Musimboti dzidziso hwevanhu

Nevamwe - mumwe mukuru dzidziso iri utariri. Zvakanga pano kuti yakatanga kufungwa yevanhu chinhu, inova chinhu chinokosha musangano. Dzidziso inokosha, kwete chete pane sayenzi management asiwo zvepfungwa. Iye une zvinhu hombe vaunganidza empirical nzira, iyo akakodzera chaizvo. Nokuti rakanyatsorongwa utariri wemuTesitamende ose munzvimbo yebasa zvakafanira vakawanda kukura huru, apo mukuru nyaya iri soulful murume ane Kusimbisa kuchengetedza, augmentation tsika uye tsika vanhu vayo.

prerequisites dzidziso

Pari, pane kuwedzera kufarira utariri sayenzi. The pamazita anoranga munzvimbo ino mumakore achangopfuura kwave kuwedzerwa yekudyidzana. Kuti nhaka ichangobva ruzivo, aunopiwa dzidziso hwevanhu pamusoro basa, unofanira kuva pfungwa kuchikoro chekare, kunzwisisa kwayo zvinozvikonzera kwouzivi mavambo, kunzwisisa pezvakaitwa kuitika uye kufurira kukura imwe nzanga.

Munguva kukura vanhu kuitike achinje pokugara vanhu, kusvikira kwakakwana kuchinja zvinhu zvose wegadziriro. okunatsiridza izvi sei zvido kunyange nyika.

Kunyange kare chikwata mabasa ane chinangwa chaicho, vaida utungamiriri hwakanaka, pakusika kudzidzisa, akadai dzidziso hwevanhu uye sangano ravo.

Izvi zvakaguma pakagadzwa yakakodzera utariri uye sangano hwokubata zvichiitika kurutivi chinangwa, mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Kunyange mumamiriro munzanga aikoshesa dzinonzi entrepreneurial Maitiro - basa, danho, kukwanisa pangozi. Special budiriro mabasa yakadaro pasi muranda hurongwa.

Panguva iyoyo, kwakanga fence kure zvokurima uye rwokugadzira vaiva vatengesi vanotengesa. Ichokwadi, zvose zvakanga aida sangano yakajeka, uwandu mari, yepamusoro kuzvidzora uye simba rokuchinja vanhu. Izvi ndizvo zvakanaka.

Dzidziso vekare

VaIjipiti vekare vakasiya tsamba, izvo kubatwa somunhu dzidziso hwevanhu, apo zvakawanda zvakataurwa pamusoro utariri.

Data ava akakodzera nhasi. "Instruction Ptahhotep" (4 zviuru. Makore akapfuura) anobudisa pfungwa yokuti musoro kukosha kwokuva kunyarara, achiteerera mashoko wacho, kwete kurega pamberi payo anofarira uye kuderedza mweya, sezvo njodzi dambudziko murume anoda kupfuura kudira kwazvo pane kuzadzisa zvakanaka sarudzo.

VaGiriki vekare havana akaramba kure nezvinetso management. Plato akataura kudiwa basa weboka uye specialization basa. Socrates akasarudza kutonga somunhu kukosha basa uye akasimbisa nzvimbo inokosha hurumende, basa, kutengeserana, varwi mumunda. Uye vaRoma vekare akatanga pfungwa zvacho, rinova sokureva dzidziso hwevanhu utariri.

Kamwe, ari mamiriro ezvinhu feudalism, chikuru Mugadziri nhumbi achava yakazvimirira Artisan uye murimi mudiki. Zvino dzakabudirira capitalism, apo zviga rusununguko inoshanda: pakagadzwa mitengo, mubayiro, basa hanya, makwikwi.

Mutsindo vamiririri hwevanhu tsanangudzo, pfungwa

rakakura kukura dzevanhu zvinhu vebasa akaita utopian Socialist. Owen R. pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna dzevanhu chinhu. Masayendisiti, Practitioners Sociological nzira kuti kukura management ari zvebhizimisi, aiva Endryu Yur. Akatoti yaitaura kushandisa michina zvebasa.

Muvambi mumagariro utariri anoonekwa chinoshamisa muzivi wokuGermany uye wenhoroondo M. Weber, akavapindurawo, yeAustria wepfungwa Freud Z. akazova muvambi wechikoro psychoanalytic nezvemagariro evanhu.

All pfungwa inotsigira dzidziso hwevanhu vari utariri, uye anoenderana dzinoshandiswa zvakasiyana siyana nhatu huru nzira:

· Kugadzirwa kupanana mabasa uye nenhumbi maererano pfuma ukama;

· Creation kwesangano;

· Development pamusoro kwegadziriro tsika.

Nemamwe mashoko - ndiko kukura vakasununguka musika ukama inobva kuenzana ari mugadziri uye mutengi, eMweya sangano panheyo akanyatsorongwa uye paumbwe dzimwe administrative tsika pamwe zvemitemo, yetsika.

Kufarira ndiye chikoro nesayenzi hwevanhu utariri dzidziso. Zviri kwegadziriro Taylor. Iye akafunga pfungwa kupatsanura kugadzira muitiro kupinda yoga zvinhu uye kuziva nzira kuita mumwe zvakanakisisa. Kushandiswa ino kwakakonzera kuti sangano itsva uye zvitsva mitoro Magavhuna. Pfungwa huru pano ari kuronga.

Nzira itsva

Pakati avo, muchivonga ivo dzidziso hwevanhu vari utariri yave vakashanduka zvinokosha, pane zvinoshamisa munhu, munhu anofunga - M. Follett Iye aifarira zvematongerwo enyika uye evanhu management. Kunyange mumakore ake vaduku Follett akashanda nomutauro wake Boston, apo akatambira pfuma ruzivo.

Pakutanga, musimboti hwevanhu dzidziso raiva gadziriro:

· Main kukurudzira vanhu - social zvinodiwa, unhu hwavo vanonzwa kana ukama nevamwe;

· Somugumisiro rationalization nokumukira pakati indasitiri - basa yava asingakwezvi, saka, murume kutsvaka kugutsikana pakugarisana nevamwe;

· Vanhu vazhinji vanofarira evanhu simba nzanga wakaenzana kwavari pane kuudzwa utariri pamwe kudzora mabasa;

• Kana mushandi anoona musoro senzira zvavanotarisira, zviri akagadzirira kupindura chido chake.

kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda

Kunotangwa Pfungwa hwevanhu uye sayenzi zvounhu akasiyana yekudyidzana kubva chikoro hwevanhu. Pfungwa itsva nzira - kuratidza mushandi wacho mano, kushandisa pfungwa sayenzi zvounhu kuvaka uye kudzora neshamwari. Kazhinji, chinangwa chikoro ichi - kuwedzera sangano kunyatsoshanda pamwero achibatsirwa nokusimudza kunyatsoshanda hwevanhu mari.

Izvozvo kusvika pamakore 60 yava dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Kufanana nevamwe, nevamwe chikoro muna utariri dzidziso, vachishandisa nzira iyi, rinoti chete zvakarurama nzira yokugadzirisa matambudziko utariri. postulates ake akataura kuti echokwadi kushanda yokuti maitiro achagara vaonekwe kubudirira nomunhu waunoshanda uye sangano rose.

Zvisinei, nzira iyi chete kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu.

American vanyori dzidziso hwevanhu vane motivational zvinoriumba

Popularity vakawana kurudziro yokuti hwevanhu dzevanhu zvekuvaka zvakanaka, iyo rakakamurwa mapoka maviri:

· Nouchapupu - kwakavakirwa kuziva zvinodiwa;

· Maitiro - yepamusorosoro, yakavakirwa vanhu maitiro panyaya Maonero avo uye cognition.

American kwepfungwa uye Economist, ndiye munyori ari motivational dzidziso (1954), A. Maslow (1908-1970) rinoshandiswa kutaura kuti pachayo haina nemhepo munhu, asi kudiwa uye ukuru kugutsikana. Uyewo, vaifanira omurume akanyatsorongwa akatonga pamusoro unmet kugutsikana. Vane mazera apasi kusvika yepamusorosoro zvinhu zvokunamata.

Maslow akakurukura pfungwa American kwepfungwa uye Economist, Professor F. Herzberg Akakurukura muna 1950, vaviri-chinhu vavariro-utsanana womuenzaniso:

· Motivation zvinoreva: zviri basa, Kubudirira, mukurumbira, mukana kuvandudza unyanzvi uye basa kukura;

· Hwemuviri zvinosanganisira: kushanda ezvinhu, mari, nhamba kutarisira ukama chikwata.

Chete waguta izvi kuchaita kuti nokuwedzera kunyatsoshanda ari mushandi.

munhu chinhu

The dzidziso hwevanhu riri humanistic, anthropocentric evanhu uye kutarisirwa sangano uye simba mentalizing zvakakwana.

Sechikamu kuti dzidziso wechikoro hwevanhu, ruchikosha nenheyo zvizere kushanda uye kugadzira vashandi kukwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko avo kwanisa multidimensional zvinodiwa, kushandisa anozvipira kuronga mashandiro, womukati kuzvidzora, humanization basa, anotokonya kwemasayendisiti kuti boka emuchina uye democratic utungamiriri.

In zvepfungwa, kuti "chinhu evanhu" rinoreva munhu, boka, munharaunda uye nzanga, runoonekwa dziri pesimba ino uye kuziva makwikwi, kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro sangano. nyika ino womukati womunhu, ake zvavanoda, mafungiro, zvido, zvakaitika, uye zvichingodaro. N. Through nzira iyi, vashandi mari hadzina sechinhu mari asi somunhu kunobatsira kuti zvinofanira kushandiswa zvakakodzera.

Dzidziso Alfred uye McClelland

In Nemuromo, sayenzi zvounhu, kuwedzera pfungwa Maslow A., vaviri dzakakurumbira zvikuru: Alfred K. (kuvapo kudiwa, kukura uye kukurukurirana) uye D. McClelland (simba, kubudirira, kubatanidzwa).

Kusiyana Alfred yokuti Maslow pfungwa:

· Movement iri vakuru vanogona kuva pasi-kumusoro, ndiEzekieri, kana asingadi zvidikanwi chemhando chechetere;

· Kuvapo misara miviri zvinowedzera mikana vavariro.

Olic pfungwa McClelland kubva Maslow: zvavanoda kwete omurume vakuru vakuru, kunyange kufurira mumwe.

Postulates MacGregor

Zvinokosha kukura dzidziso hwevanhu dzidziso akasiya MacGregor «X / Y». Postulates «X»:

· Munhu anofanira kumanikidzwa kushanda kusvikira zvirango;

· Vanhu havadi kuva mutoro, saka vanosarudza kuva pasi kutungamirirwa;

· Munhu zvishoma maturo uye kupfuura ayo kudikanwa ramangwana chokwadi zuva.

Postulates of "U":

· Munhu chokuita basa dzinokura pamwe ruzivo;

· Kana munhu akagadzirira kutanga uye kutora basa nokuda Kuzadziswa chinangwa - anoumba munhu anozvidzora uye haatarisiri kuramba zvichiongororwa, asi nokuda ichi zvakakodzera kusika ezvinhu.

Pachishandiswa «X / Y», izvi anoshorana maonero, akasika nzira mbiri dzevanhu zvekuvaka Kutarisira - autocratic uye democratic kwokukurukurirana utungamiri.

Pfungwa «X» ane zvakawanda zvakanaka. Kurt Levin, vachinzvera mupfungwa zvazvinoita nenzira kutungamirira kuti mugumisiro nyaya, yakatanga mhedziso: anomanikidza ushe inobudirira kupfuura munhu democratic chete.

Asi apo pane chinoumba diki rokusika, mavambo, ushamwari duku, pamwe murombo, undeveloped groupthink. Uyezve, pane kuratidzwa yaiparadza pamusoro zvose basa uye kuti nhengo dzeboka, pane kuzvidya mwoyo pamwe pasi maitiro.

The motivational zvinoriumba uye musimboti hwevanhu pfungwa "Y" nechinangwa kukurudzira nhengo dzechikwata kuzvinzwira actualization, iro rine ndaisagona zvinhu ivhu. kwakadaro utariri negwaro hakusi aizomupa mushandi munyika yakaoma ino, uye kusangana kupinda pabasa chikwata.

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti utariri tsika vanofanira kukurudzira mumwe chikwata nhengo kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo pachavo, pamusoro ezvinhu kuti raizova basa anobudirira zvikuru sangano.

Dzidziso uye Modernity

Mumakore nguva kuva dzidziso «Z» (munyori - University of Professor California Ouchi V.).

Western School of Management (Human Resources) kare atora chimiro. Zvinosanganisira mabasa kubudikidza Douglas J., Klein S., D. Hunt nemamwe masayendisiti. dzevanhu pfuma Pfungwa - yokungotaura kupangidza ezvinhu iyo inokosha chakaita kukwanisa kukwikwidzana mumaindasitiri dzakawanda rurefu mwero muzvigadzirwa michina iri vashandi vanokwanisa, motivational zvese, musangano siyana, uye zvimwe, chii chinoratidza kuti kunyatsoshanda vashandi.

An simba pamusoro dzevanhu pfuma, Shane E., rinotaura zvinotevera hurongwa utariri mabasa munzvimbo iyi:

· Kuongororwa basa matambudziko sangano rayo, kunyatsoongorora mudonzvo kugona, muchiuto uye nokuumba kushanda chikwata;

· Direct utariri: chiratidzo akaita zvirevo, mari incentives, chichifamba kukwira upward, kuronga basa, unyanzvi kukura;

· Kuvandudza hwesangano yakarongeka, muitiro utariri basa, budiriro uye Implementation zvinotsiva nomubayiro akakodzera;

· Forecast okunatsiridza, kudzidzisazve yevashandi, Implementation pamusoro Qualitative kuchinja basa zvakanaka.

Musimboti ano dzevanhu zvinhu utariri pfungwa iri mari iri kupinda muchiuto, kwerunyararo yokushanda okuita, kukura kwounyanzvi uye kurovedzwa, mamiriro kuti kuratidzwa deposits dzave zvemari chine musoro.

The inokosha inoti: kuongororwazve mubayiro-mushandi ari kiyi kuwana pakuburitswa, Kurambwa pfungwa kuti basa simba - ndiko chisingapembedzwi upfumi kuti hakurevi kuva mari mubhizimisi, uye nematambudziko ari sangano webasa. Human zvinhu zvinogona kuumba purofiti kumuridzi, kukosha iyo kunobva kuita, nguva uye kushanda zvakanaka kwevanhu.