Munyori Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich: biography, zvinhu zvekusika uye zvinonakidza chokwadi

Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich - munyori we satirical stories. Mabasa ake aizivikanwa zvikuru muRussia makore mashomanana zvisati zvaitika kuchinja kwezviitiko. Uye akabva akabva. Nyaya dzaakabata mumabhuku ake dzakakosha pakutanga kwezana remakore. Chii chinofadza nhasi mabasa akasika Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich?

Brief biography

Imwe nyanzvi yenyaya ino yakarondedzera zviitiko zvikuru zvehupenyu hwake mune rimwe remashoko ekutanga. Arkady Timofeevich Averchenko ndeye munyori ane mabasa anosiyaniswa nesiramende ine chiedza uye yakapinza, asi pasina satire ine utsinye. Akakwanisa kutaura nezvechidimbu chinosuruvarisa chehupenyu nekunyengera. Uchapupu hweiyi - nyaya "Autobiography."

Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich akazvarwa muSevastopol. Kubvira achiri mwana, akanga ane urombo hwakanyanya. Nemhaka yechirwere ichi, akawana dzidzo kumba. Baba vake vakanga vari vatengesi uye, maererano nezvakanyorwa nomunyori, vakapa nguva shomanana kumwanakomana wavo, nokuti ainetseka pamusoro pemubvunzo wekukurumidza kupera. Mukushambadzira kwake asina njodzi akazadzisa zvinangwa zvake.

Averchenko Jr. panguva iyo yakave chiitiko chekudzidzisa zvekudzidzisa kwevanasikana vakuru vevatengesi vakaparadzwa. Izvo, izvo zvakadaro, zvaibatsira munyori weramangwana. Pane imwe nguva apo baba vake vakarasikirwa netariro yake yokupedzisira yekuvandudza hukama hwemhuri, mwanakomana wavo akanga ari wechidiki anonyora kuverenga. Ndokusaka, pazera remakore gumi namashanu, ndakabatana nehofisi yekutakura.

Kutanga kwenzira yekusika

Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich akatanga kunyora nyaya mumakore ekushandira pamigodhi yemabwe. Pano iyewo akashanda muhofisi duku. Nzvimbo dzisina matsi, umo Averchenko akapedza makore mazhinji, inoratidzwa mumabasa ake. Vagari vemunharaunda yemuguta rekumigodha vainwa sevevecheki. Steppe scenery yeDonetsk yakagamuchirwa melancholy. Apo vatungamiri vemigodhi vakaendeswa kuKharkov, Averchenko yakafuridzirwa zvikuru zvokuti akanyora basa duku renyorwa. Mumakore maviri anotevera, munyori wechidiki akasika uye akabudisa nyaya nhatu chete.

Editorial Activity

Akafuridzirwa nekunyora kwezvinyorwa, Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich muna 1905 akawana basa muKharkov satirical magazini. Muimba yekudhinda, akagadzirisa, akagadziriswa uye akacheka makatekoni. Uye saka akatakurwa nebasa iri, kuti akabhadharwa nemubati-guru kwemakumi mashanu emabhuru.

Pasinei nokuzivikanwa pakati pevagari veKharkov, Averchenko aifanira kubva muguta rino rakanaka. Akanga asingadi kubhadhara mari yakanaka, uye haana kuwana mukana. Uye kukakavadzana mberi nehurumende kwaisava nekunzwisisa.

Satyricon

MuSt. Petersburg, basa raAverchenko rakakwira mugomo. Zvinyorwa uye nheyo dzaakabudiswa muSyyyricon zvakakurumbira zvikuru. Pasi pemagazini iyi, Averchenko akatora chikamu chinoshanda.

Satirikontsy akafadzwa nekuzivikanwa uye rusununguko rwekusika. Asi chero bedzi dai paiva nechokuita pasina kuvharidzira munyika. Muna 1917, zvinhu zvose zvakachinja. Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich akamanikidzwa kuenda kuSevastopol, ndokubva apinda zvachose.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Munyori webasa re satirical achiri nhasi chimwe chezvinhu zvisingazivikanwi mumabhuku eRussia. Nharo dziri kuitwa zvose maererano nezuva raakaberekerwa, uye chirwere, kuburikidza nechimwe chaakafira kare kare. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, hapana ruzivo rwechokwadi pamusoro pehupenyu hwemunyori. Mavara matsvene mu biography yeAverchenko akaonekwa nokuti aigara achipa mubvunzurudzo nenzira inofadza. Mukuwedzera, akange ari pane zvakanyorwa nevanyori vanorambidzwa kwenguva refu.

Arkady Averchenko akanga asinganyatsozivi zuva chaiyo rokuberekwa kwake. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, hapana chinozivikanwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu hwe satiriconer. Zvisinei, kune ruzivo pamusoro pehukama hwake neiye anonzi akadaro actress Alexandra Sadovskaya. Iyi inoveli yakanga yakareba, asi zvakadaro yakaparadzana.

Nezvekuti nei munyori asina kumbaroora, akaudza vaverengi vake munyaya "Razor muKisela". Sadovskaya aiva mudzimai ane simba uye anoshingaira. Iye munhu weplggmatic uye kwete munhu akazvigadzirisa. Vakaparadzana muna 1915. Zvinoshamisika kuti mutambikadzi aiva nevana vatatu, uye mumwe wavo akaberekwa muna 1915 - chaiyo apo, maererano nenyaya dzeAverchenko, ukama hwake naAlexandra Sadovskaya hwasvika pakunamata. Uyezve, mwanakomana wemuiti wechitambi aiita basa mukubudirira kweBlockade, uye shure kwehondo akava munyori.

Alexandra Sadovskaya haana kuudza ani nezvehukama hwake nemupepeti wemagazini Satyricon. Asi mazwi ehukama aya aripo mumabasa eAverchenko. Mune nyaya "Yakakomberedza", "Miswe yeMukadzi", "Mukadzi Wemadzimai", gamba rinosarudza kwenguva yakareba uye rinorwadza kana iri kugadzirisa zvidzidzo nemararamiro ake ehupenyu. Uye mubhuku rekupedzisira remunyori "Nhokwe yevashandi vezvigadzirwa" inoratidzwa mukadzi uyo, maererano nemutauro wekunze, anoyeuchidza Sadovskaya: ruremekedzo, rima-bvudzi, rakanaka.

Zvinginei kuti mwanakomana waSadovsky ndiye mwanakomana wemukurumbira satirist ndeyechokwadi asingazivikanwi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekufungidzira kwevanyori varo. Zvisinei, kune ruzivo rwekuti, kunyange kana iri mukutapwa, Averchenko haana kurega kufarira mugumo weaimbova mudiwa wake. Uye izvi zvisinei nokuti Alexandra Sadovskaya haasi iye oga mukadzi muhupenyu hwe satirist.

"Zviri nyore kunzwisisa mukadzi, asi zvakaoma kuzvitsanangura"

Uyu mutsara uripo mune rimwe remabasa aAverchenko. Kune vakomana vakasiyana, aigara achifarira, asi akamubata zvinyengeri. Mune basa rake, chikwata cheSt. Petersburg chakatsigira pfungwa yekusununguka kwevanhu. Kuti atakwe vafudzi, akanyatsotarisa chitarisiko chake. Ichi chiitiko dzimwe nguva chakakonzera kutsoropodza kwevamwe vashandi. Zvisinei, mumwe wevanoyemura vanyori akabvuma kana mumwe murume ane pfungwa dzakadaro uye kufara, anogona kutarisa sechinhu chipi nechipi. Kuonekwa kune munhu ane ushamwari uye anofadza hazvikoshi.

Memoirs of contemporaries

"Nhau dzekuwanazve" Arkady Timofeevich Averchenko yakabudiswa muna 1910 inoshamisa inoparadzirwa. Uye saka, munyori wacho akawana zvakanaka. Vaaishanda navo, vanoberekerwa Petersburgers, vakataura mukati maro kukwanisa kuva nemutauriri naye. Averchenko, ane mukurumbira sechikoro chakasimba, nguva dzose akarova kutaridzika kusina kunaka, pasinei nepurogiramu yepurovhesi yemapfekete.

Kuti ave nehutano hwakanaka, maererano neyekuyeuka kwekuzivana naye nevamwe vaaishanda naye, zuva rega rega aisimudza zviyero, achiimba panguva imwechete yepato kubva kune opera yakakurumbira. Nenzira, akanga asina izwi kana kunzwa sezvakaitwa mukuru satirist.

Chirwere ichi, chakamborambidza munyori wemukana wekuwana dzidzo yakazara, akayeuchidza kune imwe nyika. Arkady Timofeevich Averchenko akafa muna 1925 muPrague. Utano hwake hwakanga husingagadziriswi nezviitiko zvaifananidzira kuenda kumanikidzwa kubva kuRussia. VaBolshevik vakamubvumira zvinhu zvose: shamwari, nyika yekwavo, basa, bank account.

Averchenko uye hurumende itsva

Munyori akadana mutemo weBolshevik kutengesa kukuru kwezvose zvakanga zviri muRussia. Maonero ake, haana kutadza kuratidza mune imwe yenyaya. Kusabatana kwaive hurumende itsva nekugadzira kwayo. Averchenko Arkady Timofeevich akanyora nyore, aive anodya mune zvidzidzo uye achinyatsocherechedza. Mune nyaya dzaakaseka upenzi hwevanhu, makaro, unyengeri uye unyengeri. Asi hurumende itsva dzakanga dzisingadi kubvunzwa kwevanhu. MuBolshevik Russia, ndiye chete munyori webasa romusikana-utopian iro rairemekedza hurumende yezvekugadzirisa inogona kupona.

Makore ekupedzisira akabereka zvibereko kune munyori. Asi kusanganisa hakuna kuunza hupenyu hwake rugare rwepfungwa nekubatana. MuPrague, akanga asina nguva yemabhuku eRussia. Ndakaverenga kunyanya mapepanhau emunharaunda. Zvichida, kushuva nyika yekwenyika kwaiva nemigumisiro yakaipa pamamiriro ekufunga kwomunyori.

Averchenko akafa mugore rake makumi mana nemashanu rehupenyu. Mumakumi masere makumi masere mabasa emunyori weAn anti-Soviet Arkady Averchenko akatanga kubudiswa. Vakuru venyika pamusoro pemunyori vakarangarirwa kwemazana makumi mashanu chete mushure mekufa kwake.