Mhando Micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa, unhu hwavo

Yazvino wabata mabhora ose mabasa evanhu. Zvichida Whitehead Textile indasitiri - kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso sayenzi basa mhuri zuva nezuva. Nokuda makemikari kwetunhu murume akadzidza kubereka fibers pamwe vaida ehupfumi. Tinofanira kupatsanura chakagadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa micheka.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers yaigadzirwa Polymers zvinoberekwa zvimwe nemakemikari. Yakatsvuka zvinhu nokuti vari mafuta, negasi kana marasha. Of Micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa chaizvo ehupfumi kugadzirwa zvipfeko, rokudzivirira zvipfeko kuti ezvinhu akanyanyisa, chimiro.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers anobudiswa neboka kubudiswa mbishi zvinhu zvokunyama. The zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa muenzaniso Mucheka akadaro viscose kuwana kubva cellulose (huni).

Nemicheka yaigadzirwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers vane mikana akawanda uye nekuipira zvichienzaniswa dzinongoitika zvokuvakisa.

General ehupfumi kuti chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers

Pasinei nezvose zvavo siyana, mapurasitiki vakawanda zvakafanana zvinhu. By Micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvakanakira zvinosanganisira unhu.

• Mukurumari. Micheka chakagadzirwa kwakavandudza vapfeke nemishonga, regai richaora, kukuvara kubudikidza zvipukanana uye anoumba. Special bleaching zvemichina kwaizotevera värjäys pamusoro fibers kunopa ruvara fastness. Vamwe akamendwa boka chakaita zvokugadzirwa kusagadzikana kuti chiedza chezuva.
• Nenyama. Clothing rakagadzirwa muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari anoyera zvishoma zvikuru pane ayo dzinongoitika dzomuzana.
• Unoomesa nokukurumidza. Most chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers regai yekubata hunyoro kana mvura dzinga ehupfumi, i.e. vane pasi hygroscopicity.
• Nokuda pamwero mukuru maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye pasi mutengo feedstock, vakawanda chakagadzirwa munyama yakaderera mune mutengo. Pakuburitswa kuwana dzakakwirira zvibereko uye yakaderera mutengo, izvo zvinosimudzira kukura indasitiri. Vagadziri zhinji waidzora kwesayenzi zvechadenga zvinhu maererano zvido mikuru vatengi.

Payakaipira anokonzerwa chinhu hazvizivi acho anogona kuva akaipa simba pamusoro mupenyu muviri.

• Muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari kuunganidza kunofambira mberi magetsi (yakafadza).
• Unogona kuona Kurwara, hypersensitivity makemikari zvinoriumba.
• Most chakagadzirwa munyama regai yekubata hunyoro - maererano, regai tibatsirwe ziya uye pasi Utsanana ehupfumi.
• Musarega mhepo - zvinokoshawo kuti pagadzirwe nguo dzomucheka.

Zvimwe zvivako zviri chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers vanogona zvose zvakanaka uye kunaka pfungwa, zvichienderana zvinhu kushandiswa. Somuenzaniso, kana jira hakusi nemhepo, zviri unhygienic kuti zuva nezuva kusakara. Asi okumusoro nguo ane zvinhu zvakadaro zvaizenge zvakakodzera kudzivirira pamusoro mamiriro rwakashata ekunze.

Kugadzirwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa tishu

The patents nokuti pakatanga chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers okutanga chokuita nguva 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Muna 1932 muGermany kugona kugadzirwa PVC faibha. Muna 1935, murabhoritari the American kambani Dupont synthesized polyamide. The acho anonzi "zvinhu zvenaironi". Industrial Kugadzirwa chakatanga muna 1938, uye papera gore, akanga zvikuru kushandiswa Whitehead Textile indasitiri.

The Soviet wokuti wakafara okusuma nokubudirira wekemisitiri kwave kubatwa 60s. Pakutanga muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari vachinzwisisa serisina womutariri micheka dzinongoitika uye zvadaro akatanga kushandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi yunifomu uye anodzivirira masutu. With kukura zvesayenzi pechingoro akatanga kusika micheka pamwe ehupfumi zvakasiyana. The nganonyorwa Polymers vane zvazvisingarambiki zvakwakanakira pamusoro Micheka zvakasikwa: vava vakareruka, simba uye zvakawanda nemishonga ngura.

chakagadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa micheka akasiyana mune nzira gadzira uye upfumi okuwana indices. Raw zvokuvakisa zvaAtemisi muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari vari isingadhuri zvikuru uye nyore, saka hofisi iyi indasitiri akagashira pokutanga kukura. Macromolecules fibers synthesized kubva pasi samolecular uremu yeimwe. Current ruzivo vanopa zvinhu pamwe zvakafanorongwa unhu.

Pemavara aumba kubva Unonyunguduka kana mhinduro. Vangave kuroorwa, kunzwisisa kana muchimiro muzvisote ose fibers kuwana mumwe urefu (zvino vavo kubereka mutsvuku). Uyezve filaments akaumba firimu zvinhu uye moldings (zvipfeko neshangu) chepakutanga chakaita zvokugadzirwa guru.

dzakasiyana-siyana muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari

Pari tega zviuru zvakawanda kwemakemikari fibers, uye zvinhu zvitsva zviri kuonekwa ose gore. Maererano makemikari mamiriro yamarudzi ose Micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa vanokamurwa muzvikwata zviviri: refu kabhoni uye hetero. boka rimwe nerimwe riri akakamurwa subgroups kuti muviri uye waivako zvivako zvakafanana.

kabhoni-chain muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari

Chemical cheni macromolecule carbochain chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinyama rinoumbwa chaizvoizvo kuti kabhoni maatomu (Mahydrocarbon). Muboka ndedzinotevera subgroups:

• polyacrylonitrile;
• polyvinyl chloride;
• polyvinyl doro;
• polyethylene;
• polypropylene.

hetero muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari

jira ichi chakaitwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers, ari samolecular maumbirwo iyo, asi kabhoni maatomu zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu: okisijeni, senitrogen, fluorine, kuiisa chlorine, nesarufa. inclusions izvi kupa kutanga zvinhu yakawedzerwa zvivako.

Mhando chakaita zvokugadzirwa akamendwa mapoka hetero:

• polyester;
• polyamide;
• polyurethane.

Lycra: polyurethane chakaita zvokugadzirwa micheka

Mazita anoshandiswa yezvokutengeserana makambani: spandex, lycra, spandex, neolan, dorlastan. Polyurethane mutsvuku aigona reversible zvokuimba deformation (akadai rabha). Elastane anokwanisa akatambanudza 6-7 nguva, vodzokera kutanga vakasununguka mamiriro. It ane yakaderera chafariz kugadzikana: kuwedzera tembiricha kuti +120 ° C ari faibha anorasikirwa elasticity kwayo.

The polyurethane filaments hadzina kushandiswa wakachena Hurumende - vari kushandiswa sezvo chitunha navivaya kumativi dzimwe fibers. A zvinhu ine chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers zvakadaro, ane elasticity, zvakanaka akatambanudza, kwakavharwa nenyama, husingakwanisi abrasion, chakanakisisa mhepo permeability. Items pamwe kuwedzera zvinyama polyurethane filaments kwete crease uye kuramba yepakutanga chimiro, husingakwanisi chiedza, chengeta ruvara yadzo yepakutanga. Mucheka haisi zvikuru akakurudzira agure, monyorora, yaoma mune akatambanudza chimiro.

Capron: polyamide chakaita zvokugadzirwa

Zita mashoko kwaiva kuchikonzerwa amide boka, chikamu chinokosha. Zvinhu zvenaironi uye zvinhu zvenaironi - inozivikanwa vamiriri boka iri. Key zvinhu zvinosanganisira: wakawedzera simba, zvakanaka anobata chimiro chayo, usingatangi richaora, nyore. Panguva iyoyo, zvinhu zvenaironi yakatsiva sirika, akashandiswa zvaAtemisi parachutes.

At chakaita zvokugadzirwa polyamide internet boka yakaderera kuramba ichirova tembiricha (uchanyangadika rinotanga +215 ° C), vakatendeuka yeyero kuti chiedza uye pasi pokudzora ziya. Emashoko asingakodzeri yekubata unyoro uye unoomesa kukurumidza kuunganidza kunofambira mberi magetsi uye zvakaipa anoramba nekupisa. Kubva ibereke tights uye leggings. The Zvinoumba zvinhu zvenaironi uye zvinhu zvenaironi micheka vari kutarisirwa munguva mari 10-15%, izvo anowedzera simba dzinongoitika zvinhu pasina impairing Utsanana ehupfumi dzavo. Nezvinhu zvakadai pave masokisi uye knitwear.

Other dzaishandiswa mazita chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinhu polyamide Group: anide, Perlon, Meryl, Taslan, Jordan uye helanka.

Velsoft - gobvu jira pamwe akarara, achikwikwidza Mahra. Mariri kusona mwana mbatya, nguo pijama, musha zvinhu (matauro uye magumbeze). The acho inofadza kubata, mhepo yakanaka permeability haina rakawunyana, haadzokeri, haina kupera. Zviri husingakwanisi yokushambidza, unoomesa nokukurumidza. Akadhindwa mufananidzo haruperi pamusoro nguva.

Polyester: polyester fibers

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa polyester ane mukuru elasticity, vanopfeka nemishonga, hazvina kugara kubva zvinyama kwete crumple uye tsime kuchengeta chimiro chavo. Huru nani kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe boka chakaita zvokugadzirwa akamendwa - nani kupisa nemishonga (budirira pamusoro +170 ° C). Material nesimba, usingatangi tibatsirwe hunyoro, usingatangi unganidza guruva, regai Vachaoma muzuva. In yakaisvonaka chimiro rinoshandiswa kugadzira inopofumadza uye maketeni. In musanganiswa pamwe dzinongoitika fibers akashandiswa kugadzirwa yokupfeka uye inoita akamendwa uye zvokunyama uye kuti jasi chakagadzirwa mbava. Polyester faibha rinopa kuramba abrasion uye crease uye zviwanikwa pemavara vanokonzera utsanana, asina micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa. Mazita micheka ose polyester zvinhu: polyester, polyester, Terylene, Trevira, tergalii, diol, Dacron.

Nemvere - chakaita zvokugadzirwa nyoro polyester jira kuti sokunge nedehwe. Clothing nemvere munyoro, chiedza, kudziya, nemhepo, kwakavharwa nenyama. Mashoko acho nyore wachika, unoomesa nokukurumidza uye hakudi ironing. Dehwe haakonzeri Kurwara, saka chichiri kushandiswa kugadzirwa nguo vana. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru zvinyama atambanudza uye anorasikirwa chimiro chayo.

Polisatin rakagadzirwa polyester wakachena chimiro kana akabatana donje. Material mikobvu, kumeso uye zvishoma kupenyerera. Unoomesa nokukurumidza, usingatangi kugara pasi, regai kupfeka, mukasateura. Kushandiswa kugadzirwa pamubhedha wakaisvonaka, veimba zvigadzirwa (maketeni, tablecloths, upholstery kuti fenicha), musha kurema, Tai dzakarambidzwa uye Scarves. nevakawanda zvikuru nhasi linens pamwe 3D-mufanidzo yakaitwa kubva polisatina.

Acrylic: polyacrylonitrile zvinhu

For zvemaziso ehupfumi yakafanana fibers amakwai, acrylic saka dzimwe nguva vachinzi "kubata amakwai". Chakaita zvokugadzirwa ndiko husingakwanisi chezuva, ndiko kupisa nemishonga, tsime anobata chimiro chayo. Asingateereri rishandise hunyoro, yakaoma, yakafadza, izvozvo Akapfeka.

Chiri ikashandiswa pamwe mvere jira kugadzirwa fenicha, mwana nepanhovo, kusona mbatya uye mukugadzira chakagadzirwa mbava. Acrylic haadi kuumba pellets, izvo zvinoita kuti chinhu chinokosha kuwedzera shinda mutsvuku kuti knitting. Things kubva kukabatanidzwa mutsvuku zvishoma tatamuka, zvakawanda Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye lightweight.

Trade mazita polyacrylonitrile zvinhu: acrylic, nitrone kashmilon, Dralon, Dolan, Orlon.

YOKOHAMA uye daynema: polyolefin fibers

In boka iri, kusiyaniswa polyethylene uye polypropylene fibers. The lightest yamarudzi ose muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari, ari polyolefin zvinhu regai achinyudza nemvura, vave pasi hygroscopicity uye zvakanaka kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye ehupfumi, elongation fibers ndiye anenge razero. Kuva pasi tembiricha nokutsiga - kusvika +115 ° C. Ivo anoshandiswa paaisika miviri-rukoko zvinhu, kusona zvemitambo uye mbatya hove, Sefa uye upholstery, matende, nemakapeti. Akabatana dzinongoitika fibers - nokuti kugadzirwa andapeni uye hosiery.

Trade Names: chakarondedzera daynema, tekmilon, gerkulon, ulstren, akawana meraklon.

Polyvinylchloride micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa

Mashoko acho zvikuru husingakwanisi mishonga hasha zvinokuvadza, pasi yemagetsi conductivity uye kusagadzikana kuti kupisa (anoparadzwa pa 100 ° C). Mushure kupisa kurapwa akadzokera.

In yakaisvonaka chimiro Wakaitwa rokudzivirira zvipfeko. Achibatsirwa munhu gobvu chakaita zvokugadzirwa jira - chakagadzirwa nedehwe, vaberekawo nyepera makushe uye nemakapeti.

Trade Names: teviron, kuiisa chlorine, Vignon.

polyvinyl doro faibha

boka iri zvinosanganisira vinol, mtilan, vinylon, kuralon, Vinalon. Vane zvose zvakanakira muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari, yakasimba, vanopfeka nemishonga, husingakwanisi chiedza uye tembiricha nemigumisiro. Maererano extensibility uye elasticity muri Avharenji. A nevamwe chinhu - vari absorbent, zvibereko boka iri Micheka chakaita zvokugadzirwa vane refu hygroscopicity, rakafanana ehupfumi ari donje zvigadzirwa. Achifuridzirwa mvura vinol miforo uye zvishoma akadzokera, ayo simba shoma. Tichienzanisa nedzimwe namakemikari fibers, zviri zvishoma husingakwanisi nemakemikari kurwisa.

Vinol rinoshandiswa kugadzira mbatya, andapeni, akabatana donje uye viscose - nokuti zvaAtemisi hosiery. The acho haasi rwotedzemuka, haina akapusika, ine akanaka Gloss. Kushaya zvigadzirwa kubva vinola - vakakurumidza tigove wakanganiswa.

Mtilan kushandiswa pave zvomusejari sutures.

Tikafunga fibers akasiyana anopa kunakidza rwokugadzira maitiro. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - vari kuzivikanwa nhasi microfiber. It wakagadzirwa mubatanidzwa zvinhu zvenaironi uye polyester fibers. Microfiber haasi kunyura, mukasateura, ane yakakwirira hygroscopic pfuma, saka unoomesa nokukurumidza. Rinoshandiswa kuti pagadzirwe dzakarukwa akamendwa dzakarukwa uye vasiri dzakarukwa jira. Zvichienderana ukobvu uye faibha okunatsiridza siyana ari softness uye mukurumari yokupedzisira chigadzirwa. Microfiber usina kusanganiswa nezvimwe fibers, mabatiro mishonga zvikuru nyore - havana kutya yokushambidza rokuchenesa yakaoma uye tembiricha nemigumisiro. With vazhinji saka mhepo pores, chinokosha chinobatsira kuti tirambe Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri muviri tembiricha, asi panguva imwe chete zvakakwana kunodzivirira kubva mhepo. Microfiber anoitwa mbatya uye panze zvipfeko, musha Textiles, matauro uye sechipanji rokuchenesa.

Sezvaunogona kuona, asi mishonga synthesized fibers vari zvinowanzoshandiswa pagadzirwe chiedza indasitiri nhumbi. Vakaita mutambo uye zvipfeko, micheka kuti midziyo uye mukati kushongedzwa pakati kwakavakirwa, wose-siyana zvakwo zvipfeko, kubva andapeni kune zvokuvakisa majasi uye faux mbava. Micheka Modern nhaka zvinoverengeka zvakanakira kuti havasi kuwanika avo vamutangira: vanogona kuva hygroscopic, "fema" uye kuramba kupisa tsime. Tikafunga fibers siyana mune rimwe shinda, uyewo kusikwa multi-rukoko micheka kubvumira vagadziri kusangana zvakazara zvinodiwa mazuva ano.