Bohemian mechanical - zvakawanda pakutsunga ichi ... Zvaringana kunzwa izvozvo, uye pakarepo rinoita revatongi yemichato uye clink ekuverengesa. Rudzii ndiro unogona here kudana ichi izwi uye sei rakasiyana nemamwe zvinhu?
History of Crystal Crafts
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ano girazi mu Europe kunotanga yokutanga yezana nemanomwe remakore. Panguva ino netsaona zvikazikamwa kuti panguva imwe musimboti, kubudiswa hwindo anova segirazi. Uyu sei itsva yepamusoro mureza - tenzi yose Europe vakanga vachiedza kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo translucent uye kutamba muzuva. Papera chinguva, chepakutanga payakavakirwa yagadzirwa yokuti yakanyungudutswa girazi mu imwe mari yakawedzerwa vatungamirire oxide. Pfungwa yokuti itsva yekudyidzana kushandura zvechadenga rakapera zvigadzirwa. Crystal makorari nyore, apo faceted chigadzirwa hunowedzera yakanaka.
Bohemian nekrisitaro *; nhoroondo Czech glassmakers
Glass raanoziva - mumwe mukuru uye vanoremekedzwa zvikuru muna Europe uye ounyanzvi. Chokwadika, vanatenzi vake uye okudhindira vaiva munyika dzose European, asi kuonga akakurumbira kupfuura iwe ichi weBohemia uye Venice. Murano girazi (akatumidza nzvimbo inoshandiswa - chitsuwa Murano) iri kuzivikanwa kwayo runako, pachena uye dzakasiyana-siyana ruvara migumisiro. tsika iyi vose Venice vanatenzi mu girazi-ichivhuvhuta. Asi kare muna XIII remakore muBohemia (nhoroondo munharaunda Czech Republic) vaiva vakakodzera dzomuzana kuItaly Girazi omunzvimbo kugadzirwa. Nhasi, Bohemian rekristaro nemagirazi iri inoremekedzwa nokuda kwayo unoshamisa pachena. Asi unyanzvi kuti anogona kuita unhu zvigadzirwa, kutanga vawana zita tenzi, vaigara uye vaishanda muBohemia.
zvokukura kugadzirwa
Kunyange nhasi, munguva zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi, Bohemian sekiristaro kunoonekwa sechinhu muumbozha nechiidzo chaiwo manakiro muridzi. Asi nei muchiso ichi inoremekedzwa zvakadaro? Times apo vatenzi vairambidzwa kuudza kunyange hama dzavo chero chokwadi chokuita kugadzirwa, papfuura. Nhasi, mafekitari zhinji muBohemia vanopedza yokufaranuka yenzendo uye tichaedza kunzwisisa sei akaita kunozivikanwa sekristaro negirazi. Chikamu chokutanga kugadzirwa - yakatsvuka zvinhu uye zvinonyauka nomukondombera zvigadzirwa. Next, kunoguma preform akaiswa pfupa nyoro muforoma. Danho rechitatu - mumwe kunakidza - a kukuya uye vakatema rinoonekera. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa delicacy kwebasa: munguva iyo zvinhu zvinogona kurapwa, hupfupi. Kazhinji, kana tenzi anoshandisa preformed gadzira. Danho rinotevera - kusikwa reliefs uye gilding. Uye ndicho chinhu chokupedzisira kunoitwa makorari Finished chigadzirwa. Bohemian mechanical kunoongwa kwete chete nokuda kworunako kwayo asiwo unhu. zvigadzirwa zvose vari kuedzwa uye kuvapo kuchangotanga yokuroorana asingadi kuenda zvitoro uye zvishandiswezve. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nhasi, girazi uye rekristaro muBohemia noruoko-yakaitwa uye anokosha zvoga mitsetse mune tsika zvemichina.
Crystal kana girazi?
Unoziva kuti nei ichi vhasi rekristaro, uye girazi, saka akafanana naye - girazi? Zvinhu zviviri vari vakawana kubva zvinhu mbishi dzinosiyana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana girazi kubva 6 kusvika 36% kutungamirira oxide, unganzi sekristaro. International unhu mitemo - 24%. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kunokonzera chikamu vatungamirire kugutsikana, nani sekristaro. Elite uye yepamusoro zvigadzirwa vari, chikamu iyo mufananidzo uyu kwazvo 30% chiratidzo. Bohemian mechanical (mufananidzo unogona kuona munyaya ino) vanofanira kuva mhepo matema uye zvimwe inclusions. The chigadzirwa anofanira noruvara yakajeka uye ikapenya munzvimbo dzose, pasina dzisavhiringidza.
unhu zviratidzi
How kusarudza nekristaro uye kudzivisa zvikanganiso kana kutenga? Traditional girazi musimboti Check - zvakarurama gogodzai penzura kana zvimwe chinhu pamusoro girazi pamupendero kana Salad mbiya. Wose uye unhu chigadzirwa achapindura inzwi inofadza. Munogonawo kana kutenga sekristaro vaongo- - vachidzipukuta nyoro munwe wake. Original uye unhu chigadzirwa kuchaita emit inofadza inzwi, asi vanhuwo girazi nevamwe analogs "kunyarara." ndiro All yakabereka muBohemia, rine "rakasimba" musono - nechepasi ane girazi hunde. Magirazi uye Bohemian sekristaro tumabhodhoro netumidziyo (ruva) vane zvakakurumbira pasi.
How zvikuru midziyo yakadai uye decoration zvinhu?
Munguva Soviet, chero sekristaro kwainzi chiratidzo upfumi, ose kuzvipira pamusoro hositesi aifanira pamba ndiro akadaro. mazororo All uye chiitiko Rinobatanidzwa ne melodic chime ekuverengesa yemavara ichi. Uye hazvishamisi kuti sekristaro anoonekwa chiratidzo kuravidza uye upfumi: unhu uye runako chaizvoizvo kubhadhara. Paavhareji, boka ekuverengesa zvinogona kutengwa nemari 3000-4000 rubles, uye chero chete chinhu kushumira mid-ukuru kana decoration mukati kushongedzwa - nokuti 2000-3000 rubles. Chokwadi, tiri kutaura pamusoro zvigadzirwa fekitari kugadzirwa. Manual basa ndewe nguva zhinji anodhura. Crystal glassware haaiti zera, asi chete anowana kunyange nani makore yapfuura. Saizvozvowo, antiikki mazambiringa zvihwitsi Bohemian sekristaro hungada uwane. Kazhinji izvi musha midziyo uye nemidziyo vanotengeswa panguva okisheni. Zvakaratidza kuti sekristaro - hazvisi chete tafura chanaka zvokunyaradza design, asiwo inokosha inivhesitimendi.