Motokari: sei hwakarongwa, nheyo kushanda, maitiro uye matunhu. Sei motokari mafuro

Sezvo inception rokutanga motokari peturu chinotsva yakaitika anodarika zana apfuura, muna yayo huru muzvikamu zvokuti hapana yachinja. Design modernized, nani. Zvisinei, sezvo motokari kwave akaronga, uye sezvo vakadaro akasara. Funga vakawanda marongerwo uye urongwa vamwe nomumwe zvinoriumba uye nemagungano.

General unhu

Michina All ine zvikamu zvitatu:

• injini;
• chassis;
• Muviri.

Vazhinji vanotaura kuti motokari mwoyo. It itsime simba, iyo inotungamira yose mashandiro kufamba. Pasi apa, tinoona injini sei motokari. Cherechedza kuti inonyanya nhasi vari womukati combustion injini (Ice). Asi dzakawanda vatyairi vanoedza uye nemotokari inotsiva: chemasanganiswa uye shoma yemagetsi.

The motokari Muviri pamatanda pasina izvozvo. On michina ano dzakabatana dziri hwavapo zvakananga muviri, saka inonzi mutakuri.

The chassis rinoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji ane hurongwa uye nzira iyo:

• torque iri chinopfuudzwa kubva injini mavhiri (hutachiwana);
• iri kutofamba (achimhanya giya) ;
• pehurumende (kuzvidzora mashandiro).

kufamba

Kunzwisisa maumbirwo motokari, pasina kufunga nokupfuuridzirwa hazviiti. By kuparadzira torque engoro, kuti mashandiro angachinja mirayiridzo yaro uye zvikuru. Vaviri-ekisero motokari ine injini, akaiswa pamberi uye vokupedzisira nemavhiri inowanzopiwa zvaisanganisira:

• batira;
• kufamba;
• zvepuraimari uye driveline ;
• hafu-akabatana uye differential.

Chokutanga, nemamiriro ose motokari batira. The mashandiro Transfers ari torque yedzimudzangara, nyore nyore uye muchidimbu richibatanidza uye disconnects nevamwe hutachiwana zvigadziriswe. The batira rinosanganisira flywheel, muranda uye tenzi Zvifambiso.

Transmission akaziva rokutendeutsa torque. Kuburikidza nebasa rake, kuti motokari ichifamba mberi kana shure, uye injini iri akochonorwa kubva nemotokari mavhiri. Transmissions ndiwo:

• zvemaziso;
• otomatiki;
• robotic;
• stepless.

Chassis

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, muviri angava mutakuri kana puranga. Kunze kwayo chassis zvinosanganisira zvokubatisa (kumberi uye neshure) kuturika (kuvhunduka absorbers uye zvitubu) vhiri uye vhiri.

The muviri akagadzirirwa anobvumawo vatakurwi. Kune mhando zhinji womuviri, asi rakajairika - a Sedan, ngoro, mumwe hatchback URA, convertible uye nevamwe.

ayo nomumwe zvinhu zvinofanira kuitwa nesimbi kuti muviri Zvechokwadi yakasimba. Zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kuitwa kubva profiled papepa.

Kubva kuturika napo sei nyore kungava kutsungirira anorovera munzira motokari. Sei chinhu zvinoenderana ayo mhando. Pendants anotomirira uye akazvimirira. Motokari ine chokutanga mhando kuturika vane zveshure mavhiri izvo chokuita chinokosha girder. Kana pasina danda, kuturika iri yakazvimirira.

utariri

mashandiro ichi chine:

• Power gozvo;
• akaputsa hurongwa.

Pamusana kwaari, nhungamiro uye kumhanya rakaramba anogona siyana. Uyewo motokari anomiswa kana pazvakagara.

Gozvo rinoumbwa okunze, iro vachishandisa kutenderera gozvo transmits mirayiro dzimwe nzira mukati motokari. Sei mumwe nomumwe wavo, isu hatingazvirumbidzi funga. Tinoona chete chikamu kuti wegadziriro:

• gozvo sa;
• gozvo giya;
• swivel maoko;
• unobva tsvimbo.

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha akamedura hurongwa. Hazvishamisi kuti magadzirirwo ayo vakafunga kunze kuti mabhureki haagoni chose mapfumo, kana chero zvikanganiso vachasangana motokari. Sei mashandiro ari nyore kunzwisisa.

The akamedura hurongwa vanosanganisira zvichida kushanda chikamu, riri pamusoro kuburikidza mwoyo kuti akamedura uye kupaka akaputsa, kudzorwa mhikuriso, iri pakati zvigaro zvepamberi.

injini

Huru zvinhu anoumba injini, ndiwo:

• mumwe humburumbira nechigumbuso (mukati iro migero kuti kutonhora uye lubrication);
• ari pisitoni (esimbi Girazi grooves kuti pisitoni zvindori);
• pisitoni mhete (pamusoro - compression, uye rezasi - itsvedzerere);
• crank mashandiro kuparadzira simba kuti crankshaft.

Kufunga kuti motokari akagadzirirwa, hazvibviri kuti asakubata musimboti nokushanda womukati injini. Kwakavakirwa kunosanganisira mafuta kuvesa mune muchisungwazve nzvimbo. Izvi anosunungura yakawanda simba iri kudziyisa gasi sepombi yakaiswa, inova anowedzera kumanikidza uye zvichiguma kufamba ari pisitoni.

Muitiro kuva kuramba, aigara ari combustion mukamuri mhepo-huni muvhenganiswa achisvika. Zvadaro kufambisa pisitoni kunokonzera crankshaft, uye - Car vhiri. injini Most - mana sitiroko. Zita iri vakagamuchira, nokuti mumwe kutenderera rakakamurwa ina dzakaenzana nhengo.

In mashandiro, injini zvikuru inopisa. Naizvozvo, injini anopa sangano zvikuru kutonhora hurongwa, rinosanganisira redhiyeta iyo inoshanda kubvisa kupisa kubva mvura iri kutonhora mugadziriro.

motokari redhiyeta sei? Chidziro zvinosanganisira chinoumba, chinova kutonhora chikamu, rezasi uye okumusoro mabhokisi chaiwo mokugezera. Kazhinji iri pamberi bhoneti. Achipfuura pacharo motokari mhepo, izvozvo outputs zvakawandisa kupisa zvakananga mumhepo.

pedza hurongwa

Kana motokari iri ruzha uye inongorira chepfu magasi. Kuderedza izvi zvinhu ndiyo chiutsi hurongwa. Inoitwa:

• nemuteresi;
• tiwedzere;
• resonator;
• mafuro.

Zvese wegadziriro anokosha chaizvo. Nokuva gombedzero Somuenzaniso, anoshanda yokuderedza akabuda zvinokuvadza. Asi vakawanda pfungwa kazhinji akaripa mafuro. Dzimwe nguva kunyange yose gadziriro rinonzi chidimbu ichi. Funga kuti motokari mafuro. Anogona kunge chaizvo yakasiyana nepurani. On michina itsva, rinopa michina akawanda akagadzirirwa kuderedza ruzha. It ane hurongwa partition, mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka, uye zvichingodaro.

Zvisinei, kana Tuning pamusoro chiutsi maitiro uye chidimbu mafuro kubva ayo chikuru kurira rutapudzo nerevane nekusiyana, kuedza kupa motokari ine zvinoshamisa "ichidzvova". motokari mafuro mune iyi sei? chidimbu ichi anonzi yakananga-chokubuda. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti nyore chaizvo alterations. Construction mukati nyore. Zvinogona kuva, semuenzaniso, kuti munhu Perforated nenyere. Ipapo magasi dzichayerera pasina kurwisa.

electrics

Staffing magetsi kunokosha chaizvo. Zvechokwadi, akavonga kwaari injini iri rakatanga uye kumhanya. Uyewo mukati pakutsamwisana kwakarivhenekera, zvinokwanisika kuti zviri nyore kufamba famba murima uye kunovimbisa kuchengeteka zvose mugwagwa vanoshandisa.