Mir Castle muBelrusrus - iyo inofanirwa yekare mumatombo

Mir Castle iri muguta re Mir. Iko iri munzvimbo yeGrodno. Ichi chinyorwa chinoshamisa chekuvakira chigadziro chekudzivirira. Kusvikira 1568 varidzi vaiva Ilinichi, uye - kusvika 1828 - Radziwills. Mushure mavo Wittgensteins vakanga vari vatenzi vekugara kusvika muna 1891. Vagari vekupedzisira veimba yakasimba vaiva Svyatopolk-Mirskie. Mushure mokudaro, Mir Castle, mufananidzo waro unoratidzwa pasi apa, wakatamirwa kuhutungamiri hwehurumende.

General information

Imba yakagadziriswa inoonekwa seimwe yezvinhu zvakakura uye zvechitendero pakati pezvose zvakachengetedzwa zvikamu zveGothic yekutanga yeRepublic of Belarus. Mir Castle ine chiyero chepamusoro nemakona anenge anenge mamita 75 murefu uye shongwe dziri pamakona. Kureba kwawo ndeye 25-27 mamita. Pazvikamu zvokutanga zvekuvakwa, izvo zvakagara makore anenge mana, shongwe ina dzakavakwa, dzakabatanidzwa pamwe nemasvingo. Mir Castle ine chinyorwa chepakutanga. Iyo shongwe dzinoumbwa nenzira yemakrisiti ectagonal, ayo aripo akatasva pamaperembudzi e tetrahedral. Kureba kwemasvingo kunopesana - kubva pamamita 10 kusvika ku12. Kurutivi rwamavirazuva (mumugwagwa unoenda kuVilna) kune rimwe shongwe, iri pakati. Pane imwe nguva ndiyo yaiva yoga yevanopinda muchivanze cheimba, uye muchitsiko chayo yaiva jeri. Imba yacho yaiva panzvimbo yepiri yevasvingo. Yakanga iri kubva pano iyo yakagadzirwa nesimbi yesimbi yakadzika , iyo yakachengetedza masuo emasuo egonhi.

Chronology yezviitiko

Imba yekuvakwa yakabatanidzwa mune zvese zviitiko zvehondo, iyo imwe nguva yakapenya nemupupuri unopisa kuburikidza nenyika yeBelarusian. Nhoroondo yacho inotanga nehondo yeRussia-Polish (1654-1667) uye inoguma neRusso-French War (1812). Munguva iyi, hurongwa hwechitendero hwakanga huchidzokororwa huchideredzwa nekukombwa. Kunyanya kuvhiringidzika kuti chivakwa chekugadzira chakanga chiri makore 1665 uye 1706. Panguva ino, akakanganisa zvakanyanya. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana rechipiri Mir Castle rakadzorerwa, uye muna 1784 zvakare yakakuvara. Muna 1812, pamasvingo eimba yakaoma, hondo yakaitika, umo maifambisa vaFirout Davout (vaFrench marshal) uye varindi vehondo yechipiri yeRussia Platov vakatora chikamu. Kubva muna 1989, chimiro chepakutanga cheGothic art isbazi reNational Art Museum muRepublic of Belarus. Pakutanga kwezana remakumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemaviri, kugadziriswa kukuru kwekuoma kwakapararira. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chivakwa chekugadzira chinoramba chichizarurirwa kune vashanyi. Kuti uwane ruzivo, rwendo rweMir Castle runotora kubva kune mabhiri 120 000. Rubles. (Anenge 400 Russian). Muna 2001, chivakwa chekugadzira chakapiwa hurumende yakasununguka.

Mir Castle: nhau

Imba yakagadziriswa igadziriro yematombo, chikamu chikuru chayo chakavakwa muzana remakore rechi16 ne17. Maererano nemamwe masayendisiti nevatsvakurudzi, pakutanga panzvimbo iyi yaiva nzvimbo yevatongi vekudaidzira. Nhare iyo pachayo yakakomberedzwa nenzvimbo yakadzika, uye pedyo nayo iyoMiranka River inoyerera. Zuva chaiyo rekuvakwa kwechivigiro hachizivikanwi. Zvisinei, pane mazano ayo mavakirwo akatanga asati apfuura gore ra1522-th. Yakanga iri iyo iyo muridzi wenzvimbo dzenharaunda, Yury Ilinich, akaronga hukama hwake hwehupfumi hwemari naLitavor Khreptovich.

Sei akagadzirisa chivakwa ichi?

Masayendisiti achiri kukwanisa kuuya kune pfungwa yakafanana pamusoro pechinangwa chekutanga chekuvaka imba. Zvisinei, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti chimiro cheGothic chakasimbiswa kubva pakufunga kwekudzwa, kunyanya kana tikafunga nezvekuti musha waMiri waiva panguva iyoyo waifunga nzvimbo yakanyarara. Kunyange zvakadaro, hupamhi hwemasvingo eimba (2 m kumusoro uye 3 mamita pasi), pamwe nehutatu hwakasanganiswa hwakagadzirwa nematombo nematombo hunoratidza hutano hwakanaka hwese hwakaoma. Muchikamu chezasi chechidimbu, pfuti dzinovhara dzinotemwa. Rusvingo rwekumavirazuva nekumusoro rwakanga ruchiita mapurisa ehondo nemapapati ane simba epine. Zvinosuruvarisa, vatenzi vekutanga vakaoma - Ilinichi - havana kukwanisa kupedzisa kuvaka, sezvo mhuri yavo yakanganisa muna 1568. Vadzidzisi vatsva - Radziwills - vakapindazve purojekiti. Pamusana pemabasa avo, kunze kwechimiro chekugadzirisa kwave kwakagadzirisa maitiro echiRenaissance. Nicholas Christopher Orphan akaita zvipo zvakakosha muupenyu hweMir Castle. Kuva munharaunda yemhuri yeRadziwill, iyo yakaoma yakaita imba 3-storeyed, yakagadzirwa naMartin Zaborovsky.

Zuva rekuvakwa kwechivakwa

Muna 1655 chivako chakatorwa neCossacks pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaHetman Ivan Zolotarenko. Mushure meizvozvo, hondo neRussia, uye ipapo Northern War kwemakore anenge 80 yakaunza kuparadzwa nekuparadzwa. Izvo chete nemakore makumi matatu ezana remakore rechi18 chimiro chechitendero chakadzorerwazve, mushure mokunge imba yepamhemberero, mufananidzo wekuratidzwa uye imba yekutamba yakaonekwa mairi. Kudzorerwa hakuna kudarika uye "munda weItaly". Muna 1785, Mambo Stanislaw August akasvika kuMir Castle. Akakundwa nerunako uye upfumi hwemukati meimba yamambo. Muna 1813 mukuru wekupedzisira akafa muFrance, achigara nhaka yeRadziwills, Dominic Geronim. Mukunda wake - Princess Princess Stephanie - akava mudzimai waLevi Wittgenstein. Akawana nzvimbo ye Mir Miranda nehutano. Mushure mokufa kwaStephanie, Leo Wittgenstein akatamira kuGermany. Mwanakomana wake, asina mwana, akaendesa chivakwa chekugadzirira kusvika kune nhaka yehanzvadzi yake Mary. Asi akange asingakwanisi kuva muridzi wezvivakwa pasi pemutemo. Somugumisiro, dambudziko rakatengeswa kuna Prince Nikolai Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Mudzidzi achangobva kuvezwa akazotangazve kuvakazve.

Makore apera

Mushure mekunge kuwedzerwa kweMadokero yeByelorussia kuenda kuU.SR muna 1939, pearl yakagadzirwa yakasarudzwa. Kusvikira muna 1941 yakagadzira chigadzirwa chekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye panguva yekugara kweNazi - ghetto yevaJudha uye musasa wehondo yakatorwa. Mushure mekusunungurwa kweBelarus kusvika muna 1956, vagari vemo vaigara munzvimbo dzakaoma. Izvi zvakatora chikamu chekushongedza mukati meimba. Kubva muna 1947 chivako chiri pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.

Architectural complex nhasi

The Mir Castle ndiyo chiratidzo chinopenya zvikuru cheRepublic of Belarus nevanokurudzira zvakanaka zvivakoti. Mukuwedzera, marudzi ose emitambo inoitwa pamasvingo aro: mauto emagetsi, festivals nemakorikari, nhepfenyuro yesayenzi nemitambo yemitambo. Nzvimbo yakavakwa nhare ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa kuti vatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanoshanyira nemufaro.