Mhando gearboxes: tsanangudzo, mapikicha

Modern vagadziri yakaiswa pamusoro motokari siyana yedzimudzangara, uye haisi chete zvoga hutachiwana enyika. Kunyange zvayakaita mabhokisi nyore zvemaziso akakamurwa mhando dzakasiyana uye vane zvinhu. Ngationgororei aivapo marudzi gearboxes. Photos uye kwete chete - pashure munyaya.

Chinyorwa hutachiwana

Kubvira panguva zvokuimba kwemashoko yakagadzirwa kwave nemakore anopfuura zana. Kwemakore ose aya, vagadziri uye mainjiniya vakaita kuti mashandiro bhokisi giya zvakawanda kuchinja vanobvumirwa kuunza mashandiro ichi zvinenge pakukwana, uye iye zvino ari zvokuimba bhokisi anenge asina zvakakomba pezvatinokanganisa. Manual hutachiwana zvino vaiona imwe yenzvimbo nyore uye yakakodzera, kunyange pane mhando dzakawanda kunzwisisa pakati gearboxes. Asi kuzodana nyore uye zvakakunakira chete kunogona bhokisi apo nhamba mumatanho haisi anopfuura 5 - ndiyo yakanakisisa kuzvipedza. Modern vagadziri kubereka Chinyorwa hutachiwana uye vazhinji matanho Somuenzaniso, pane dzimwe mhando Chinyorwa transmissions pamwe muzvikamu zvitanhatu. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina chokuita kunyatsoshanda kuti injini ano.

Sequential Manual Gearbox

Izvi Kupfuudzwa maitiro pamusoro mudziyo uye nheyo chiito zvinoshandawo zvokuimba. Pfungwa kushandisa zano rakadai iri motokari rehurumende akasvika musoro motorsport mainjiniya. Zvinoshanda kuti chisarudzo pahwaro tsika Chinyorwa gearbox, asi ngarurege kuzvidzora rinoitwa pachishandiswa zvigadzirwa gadziriro. Huru zvinhu kusiyanisa mhando aya transmissions - ivo vakateerera chikuru nhungamiro nokuchinja uye sequencing. Izvi zvinoita kurerukirwa uye nyaradzo achityaira - pasinei kure unofanira kuenda. Pakati zvakanakira sequential hutachiwana anogona kupa mukana kune kusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nokukurumidza miganhu kuburikidza kutsanya nokuchinja Serial nokuchinja kuvhiyiwa pasina kuvadza injini panguva pamatunhu revs. Uyezve, mukana ichaongororwa kuti mutyairi anodzora nokuchinja - pamusoro mudhiraivho, pane chinokosha chovha shifters kuti kubvumira pakarepo kutendeuka zvakarurama giya panguva kumhanya. In PPC izvi vakashandisa zvombo pamwe yakarurama meno, asi synchronizers zviri chinyakare hurongwa - hatisi. pinion rotational nokukurumidza inoputswa ne pakukurumidza Switch iri kudzorwa chikwata. Mhando iyi mabhokisi vari kwazvo kwazvo kwavatariri Mujaho, nokuti nguva 80% shoma nechekuita mukugarisana rwerudyi giya. Izvi zvinoita kuti kutyaira rokunyaradza zvose beginners vatyairi nenyanzvi.

robotic PPC

Robotic hurongwa - muri mhando transmissions, izvo kana zvemaziso kana zvokuzvisarudzira. Robotic PPC anogona kuenzaniswa sequential hutachiwana, asi ivo vari kukonzera nokuchinja zvemagetsi, uye robotic negadziriso kuchinja nokupfuuridzirwa asangana rinokosha electromechanical tikachirega. Kunobatanidza mabhokisi aya zvokuimba chokwadi kuti hwaro zvakagadzirwa ichi ndicho chinyakare Chinyorwa hutachiwana, asi mugodhi mumwe vakapakata yayo batira. Magadzirirwo chinhu kuti vane mhando aya gearboxes, riri kuonekwa zvichibvira kuverenga nokupfuuridzirwa, izvo panguva iyoyo yaizova zvikuru Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mune imwe nzira. transmissions kwakadaro kunogona kunzi ndivo hachibatsiri kuti redzidziso. Zvisinei, ichi chinhu zvenguva kubatana pakati hurongwa uye otomatiki hutachiwana zvose mutengo uye functionality.

The nemamiriro zvokuimba hutachiwana

Pane mhando dzakasiyana. Kutapukirwa Motokari inogona zvakasiyana zviri kugadzirwa uye mamiriro. All huripo munyika bhokisi inogona huviri-matatu-mugodhi. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, pane zvakanakira zvinhu.

Two-mugodhi Chinyorwa hutachiwana

Drive nomubato nekuti Kupfuudzwa hurongwa chendangariro uzere batira kubatana. The goho mugodhi unongoda kuti ndiro chinogumbura pamwe chete rachulis. Vose zvinopa wakasiyana chisina kutsetseka velocity differential. The nokuchinja mashandiro anogona akapa kushandisa tsvimbo kana kushandisa chaiwo netambo. The nyore zvikuru, inobudirira uye hwakavimbika chisarudzo anonzi tambo. Dzimwe mhando transmissions (VAZ-2107, somuenzaniso) kwakanyorwa vakapakata kwakadai tikachirega. Ndirwowo inonyanya tikachirega. The uchishandisa nhungamiro imwe PPC akadaro chaizvo rakafanana algorithm vatatu-mugodhi anoita kusecha. Musiyano mukuru pakati pavo zvimwe zviri kwebasa rinofanira kutamiswa. Kana kutapukirwa anogoneswa, mumwe mhikuriso yakakamurwa mu zvose longitudinal uye transverse negwara. A kusarudzwa zvinodiwa yedzimudzangara anopiwa achishandisa zvinhu zvavo kudyidzana.

zvitatu-mugodhi Chinyorwa hutachiwana

CPT chakagadzirirwa kuva pamberi kufambisa uye vadzingwa miseve. Vari vakapakata synchronizers uye rachulis, uyewo mashandiro unyorwe ose kutamiswa. Kuburikidza nemotokari mugodhi inopiwa akwirwe kuna batira mashandiro. Uyezve kuti nemotokari mugodhi, kunewo chinhu zvenguva, izvo zvinosanganisira rachulis ari chikwata. The nokuchinja mashandiro ari PPC redzimba. kuvakwa kwayo ine yemasiraidhi ine neforogo. Kuitira kudzivisa basa rachulis maviri panguva, shandisa kure kuzvidzora zvigadziriswe. mabhokisi izvi regai kupa kuchinjwa torque pamberi mavhiri. Kana mutyairi kunoita chaishanda mhikuriso, kufambisa batira. Achibatsirwa ayo sync nokukurumidza.

Mhando otomatiki transmissions

Vagari maguta vakasarudzwa muchina. Mukuru nharo kuti otomatiki hutachiwana - nyore. Uye hungu, chokwadi, pamwe otomatiki muitiro rokudzora motokari nyore. Asi chii chiri pasi inozivikanwa ose muchairi shoko "muchina"? Ngationei kuti marudzi gearboxes kupa vagadziri ano.

Gidrotransfortmatornaya otomatiki hutachiwana

Uyu chaiwo pakati otomatiki transmissions. The mashandiro ari zvokuimba gearbox uye torque convert. torque kuchinjirwa kubva muinjini wokutanga rinoitwa nevanhu wechipiri. Gidrotrasformator inomirira impeller, rinova actuated achishandisa injini. The vhiri inopa mafuta torque yedzimudzangara, uye zvinoita basa chinhu, ari torque chiyamuro mugodhi PPC. With zvose zvakanakira munhu torque convert ane muzasizasi kunyatsoshanda. Asi ichi kudarika kudekara kushanda, munhu kwakanaka kuchinja torque, uyewo chinokosha zvinoderedza mutoro pamusoro powertrain zvinoriumba.

tiptronic

It gidromehanichekaya urwisane Chinyorwa kuzvidzora. Kokutanga izvi hurongwa zviri kuiswa mune 90-ies pamusoro Porsche muchiso motokari uye gare gare tipronikom vanofarira BMW, Audi, uye dzimwe automakers. Interesting chokwadi - asi kambani iri nechokwadi chokuti ichi hachisi chimwe mhando otomatiki hutachiwana, asi chete norudzi chinja. In zvake otomatiki hutachiwana, rudzi urwu anoshanda sezvinoitwa zvetsika zvokuzvisarudzira. Zvisinei, mutyairi ane mukana chero nguva yaunoda manually kudzora motokari - kwazvo nyore dzimwe nguva. Somuenzaniso, achishandisa tiptronic zvichibvira kushandisa injini braking. Pakati zvakanakira zvinogadzirisa izvi akatorazve mafuta kuparadzwa ndiko kudzika kupfuura kwakajairika gidrotrasnsformatora. The marapirwo ndechokuti tiptronic ane kukura yakakura, uye nokuchinja nokukurumidza anononoka.

multitronik

ino yakanga yakataurwa mainjiniya kubva Audi. Design chinhu ndechokuti Danho rino hakuna panzvimbo. Asi panguva mutyairi anokwanisa kuchinja rachulis manually. Nheyo kushanda ino yakavakirwa pamusoro V-bhandi hutachiwana. Sezvo mukuru chikwata inoshandiswa CVT, izvo anochinja torque. Zvisinei, hazvigoni kuenzaniswa ano multitronik stepless variator CVT - nechivako chayo vakasiyana stepless variator yakananga kunzwisisa uye panzvimbo pebhandi chaiyo ngetani rakashandiswa pano. Pakati zvazvakanakira vangazivikanwa kumhanyisa kumeso, zvakanaka aishingaira kuita uye vakaderera mafuta rinodyiwa. Zviratidzi pamusoro simba unhu havasi muduku motokari pamwe Chinyorwa hutachiwana. Negative - matunhu mitengo, nematambudziko kugadziridza uye kugadzira, duku mokuwana.

Stepless variator kana CVT

In chitarisiko, izvi Kupfuudzwa hurongwa havasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva kwakajairika otomatiki kupfuudzwa, asi nheyo kushanda zvakasiyana. Hapana chaizvoizvo hapana rachulis uye hapana pano haisi kushandisa. Gear ratios, uye nokudaro torque dzinosiyana dzose, pasinei mumuchina nokukurumidza kana decelerated.

pfupiso

The ano motokari indasitiri haisi akamira. Kuramba kusika chinhu chitsva uye nani. Kune mamwe marudzi gearboxes - Zvinosuruvarisa taurira zvose zviri munyika, hazvitomboiti.