Mutambo weVolga-Baltic. Kurwisana pamusoro pomugwagwa weVolga-Baltic

Matanda eEuropeti chikamu cheRussia anowanikwa mune imwe mambure, akafanirwa nekufamba nengarava nematengerwa nemidziyo, yezvikepe nemabhazi. Pakati peSt. Petersburg neMoscow pane "mahotera akapoteredza" - zvikepe zvakanaka. Chikamu ichi chinokwanisika nekuda kwekuti muna 1964 mureza weVolga-Baltic wakabatana makungwa nenzizi kuchamhembe-kumavirira kweRussia. Pakutanga, mugwagwa wainzi Mariinsky, uye muna 1964 yakava nezita rawo remazuva ano. Rwizi cruises pamwe neVolga-Baltic yakava inofadza uye yakakurumbira yevaraidzo kune vokuRussia nevashanyi vedzimwe nyika.

Mariinsky - mutungamiri weVolga-Balt

Kuedza kubatanidza mubhedha weVolga neBaltic Sea yakaitwa munguva yekutonga kwaPeter Mukuru, asi muna 1810 Mariinsky Water Network yakazarurirwa kufamba kwezvikepe. Iri basa guru re hydraulic engineers reMambo weRussia rakapiwa mubayiro wepamusoro paParis Paris Exhibition (1813). Kutanga kweMariinsky system yainzi Rybinsk, saka sangano racho rakaitwa pamwe chete neSheksna, Lake. Muchena, p. Kovzhe, iyo Mariinsky Canal, iyo yakayambuka mvura yakadzika yezvikepe zveVolga neBaltic. Ipapo iyo nzira yakaramba iri parwizi. Vytegra, iyo dziva. Onego, r. Svir, the lake. Ladoga uye rwizi. Neve. Yakareba yakareba yemugwagwa yaiva anenge 1100 km. Muna 1829 Mariinsky Way yakanga yakabatana neGungwa Dzvuku nemigero, yakagadzira nzira dzomumvura. Kugadziriswa kukuru kwegadziriro yacho kwakatanga muma1960, apo Volga-Baltic Channel yakavakwa. Mepu yemugwagwa mutsva wakapindirana mune dzimwe nzvimbo neMariinsky, asi chikamu chezvivako zvayo zveujiniya chakaramba chiripo. Mvura, iyo yakatanga kubva kuguta reCherepovets, yakaita kuti kubatana kwezvikepe zvevhiri shishanu: Baltic, White, Azov, Black uye Caspian.

Nzira yemvura pakati peVolga neBaltic

Dredging yakaitwa kunze kwenzizi Neva neSvir mushure mekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kutakura mvura. Muna 1964, panzvimbo yeiyo yaivapo makore 150 eMariinsky, mugwagwa mukuru mutsva wakatanga kushanda. Chiteshi cheGurga-Baltic chakadzika chakavakwa necheki shomanana yekipfumi kupfuura munguva ye tsarist, uye mazuva ano maitiro ekugadzirisa. Iyo engineering-hydraulic system yakatsigirwa nemagetsi matatu emagetsi emvura, mazana emadzimai evhu uye zvimwe zvivako. Iyo yakareba yakareba yemugwagwa kubva kuNeva kusvika pavanopinda muRibbinsk Reservoir yasvika 857 km. Kufambisa kwevatakuri kwakazarurwa nerwendo rweKrasnogvardeyets ngarava, iyo yakabva mumazuva ekupedzisira aJune 1964 kubva kuLeningrad kusvika ku Yaroslavl.

Nzira yemazuva ano yeVolga-Baltic

Nzira inobva kuSt. Petersburg kusvika kuguta reCherepovets inosanganisira: p. The Neva, iyo dziva. Ladoga, r. Svir, the lake. Onego, mugwagwa weVolga-Baltic, achiyambuka mvura yakadzika pakati peCaspian uye mabhasi eBaltic. Kureba kwechirongwa chekugadzira ichibatanidza Rybinsk Reservoir neOga Lake kunodarika 360 km. Musiyano muzvikamu zvekumusoro kwechekodhi yemvura ndeye 113 m, Volga imwe ndeye 13.5 m.Vhaga yeVolga-Baltic inosanganisira mizinda yakawanda yemashonga (hydrounits, mafashamo emvura, matanda), kuvakwa kwavo kwakakonzera kukwira mumvura munzvimbo mune dzimwe nzvimbo nemakumi emamita. Nhoroondo dzebhangi dzakashanduka, zvitsuwa zvitsva zvakaonekwa. Pasi payo ye Sheksna kana Cherepovets reservoir, iri munharaunda yeVologda region, pakanga pane mazamu akare eMariinsky.

Rwizi cruise - rwendo runonakidza pawachikepe, chikepe, chikepe

Kurwisana pamwe nomugwagwa weVolga-Baltic uri kufamba nechikepe cheVolga, Neva, nedzimwe nzizi, uyewo makungwa nemigero. Nzira huru ndiyo inofadza kufamba nemotokari ngarava. Mune purogiramu yemagetsi avo anoshandiswa kuitira kuti vafambi vaone zvitsva pamabhangi emvura uye zvitsuwa. Mushure mekufambisa kunofadza, vataridzi vanozorora munzvimbo dzakanaka, vanodya mumaresitorendi anopa vaenzi zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya. Ngarava dzechikepe dzinoronga nguva dzevashambadziri, pamhenderekedzo kune "green parking" (picnics, kushambira, mitambo uye zvimwe zvevaraidzo).

Zvikamu zvendima iyo iyo Volga-Baltic Waterway yakaiswa

Mepu yemugwagwa wakazara, wakapwanyika nemvura yakasununguka, haina kupa mufananidzo wakakwana wezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvemakomo. Pamabhangi anotambanudza meadows nemasango mashoma ane mapegi. Mamiriro ekuma nharaunda yacho akaenzana, asi mamiriro ayo muLake Ladoga akasiyana zvakasiyana. Pano, mhepo yekuchamhembe inogona kukonzera dutu, munaNovember vanoita mamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi ekufamba. Iyo inofamba mumugwagwa wose haina simba, iyo yakareba urefu hwemafungu emhepo ndeipi 1.5 m. Mwedzi iyo inofadza zvikuru yorwendo iJune neJuly. Zhizha riri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweRussia inodziya zvakanyanyisa, simba risina simba remhepo uye mufaro paLadoga. Inguva yeusiku hutsvene, iyo inokubvumira kuti unakidzwe nekunaka kwekumusoro kwakadzikomberedza neawa.

Pearls mu "necklace" yeVolga-Baltic Way

Ladoga nemadzimai eOgaga ndeyeboka rezvivako zvakakura zvikuru zveEurope. Mabhesheni nemavambo avo anokonzerwa nemvura, iyo yakasimuka makore anopfuura zana apfuura apfuura. Iyo yakadzika yakadzika yeLadoga inopfuura 230 m, Onega - 120 m. Pamhenderekedzo yemakungwa inoonekwa "mapfupa emakwai" - zvinonzi marombo, anotariswa nemitauro yegungwa.

Masango ane mifananidzo uye matombo anosiyana nemakungwa ejecha. Purozi uye pine zvinowanzoita, birch, aspen, elm, alder inowanikwa. Ichando inofadza neuswa hwakasvibirira, hupfumi hwemaruva nemabroji. Mhuka dzinoverenga zvizhinji zvezvipenyu zvezvinyama uye shiri, mukati mazvo mune mvura zhinji. Kunyatsonzwa mumatanda ehove yekutengesa (whitefish, perch, carp nevamwe). Ecologically yakachena lacustrine-sango nzvimbo, kure nemamigacities uye mahombekitari makuru eVolga-Baltic Canal, sekunge yakagadzirwa nokuda kwekufamba nekuvaraidza. Ladoga uye Onega havasi ivo chete maparera chaiwo muVolga-Balta mutsara. White Lake, madhimoni anobatsira kuchengetedza chimiro chekunakidzwa kwemavara. Pamabhangi pane zvikepe zvinoshandiswa zvakanaka, mapoka ekupaka, maresitorendi, nzvimbo dzekutamba uye mazororo okuzorora.

Nzira dzinofadza dzeVolgo-Baltic

Chimiro cheNorth West kumadokero kweRussian Federation chinofadza nekuona kwakanaka kwegungwa-sango, maruva nemvura. Nzvimbo dzinochengetedza nzvimbo dzinokwezva mazana ezviuru zvevatambi. Vatashanyi vanobva kuSt. Petersburg kuenda kuMoscow uye kune rumwe rutivi vachaona zviratidzo zvekare zvakapfuura mumoyo weRussia. Saka, zvakaenzana negwenga reEgipita, rakagara kare kare nemitemo-vateveri vezvidzidzo zvekutanga zvechiKristu, mamiriyoni eBerzeryeye ainzi "The Russian Thebaid."

Popular cruise destinations:

• Imwe zuva-kuenda kune chitsuwa cheValaam pedyo neLake Ladoga;
• Enda kune Kizhi Island uye Museum-Reserve;
• Kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo nechikepe paLadoga uye kuAmaiga;
• Rwendo rwakapoteredza Volga-Baltic nekushanyira guta guru reRussia nemimwe migwagwa.

Kusiyana kweVolgo-Balt

Guta nzvimbo dziri kure neSt. Petersburg kusvika kumabvazuva nechekumaodzanyemba, uye kubva kuMoscow kusvika kuchamhembe, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotsiviwa nemasango epachikomo chemasango. Pamberi pavatasvi vengarava kana yecht, zvivakwa zvekare, makona makanaka ezvisikwa, anotenderera. Munguva yorwendo iri pamwe chete neVolga-Baltic unogona kushanyira St. Petersburg nemasuwa, ona zvitsva zveMoscow, mahedheni, nzvimbo dzezvakaitika kare - Uglich, Yaroslavl nevamwe.

Nekutya kwechokwadi, vazhinji vanofamba uye vanofambira vanoenda kuchitsuwa cheValaam mumvura yeLadoga Lake, uko musha wematunhu anozivikanwa uripo . Pamusoro pemvura pamusoro peOgaga pane Kizhi Island, iyo kubwinya kwayo kwakagadzirwa nezvienzaniso zvekuvakwa kweRussia kwezana remakore rechiXVIII. Apo patinoswedera kuguta guru, mabhandi akadzikidzwa zvakanaka uye mabandi makuru echekiti anotenderera mberi, kunyura kwakanyarara kwemvura yorwizi kunonzwika mhiri kwechombo chengarava. Zvinhu zvisingambokanganwiki zvinogamuchirwa nevashanyi kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchamhembe uye nzvimbo dzakagadziriswa mumaguta eRussia muMoscow neSt. Petersburg.