa P. P. Bazhovym. Mabasa ake sokunge mudzidziso mweya ichi chikuru, zvikuru pamupendero mufananidzo iro ichipfuura ose basa munyori.

Thumbnails uye nyaya V. P. Astafeva sevakanga azadzwa pfungwa "iwe ndivo yokumusha kwavo nokuti musha muduku kuti nyika yamunogara."

"Perm Great"

Nature of Perm nharaunda kunoshamisa. Wakajeka mumapako uye dombo kujairika, mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mawere, aumba somugumisiro mvura uye mhepo, mvura Rwako ndivo Zvivako zvakasikwa pachisikirwo pachayo.

The vachangobva kunotenderwa remunharaunda chirongwa "Great Perm" yakawanda Kumikidzo kumiririrwa chaiwo kunaka nemucheto yebhizimisi kadhi iri nharaunda. Kusiyana kwenzvimbo kunoita yakawanda tourism, kutsika okufamba asi rakasiyana nhoroondo-tsika anogutsikana a.

Chirongwa ichi ndicho Kama imwe nzvimbo nharaunda zvinosanganisira masumbu "White Mountain", "Usva", "Parma" uye "Ashatly". Theme mumapaki vakaronga batanidza kuva chete dzakawanda nzira, nokusika pamusoro nheyo "Golden Ring".

Tsime iri rakasiyana mukana kuongorora upfumi dzinongoitika, tsika uye nhoroondo tsika yacho.