"Mriya" AN-225. Reviews, nokurondedzerwa, mapikicha. Heavy senga ndege

Airliner An-225 "Mriya", izvo dziri pasi photo, unonyanya rinorema-basa ndege zvose nokusingaperi nendege mudenga. The kupfuura ayo yasimuka uremu akaenzana matani 640. Kusika muenzaniso kwakakonzerwa kudiwa avake mhepo nezvifambiso zvinosvika zvinodiwa chirongwa reusable Soviet chitundumusere-musere "Buran". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva ndege, pane kopi imwe chete. Zvose izvi uye zvimwe ichakurukurwa zvizere pazasi.

Order kugadzira

In pakati 1988 Soviet Union, hurumende akagadza Design Antonov Bureau kutanga basa uye kuvaka ndege itsva. Huru chinodiwa, rakanga kuisa mberi kwaari, achakwanisa kutakura chitundumusere-musere "Buran". Mukuwedzera, ndege zvichiitirwa kushandiswa mune basa iri sezvo chokufambisa ndege, izvo zvingava zvakafanira kwaari kuita kutakurwa guru zvokushandisa mafuta, kuvaka uye migodhi Mazinga.

mugadzi

Kuwedzera kune dzimwe zvinodiwa zvose, pamberi vagadziri vakanga basa napo kuderedza mari ndege itsva. Uyezve, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kurerutsa nguva yaro kuvakwa. Panyaya iyi, vakasarudza kuisa magadzirirwo, uyewo dzinokosha dzakabatana uye zvinoumba mune mamwe makuru mienzaniso - the AN-124 "Ruslan". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva iyoyo zvirokwazvo chepamusoro "Best Ukrainian ndege" (mufananidzo mudziyo pazasi).

ndege yayo yokutanga liner ichi akaita pakupera 1982. Its senga zvatariswa vaiva pakati akanakisisa panyika. Unoshamisa humbowo ndechokuti pashure pakuonekwa "Ruslan" mamwe munyika Aerospace makambani makatanga vanoshingaira kunatsiridza zvavo mhepo senga mudziyo. Izvi zvinoshandawo vokuAmerica kukurumidza kuvandudza chirongwa yavo "Lockheed" - C-5Mumwe "Galaxy".

The rokutanga ongororo yakaratidza kuti rinorema chokufambisa ndege musi zviratidzo zvakadai kutakura, akakwanisa kutakura constituent zvinhu hazvisi chete "Buran" maitiro, uye kunyange okisijeni uye rehydrogen matangi ari chitundumuseremusere "Energy" iri yacho mamiriro. Ukuwo, Zvaakapindura minhenga odnokilevym zvokunze chokufambisa refu zvinorema akava zvisingabviri.

kuchinja Key

Designers zvakachinja kuti "Mriya" kugadzirwa wamapapiro. Nezvokumutswa kuwedzera zvimwe zvikamu pakati kwakawedzera tichimhanya yavo. Magadzirirwo bapiro mirwi yokurwa pamusoro pylons ndiro, asi nhamba yavo yakawedzera kusvika matanhatu. Kana kukura fuselage muchinjikwa-chikamu, tichienzanisa rapfuura nadzurudzo, zvakaramba zvakadaro, zvachose kureba Hull yakawedzera. Kuitira kuderedza uremu, kwakasarudzwa pamusoro kuchaitwa nhumbi tailgate pamwe namano zvose akagadzirirwa vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa. Kuti kuwana mutoro mupanda mhino chikepe rinobuda. In yose, kuvhurika kana pakazovharwa murwere zvinotora maminitsi gumi. Kuti "Ruslan" muenzaniso yakasimbiswa shanu vakaparadzana Racks vane mapatya mavhiri, izvo zvave ikure nokuda chassis, muna An-225 vakawedzera nhamba dzavo nomwe. Empennage nokuti mukana chokufambisa kwenhumbi kunze kwemuviri Kwaiitirwa maviri-keel.

mupiro

AN-225 "Mriya" chaipiwa kuna Soviet hwepachena General Mugadziri Antonov Bureau, PV Balabuevym, November 30, 1988. Panguva iyoyowo, mainjiniya yokutanga airliner harikunguruswi kubva paungano chirimwa. Mazuva mashoma gare gare muchina achaita anofambisa zvavo zvokutanga fekitari Banga, Mhanya kureva panguva aimhanya anosvika 200 km / h, anotenderuka uye anokwira pamberi pani chassis. February 1, 1989 mu yendege "Borispol" yakatanga inoratidzwa nyanzvi vavatorwa venhau.

Wekutanga kutora-kure

Pakutanga, vagadziri vakaronga kuti debut ravo ngaatore-kure mhepo December 20, 1988. Zvisinei, nokuda zvakaipa mamiriro okunze (mhepo yakasimba uye pasi makore) Chiitiko ichi chave vambomira. Ndozvakaitawo rakatevera zuva. Pasinei neizvi, mushure run-kusvika 950 metres, igwa nyore kubva pasi uye kutanga kukwira. First liner ndege yakatora 1 awa, kwemaminitsi 14. Chinhu chikuru kuti zvaizotema kana Makontakta AN-225 "Mriya" - zvinoitwa ngarava utariri hurongwa, uyewo kururama uye rakavimbika kushanda musi-bhodhi michina. Mukuwedzera, mainjiniya vaifanira kuchenesa kunamata aerodynamic padzimwe michina. Pachishandiswa migumisiro kutiza, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvose hurongwa uye zvinoriumba kushanda zvizere maererano akaverenga mashoko. December 28, 1988 airliner akaita mumwe cheki kutiza.

zvinyorwa

Musi waMarch 22, 1989 aiva kujairika yakarongerwa ndege ndege "Mriya" (An-225). Technical unhu liner wakapiwa preconditions zvose, kuti aputse zvinoverengeka nyika zvinyorwa. In kugadzirira chiitiko ichi kuitika nyanzvi dzakawanda - testers, vagadziri, wevanamakanika, mainjiniya uye vezvikepe. Pashure pokunyatsoongorora komisheni nhumbi, ane uremu kwakanga matani 156,3, mafuta filler-makomba vakaiswa chisimbiso. Next, mudziyo pasina matambudziko akabhururuka mumhepo, uye pashure maminitsi 45 ipapo zvinobudirira yagara. Munguva iyi pfupi nguva AN-225 "Mriya" akaputsa nyika zvinyorwa 110. Previous budiriro of American "Boeing 747-400" iri zviratidzi dzakadai kunonyanyisa yasimuka uremu akanga kupfuura ne zvakawanda 104 matani. Reviews Nyanzvi akapupura kuti An-225 akamirira remangwana guru uye rakajeka.

Chokupika vavariro huru

Chero zvakanga, kuisa nyika anonyora hazvina huru chinangwa pakuvaka zvinhu zvitsva. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, ndege chinangwa rwokunze asati anofambisa nzvimbo yakaoma "Buran". ndege yake yokutanga yakadaro mutoro pamusoro liner "musana" akaita May 13, 1989, apo akapa cosmodrome "Baikonur". The vashandi, rinotungamirirwa A. Galunenkom, asingakwanisi kuziva maneuverability ari mudziyo pamwe "Buran" pamusoro puranga, uyewo kuyera mafuta zvinodyiwa uye kumhanya kutiza munyika dzakasiyana-siyana ezvinhu. Mazuva gumi pashure kuti ndege vakatakura thro kutiza pamusoro nzira "Baikonur-Kiev". The chinhambwe 2700 makiromita iyi nyaya yakanga kukunda nokuda 4 awa nemaminitsi 25. Photos makurusa ndege munyika pamwe "Buran" mungarava anopiwa pazasi.

Yokutanga vezvokutengeserana ndege

The debut zvebhizimisi kutiza An-225 akaita muna May 1990. Zvadaro airliner perevoz chinokosha tarakita "T-800" (nayo anoyera matani anopfuura 100) of kuChelyabinsk Yakutia. Mushure tikamhara yendege, pakarepo akapinda vazhinji vostorzhonnoy kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rwendo urwu aiva kure netsaona. Yakanga zvikuru kwete chete nokuda National upfumi, sezvo akatapa chinangwa ongororo mano chokufambisa ndege mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakadaro, zvose kweArctic. Maererano migumisiro vagadziri yakaitwa inoverengeka anobatsira zvidzidzo uye vafunga zvinokosha.

Key Features

Mumwe mukuru zvakanakira "Mriya" ndege (AN-225) - zvekushandisa nokurondedzerwa, ndege Data. The liner iri vakapakata nhanhatu turbojet michini, makatumidzwa D-18T. Kurema neimwe akapfuudza mucherechedzo matani mana. Zvavo zvachose vaise vakaenzana 1377 kN, izvo zvisati zvamboitika kuti ukoshi ichi. Panguva zvinokubatai-kure, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane goho, inova 12 500 horsepower. Mapapiro ari ndege ndiyo 88,4 metres, nepo nzvimbo - 905 akaenzana mamita. Kana ukuru, kureba uye kureba akaenzana 84 18.1 metres, ukuwo.

AN-225 cruising nokukurumidza iri pana kumativi 850 km / h. Kunopiwa renguva vazadze mafuta Matangi mudziyo anokwanisa kukurira zviuru 15 makiromita mune chinhu ezvinhu, uye 4,5 zviuru makiromita ane kunonyanyisa mutoro. Payload airliner aiva matani 250. Panguva iyoyowo anokwanisa kuita Flights kuti kukwira pamusoro 11.000 mamita. Panyaya zvinodiwa kuti runway, kureba kwayo kunofanira kuva shoma 3 makiromita. The mafuta kudyiwa muchina kwava 16 matani paawa (kuzvitutumadza kushanda panguva cruising nokukurumidza uye azere mutoro).

mikana

The ndege inokwanisa zvakananga intra zvokufambisa nhumbi, ane uremu iri matani 200, uye intercontinental yokufambisa netsapo anosvika 150 matani. Kunze pamusoro ndege fuselage anogona kutakura kura zvinhu vanoyera matani 200. Nhumbi mupanda ndiye An-225 rakanyatsojeka yakakura. Zvikurukuru, pasina matambudziko mukati fuselage 16 ndege yamura yezvisikwa midziyo hadde-10 (10 matani), 50 Monocargo mota kana matani 200 (marori, emagetsi, turbines, etc.). Nokuti vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa yose muenzaniso vakagadzirira pamwe yose kunzwisisa, izvo zvinosanganisira ina vachisimudza mashandiro akatakura inokwana matani mashanu. Mukuwedzera, muchikepe vagadziri zvakapa winches maviri.

vashandi

Kudzora ndege An-225 "Mriya" iri kuitwa vaunoshanda randinogara vanhu vatanhatu. Kuti zviite kuwana nzvimbo yemutekenyi, chigaro wokutanga uye chechipiri vatyairi vari nepokuongorora rose maitiro yemirau uye vanokwanisa tenderera. Shure wavo pabasa nyanzvi mune wekushandisa uye kukurukura. Right ari nzvimbo yemutekenyi zvigaro dziri pamusoro-bhodhi mainjiniya. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzvimbo akagovera negadziriro yeparutivi vashandi mukati ndege. The tenzi kabhini iri akashongedzerwa nehama dzinokwana zvigaro matanhatu, uye yechipiri - gumi. Kuti tive mukuru vashandi kuti muchina uyu, mumwe mutyairi wendege anofanira ruzivo management muenzaniso An-124 "Ruslan", zvinosanganisira haana asingasviki namashanu.

Avionics

In avionics Model AN-225 "Mriya" rinosanganisira otomatiki ndege kudzora hurongwa kuita, uye kuratidzira pamwe simba mepu. Panyaya iyi, yemagetsi monitors, yakaitirwa kuti zvemagetsi kuzvidzora, hatisi. Nasal mupanda iri huviri dielectric mapazi. Vari zvakagadzirirwa kuitira kudzivirira chenyika radar navigation, Radar uye ramangwana hurongwa. In basa kuchengeterwa zviumbu pano ndivo indekisi kwayo uye mafungiro chakarurama. Mukuwedzera, mberi ane chinzvimbo chokukomborerwa mafuta levers, zviratidzo aitambanudza propulsion, Kutsauka sensors yasimuka uye kumhara namano uye masimba hukawanika.

kuberekwazve

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, ndege pakukura munyika havana aida. Muna 1994, ndege dzayo dzakanga kwakaregwa. Uyezve, Motors nezvimwewo naye zvachose vakatorwa kuti mberi kushandisa mu "Ruslan". Chero zvakanga, nerimwe gore zvakawanda faniro Project nokumutswa vanoda "Mriya": guru ndege nevamwe vagadziri vaitungamirira vave kukwanisa kubata mabasa akanga chete AN-225 womuenzaniso. Somugumisiro, vagadziri kunge dzakachinja liner kuitira pokuita waro huripo zvaanoda kwevagari avhiyesheni.

"Mriya" ndiyo rokuberekwa May 7, 2001 wechipiri. Yakanga, pashure dzakatevedzana Zara, vachichinjana uye bvunzo liner akamuka zvakare mumhepo. On bhodhi kwakaratidzwa pamwe chiratidzo muUri-82060 uye vashandi vemo inotungamirwa mutyairi AV Galunenko. Machine vachengeterwe anenge gumi nemashanu maminitsi mumhepo, uye ipapo yagara zvakanaka. Chivabvu 23, 2011 mudziyo Akagamuchira zvitupa zvose zvakafanira, kusanganisira dzakawanda. Rinogona kushandiswa zvebhizimisi chokufambisa nhumbi.

kopi chechipiri

Kubva pakutanga pakuvaka AN-225 "Mriya" akanga akaronga kuti pave makopi maviri nayo. Pasinei neizvi, muchina wechipiri rapera uye haana. Chikonzero ichi chaiva kushaya zvakakodzera mari nechirongwa. Pari, iye ari mundima Antonov fekitari. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira zvachose mwero ayo kuda 70 muzana. More zvakananga, sezvo Soviet yaitonga aiva fuselage, rimwe bapiro uye pakati chikamu. Maererano vagadziri, kupedzisa muchina uyu ingangodaro, asi zvinotora mari, yakaenzana vanenge mamiriyoni 150 US emadhora. Izvi zvinogoneka chete kana mutengi kana mupinduriri.

Vamwe zvaiitwa "Mriya" ndege

Kuti vave nechokwadi yakachengeteka munguva kutiza muzinda kukomba ndege ane nhumbi chinofanira kuiswa urefu mukati zvimwe. Panyaya iyi, vachizvitakudza kunoitika maererano nemirayiridzo. Chivimbo chakasimba izvi zvichiitika mutoro wacho copilot. Zvakatungamirira dzimwe vagadziri kutakura mudziyo ichi hazvigoni kushandiswa, saka bhodhi iri zvifambiswe pachavo kopi mudziyo. Uyu rinorema chokufambisa ndege, nokuda kungoitira kurema motokari paguva rakarongwa nguva dzose kuramba zvisaririra zviri chassis. Panyaya iyi, mari rimwe vhiri rinotanga chiratidzo chimwe chiuru US zvemadhora.