Matanho ekudzivirira mukutongwa kwemhosva: marudzi

Nzira yose yemhosva iyi inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvisarudzo, kutonga uye kutonga kwechivanze, miviri yekuongorora uye mibvunzo. Vanowanzovhara rusununguko uye zvinodiwa zveanopomerwa. Izvi zvinongorambidzwa chete kuti chinangwa chekusimudzira nyaya (kutsvakurudza) uye zvese zvinotongwa mumutemo zvese. Nokudaro, mutongi anopa nzira idzi dzekudzivisa tsanangudzo (matanho ekudzivirira mumatongerwo emhosva), anogadzirisa maitiro avo uye zvakananga zvemhando dzavo dzose.

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvinorambidzwa, iyo data ine nzvimbo chaiyo yavanonyorwa nayo - iyo Criminal Code yeRussian Federation. Semuenzaniso, kubva pachiyero chekudzivirira kwekutonga vanosiyana munzira dzekuita. Kutsiva kwavo kunokanganisa mupfungwa.

Pfungwa yekudzivirira uye maitiro avo

Matanho ekudzivirira mukutongwa kwemhosva ndeyekudzivirira kwenguva pfupi kodzero dzemunhu mumwe nomumwe, iyo inoshandiswa nekutsvakurudza, hofisi yehuperesi kana zvimwe zviremera zvemutongi kumumiririri. Dzimwe nguva zviyero izvi zvinoshandiswa kune vanokanganisa kana, kana zvichiitika, apo zvichida apo uyo anopomerwa achazosiya kubvunzurudza, kuongorora kana kutongwa, acharamba achiita mhosva kana kuti achakwanisa kudzivisa kuiswa kwechokwadi mune izvi.

Kana matanho ekudzivirira (MP) akaiswa kumunhu anokanganisa, ipapo kupomerwa kunofanira kutongerwa nemitemo yekuchengetedza mitemo mukati memazuva gumi kubva pakushandiswa kwechirango ichi, kunze kwemhosva kune dzimwe nyaya dzeUKRF, somuenzaniso, nokuda kwechiito chegandanga kana rubatsiro mairi. Muzviitiko izvi, nguva yacho inowedzera kusvika mumazuva makumi matatu. Runyora rwezvinyorwa zvakafanana-zvisizvo zvinoratidzwa mundima 2 yeChitsauko 100 cheCriminal Code. Kana munhu akangopomerwa asina kupiwa mhosva panguva yakatarwa, iyo MP inobviswa.

Chitsauko 13 cheCriminal Code yeRussian Federation ine pfungwa, maitiro uye zvikamu zvehutano hwekudzivisa. Maererano nemudziyo wemutemo, pakusarudza MI, ruzivo pamusoro pekuzivikanwa kwemunhu anokanganisa, zera rake, hutano hwehutano, hutano hwemhuri, kusimba kwechiito chakaitwa pamwe nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzerwa nemhosva uye munhu anenge atadza anenge atorwa.

Maererano nemutemo weRussian Federation uye Criminal Code yeRussian Federation (Ndima 98), zvinotevera zvinodzivirira zvinogona kusarudzwa kumumiririri:

• Chigadziro chako pachako;
• Basa rakanyorwa risingafaniri kubva panzvimbo;
• Kutariswa kwechecheche akapomerwa;
• Kucherechedza uyo akapomerwa muuto rechiuto;
• Pledge;
• Imba yakasungwa;
• Kusungwa muchitokisi.

Mutongi, muongorori kana muongorori anopa chirevo kune avo vakasarudzwa veParamende kune avo vanopomerwa mhosva, uye dare - mutongo, unotsanangura kuti kune mhosva ipi iyo munhu ane mhosva uye chirango chipi chinofanira kuitika. Munhu anopomerwa kana mutongi wake wekodzero ane kodzero yekugamuchira mumunhu chisarudzo chakanyorwa pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwechiyero chekudzivisa uye (kana) kugadzirisa, pamwe nekutsanangurwa kwemashoko ekukumbira kwavo.

Chigadziro chako pachavo uye basa rakanyorwa kuti usabva panzvimbo

Chirevo chechipiri chechirevo cheCriminal Code cheRussian Federation chinogadzirisa imwe yemhando dzePI, iyo inoshandiswa pachedu, iyo inosanganisira kuzvipira kwakanyorwa kwevanhu vanofanirwa nekuvimba kwemasimba emitemo nokuti iye ari kunyatsoita mabasa ose anodiwa nevanopomerwa (vakapomerwa). Anoita kuti ave nechokwadi chekuonekwa kwake mumitumbi yekubvunzurudza kana kuongororwa pavakakumbira uye mufambiro wake wakanaka (kwete kupindirana nedzidzo yekuongorora kana kutongwa).

Chirango ichi chinogona kugadziriswa pane chikumbiro chakanyorwa chakatumirwa kuvane masimba ane kodzero, nemvumo yeanopomerwa kana munhu anenge aine mhosva. Murindiri munyaya iyi anotsanangura zvose zvaanoita, mutoro wekuputsa kwavo, pamwe chete nechinangwa chekufungidzirwa (kubhadhara) kunoiswa mberi. Muchiitiko ichi, chirango cher guarantor, uyo asingaiti zvaanosungirwa, chinosanganisira kurangwa kwemari kusvika kusvika zviuru gumi rubles.

Chimwe chiyero chekudzivirira mumhosva yezvakaipa ndechekunyorwa kwakanyorwa kuti usabva panzvimbo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirisa kukwanisa kweanopomerwa (mumiririri) kuti abve nzvimbo yekusingaperi kana yenguva duku yekugara. Iwe unogona kuita izvi bedzi kana iwe ukawana mvumo kubva kuvane masimba. Uyewo muParamende uyu anotora maitiro akafanana nemunhu maererano neanosimudzirwa: inosungirwa kuonekwa pachikumbiro chemiviri yekubvunzurudza uye yekuongorora, dare harifaniri kupindira nemhosva mukutongwa kwemhosva.

Kutarisira vatsigiri vechidiki

Nzira dzekudzivirira mukutongwa kwemhosva dzinogona kuendeswa kumarudzi evanhu. Munyaya iyi, iyo Criminal Code yeRussian Federation inoratidzira chirango chakadai sekutarirwa kweavo vanopomerwa. Maererano neChitsauko 105 cheCriminal Code, iyo MP inofanirwa kuita kuti hutsika dzakanaka dzevana vanopomerwa (vanofungidzirwa) nevabereki vavo, vamiririri vepamutemo (vatariri) kana vamwe vanhu vakuru vekutenda. Kana mwana ari (kurarama, achidzidza) mune imwe sangano revana, ipapo chivimbo ichocho chinogona kutorwa nevashandi vake, kunyora kuzvipira kwakanyorwa.

Sezvakaita munyaya yehutano hwevanhu vakuru, vanhu vanotarisira vana vaduku vanotsanangurira mabasa avo nemabasa avo, uyewo chinangwa chekubhadhara (kusungurudza). Pakaitika kukanganisa, zvakanakira zvakaiswa - kusvika kune zviuru gumi zvebrule.

Pledge

Chiyero chinotevera chekudziviswa, chakagadzirirwa muCriminal Code yeRussian Federation, is pledge. Izvi ndizvo Kuendeswa kana kutumirwa nemunhu anopomerwa (akanganisa) weimba yavo kune chiremera chinokwanisa chakaitwa munyaya yepamhosva, nechinangwa chekuwana kuendesa kumupomeri kana kumatare.

Rudzi rwechigadziro chakadaro chinogona kuitwa zvose zviri mufananidzo weimba, uye semari, kuchengetedzwa, zvikamu, zvisungo. Tora, ukuru uye nguva yekuisa Vanosarudzwa nedare redzimhosva, vachifungisisa kuipa kwemhosva, unhu hweunhu pachavo uye hutano hwemari mumiririri. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti nekuda kwemhosva dzepakati kana kuti zvinyoro zvishoma rudzi urwu rwechirango chekudzivirira harukwanisi kuva pasi pemakumi mashanu euru rubles, uye nokuda kwekukurira uye kunyanya kuipa - mabhiriyoni mazana mashanu.

Chibvumirano mumari yemari inobhadharwa kubhuku rekuisa dare kana hurumende yakakodzera. Pachokwadi ichi, protocol inotorwa, ikopi iyo inopiwa kune munhu akapa mari yacho.

Kana pane kukanganisa kwezvinosungirwa nemunhu anopomerwa (mumiririri), mari yose, chekuchengetedza kana pfuma inoramba iripo pfuma. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, vanodzokera ku mortgagor.

Iko rudzi rwechirango chekudzivirira mumatongerwe enyika (RK, RF, etc.) rinogona kuiswa chero nguva. Murevereri (anopomerwa) kana mumiririri wake anogona kukumbira kusarudza iyi Purezidhendi nekuisa chikumbiro.

Kucherechedza murairo weuto reuto

Kucherechedza munhu akapomerwa muuto rehondo kunosanganisira chiyero chekudzivirira uye kunosanganisira kutarisirwa kwevashandi kana murume weuto uyo ari kupinda mumusangano wehondo unofungidzirwa kana kupomerwa mhosva yekuita mhosva.

Kuongororwa kworudzi urwu kunofanira kuitwa nemurairo weuto rehondo, rinotsanangura chinangwa chekubhadhara, mabasa uye mabasa anobva pakubvumidzwa kwechirango ichi . Mutungamiri akadaro anoshandiswa chete nemvumo yeanopomerwa (mukanganisi).

Basa guru panguva yekucherechedza nderekuti murairo munyaya yekusarurama kwakanaka kweanodavirwa mhosva inofanira kuudza izvi kumatare ekuchengetedza mutemo.

Musha Wakasungwa

Mukuwedzera kune izvozvi chirango chinotakura kugadzikana kwepfungwa yekugombedzerwa, kune zviremera kune rusununguko (muviri chaiwo) hwekudzivirira mumatongerwo emhosva. Chinyorwa 107 cheCriminal Code chinogadza chimwe chezvinhu izvi - kusungwa kwemusha.

Ichi chikonzero chekudzivirira chinoumbwa zvakakwana kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma zveanopomerwa (akanganisa) mukati memadziro eimba yake pachake. Panguva imwecheteyo, iye ari pasi pekutonga nguva dzose, uye anozviisa pasi pemimwe mitemo (zvinorambidzwa). Mumamiriro ezvinhu ega, apo hutano hwemusungwa haubvumiri kumusunga mumusha, kana kunyanya zvakadaro muchitokisi, anoiswa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai ari pasi pekutarisirwa mune imwe sangano rezvokurapa.

Zvinorehwa izvo zvinogadziriswa kune munhu akasungwa zvinogona kusanganisira kubvumidzwa kwe:

• Buda kubva kumba kwako;
• Kukurukurirana nevamwe vanhu;
• Postal items (tsamba, mapepa, nezvimwe);
• Kushandisa foni uye internet.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti uyo anopomerwa (uyo anokanganisa) anogona kushandisa foni kushevedza ambulensi, basa rekununura, nezvimwewo.

Musha wakasungwa unogona kugadziriswa pamushandisi wekutumirwa kwekanguva chisingapfuuri mwedzi miviri. Asi mushure mekupera kwemakore aya, kana zvichidiwa, anogona kuwedzera dare.

Kusungwa muchitokisi

Uye, pakupedzisira, matanho ekudzivirira mukutongwa kwemhosva anosanganisira kuiswa mujeri. Iyi ndiyo inofungidzirwa kune avo vanopomerwa (vanopomerwa) mumhosva, nokuti mutemo unogona kutongerwa kugara mujeri kwemakore anopfuura matatu, kana kune avo vanopomerwa vakaita zviduku zvisingaiti (kupa kusvika kumakore matatu ejeri), asi Mhosva yacho haina nzvimbo inogaramo yekugara muRussian Federation, hupenyu hwake hahugoni kugadziriswa, iye aimbopomera Mutepi ane simba akabudiswa munyaya iyi, kana kuti akavanza kubva kuvakuru vekuongorora.

Iyi pep MP ndiyo yakanyanya. Dare redare rinofanira kunge rine nharo kuti ndiye iye akasarudzwa. Masangano ekuchengetedza mutemo anogona kungopa mutemo wakadaro wekudzivirira kana munhu anopomerwa (anenge ari mhosva) aripo pachake, kunze kwekuti paanoiswa kune dzimwe nyika inoda kuverengwa.

Penguva yekuongorora, nguva yekuvharirwa haigoni kuva nemwedzi inopfuura 2, asi kana yakafanira, inogona kuwedzerwa nedare kusvika kumwedzi 6. Chiito chekuita kwenguva refu chechiyero chekudzivirira (kusvika pamwedzi gumi nemaviri) chinogona kunge chiri chekuchema uye kunyanya mhosva dzemhosva, ine tsvakurudzo yakaoma, yakaoma. Iyo yakareba nguva ndeyemwedzi gumi nematanhatu nekuda kwemhosva dzakakomba zvikuru mumatambudziko akasiyana.

Mazuva makumi matatu isati yasvika pakapera nguva yekuvharirwa, mupomerwa (mumiririri) kana zano rake anopiwa nezvose zvakagadzirwa zvekuongorora.

Nenzira yakawanda, izwi rekusungwa kwakadaro rinosanganisira nguva iyo mumiririri akavharirwa semusungiridzi, nguva yekuvharirwa kweimba, kusungwa kwakamanikidzwa nedare reaipomerwa muzvipatara, nguva iyo munhu akavharirwa mumitumbi yeimwe nyika (asati aenda kune imwe nyika RF).

Kuchinja kana kubviswa kwechiyero chekudzivisa

Mushure mokunge maona nzira dzekudzivirira mumatongerwo emhosva, pfungwa nemhando, unogona kuziva zvikonzero zvekushandurwa kana kuregererwa. Kuregererwa kwakakwana kwePP kunoitika kana munhu wacho akaregererwa kana kana pasina chibharo chaanopomerwa mumushure panguva yakatarwa.

Kushandura chirango kune rimwe rakanyanya kunogona kuonekwa, somuenzaniso, kana mumiririri ari kurwara zvakanyanya (kuchengetedzwa kunoshandiswa nekusungwa kweimba). Panguva imwecheteyo, urongwa hwezvirwere zvakadaro, chimiro uye nzira yekutambira kwavo zvakagadziriswa pamutemo wehurumende neHurumende yeRussian Federation.

Kuregererwa kana kuchinjwa kwechiyero chekudzivisa kunowanika maererano neshoko rakabudiswa nemitumbi yekubvunzurudza, nemupuriri kana dare, kana nekutonga kwematare. Kana iyo MP yakagadziriswa mumutambo wekutanga kutongwa nemufuridzi kana mupeperi, nenzira iyo inogona kugadziriswa chete nemvumo yevanhu ava.

Nokudaro, zvose zviri pamusoro zvave zvichifungidzirwa Nzira dzekudzivirira mukutonga kwemhosva, maitiro uye zviitiko zvekugamuchirwa kwavo, kushandurwa nekuregererwa. Mukupedzisa, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti ava vemuParamende vanoshanda chete mumatambudziko anodikanwa uye vanofananidza nekusavhiringidza kwaanoita munhu wacho (umo ari kupomerwa kana kukanganiswa). Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehunodiwa hwehutano hwekutanga. Inofanira kuremekedza nekutarisira munhu asina kutongerwa kutongerwa mudare remhosva, iyo mhosva yake isingaratidzike zvechokwadi.