Long-siyana avhiyesheni Russia: nhoroondo uye rondedzero ndege

Long-siyana avhiyesheni Russia chatinokoshesa iri panhengo Air uye inokosha masimba renyukireya weRussia. Supreme Command rinoshandisa kutaura operative uye inokosha zvinetso intercontinental uye gungwa nemauto kurwisana.

History of Russian kumberi avhiyesheni

Nhoroondo Russian kumberi avhiyesheni yakatangwa 12/23/1914, apo Mambo Nicholas II chirevo pave nenyika yokutanga mana injini ndege yacho dzechikwata, iyo vainzi "Ilya Muromets". Zvakanga wokutanga kuedza wenyika wokubatanidza rinorema kirasi Ndege. Akava dzechikwata mutungamiri M. V. Shidlovsky, uyo akabatana mhepo rehondo Navy Department. Panguva iyoyo, akanga ari kuita sachigaro Russian-reBaltic chairo motokari yakazara fekitari, apo iye anogadzirwa mhepo muchina "Ilya Muromets".

Panguva World War First, izvi kumberi avhiyesheni ndege Russia akaita anopfuura 400 kurwisa mishoni, kusanganisira kubhomba raikosha inokosha muvengi zvivako uye nzvimbo scouting Drum pasi mauto. Muna 1917, dzechikwata kwaisanganisira vezvikwata zvina zvechiuto uye anoshandisa motokari dzinopfuura makumi maviri. All nguva ndege rimwe chete rakarasika yetsiva kushandiswa.

Kukura kumberi avhiyesheni muna USSR

Muna September 1917, imwe dzechikwata kuti Ndege vakaparadzwa. Ndege kungoti ndipiswe, saka havana paakasvika muvengi. Long-siyana avhiyesheni Russia akatanga ndimutsidzire mushure October Revolution. 22.03.1918 akanga chirevo reCouncil of People kuti Commissars, raireva pokugadzwa Northern Group airliners "Ilya Muromets" simba 3 muzvikamu zvechiuto.

Chimwe Qualitative pavaipfuura kukura munda uyu avhiyesheni vakauya thirties remakore rechimakumi maviri. Panguva iyi, uto duku Russian zvombo matsva vagadziri zvemuchadenga motokari ndege Tupolev uye Ilyushin. Kubva pamazuva Hondo Yenyika II Russian ndege kure vakabudirira kuita kurwisana mishoni yakadzika shure muvengi mitsetse rokutanga, chii akaita mupiro chaizvo kuti kukunda kukuru pamusoro muvengi.

Mumakore pashure pehondo, kukura nzira dzinokosha aeronautics kwasvika munhu anotamba itsva. On maoko vakatanga kugamuchira ndege yazvino "Tu" uye "IL", iro zvino vanoumba ikure yomuzuva kumberi avhiyesheni of Russian Federation.

"Ilya Muromets" - nyika yokutanga inokosha bhomba

bhomba rokutanga renyika yakanga yakagadzirirwa pamwe kutora chikamu chinoshamisa ndege mugadziri I. I. Sikorskogo. Nzvimbo mavambo "them Muromtsa" - Russian-Baltic chairo motokari yakazara fekitari. The kokutanga ndege akatora kumatenga 12.10.1913, ndege kusvikira 1918 yakabereka kutengeswa muna okunatsiridza siyana. Panguva World War Kutanga, michina 23/12/1914 "Ilya Muromets" vakanga yabatanidza mugomba chete dzechikwata - nyika yokutanga kwemajoini yetsiva ndege. Ndokusaka musi December 23 ari Russian kumberi avhiyesheni rinopembererwa musi yeRussia Air Force.

Ndege "Ilya Muromets" aishandiswa sezvo Ndege, kurwisa kana shora. Bhomba anoshongwa vaigona kuiswa zvose mukati nokunze, vertically achitevedza fuselage. zvemagetsi srabatyvatel uye vasere zvigwagwagwa zvakagadziriswa kudzivirira pamusoro ndege muvengi yakatanga yakatanga uye kushandiswa kuti tiite projectiles. Panoperera ari Civil War, kuti ndege kupona zvaishandiswa sangano mabha- uye mutakurwi motokari nenzira Moscow - Eagle - Kharkiv. Ndege "Ilya Muromets" aigona kusvika vaifanira kumhanya 130 km / h. Ravo kukwira siringi yakasvika 3200 m, ndege kure - kusvika 560 km uye kufadza nguva kufamba kwaiva maawa anenge 4.4.

Ndege "TB-3" - wokutanga Soviet kumberi Ndege

Kukura wokutanga Soviet kumberi bhomba rakatanga muna 1925. Nechekare muna 1930, kumumvuri ake aiva chakavanzika anozivikanwa "svosve-6", akatora kumakore. Yokutanga Serial ndege "TB-3" rwakatanga kutiza muna 1932. ndege iyi yaishandiswa sezvo Ndege, uto nezvifambiso uye kumhara ndege.

Strategic michina "TB-3" vakaratidza mukurwisana zvechiuto munyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Panopera 1930, maererano kukura mhepo kudzivirira uye murwi ndege, michina zvisingachashandi, uye muna 1938 kugadzirwa kwavo kwapera. Pasinei neizvi, inokosha ndege "TB-3" kuita kurwisana mishoni muHondo Yenyika II.

Nokuti nguva kugadzirwa anopfuura 800 ndege okunatsiridza siyana dzakaitwa. muchina akadaro ane nani hwokugadzira maitiro: yayo kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza yakasvika 380 km / h, dzinobvisa kukwirira aigona kusvika kuna 7000 M wayo-siyana vanenge 3 zviuru Km.. Ndege "TB-3" akakwanisa ikwane matani 2 bhomba mhosva.

"IL-4" - hwaro kumberi avhiyesheni Kukuru Patriotic War

Long-zvenguva Ndege, codenamed "CDB-26" akatanga kuti ava CB S. V. Ilyushina mukutanga 1930s. Wokutanga kumumvuri nendege 1935. Yakanga yakagadzirwa zvokufonongonwa simbi kuvakwa pamwe duralumin cantilever mapapiro. The fuselage ine streamlined chimiro uye aiva denderedzwa muchinjikwa chikamu. The Range Sefa kumumvuri akanga kusvika 3 zviuru. Km. The vashandi zvaisanganisira vezvikepe matatu, uye kuzvidzivirira chombo chacho Aimiririrwa matatu zvigwagwagwa. Kuratidzwa yokuenzanisira kwakaitika muna 1936, uye vanhu vakawanda kugadzirwa kwave kugona muna 1938. michina Ava vane michini itsva, vachibvumira aimhanya anosvika 445 km / h. Bhomba mutoro waiva 2,5 tani, vakanga kunowedzerawo kuzvidzivirira ehupfumi yacho ndege. Planes Russian kumberi avhiyesheni, "IL-4" kuti nokukurumidza uye ndege siyana vakanga vakanakisisa munyika panguva imwe nguva.

Uyewo, nokuti Air Force of Navy tichishandisa muchina yakadaro akasikwa Avangard "db-3T" rinotarisirwa kuparadza wengarava nhovo mugodhi fairways. Ndege "db-3T" akava wokutanga Russian guru womuenzaniso kuti anogona kuita zvimwe Unoshanda munharaunda.

Panguva WWII ndege "IL-4" raiva hwaro Russian kumberi avhiyesheni, kuita vachirwisa pamusoro yakadzika rwemberi muvengi, vemauto echelons zvokushandisa uye airfields. Nokuti zvose nguva kugadzirwa kuti pakabudiswa vanopfuura 7 zviuru. Shanduro akasiyana pamusoro kunozivikanwa bhomba.

"Tu-4" - wokutanga Russian mhepo mutakuri zvombo zvenyukireya

Pakarepo panopera Hondo Yenyika II Russian ndege okumudzivo vasina zvakakodzera michina. Pakazosvika nguva, "IL-4" Air mapatya-injini midziyo kunge vakaneta yavo muzvigadzirwa upfumi nemikana. Relevant waiva mubvunzo rakasikwa itsva mhando nzira dzinokosha bhomba. Saka ndege "Tu-4" - pisitoni muchina, inova Jacques akasandura kopi US mhepo rwisana chikepe "B-29".

bhomba ichi wokutanga akatora kumatenga muna 1947, uye muna mhepo yacho ndege ikatanga muna 1949. Kugadzirwa nyaya michina yakadaro vakapa nyika ndege ano, uye vakauya mutsva mhando nevatungamiriri veSoviet zvine urongwa avhiyesheni. "Tu-4 'aiva kunonyanyisa kumhanya 558 km / h, kukwirira Sefa 11 akanga 200 M kusvika 6200 mamita siyana. Muchina akadaro ane idzva zvombo. Vanopfuura 11 matani payload aigona kutora muchikepe ndege Russian Air Force. Long-siyana avhiyesheni awana itsva mumiririri yakasiyana kugona kutakura pamusoro wayo revatungamiriri zvombo zvenyukireya dzakadai se "RDS-3."

"TU-16" - wokutanga ndege airliner kuRussia kumberi avhiyesheni

"TU-16" ndiyo yokutanga Russian inokosha ndege kumberi ndege ane ndege injini. Chinangwa muchina uyu - mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana zvine urongwa chinangwa. Design mainjiniya Tupolev akatanga basa iri pakasikwa ndege muna 1950, uye kare 27 April 1952 wokutanga kumumvuri akatora kumakore. Pakupera kwegore ndege iri raparurwa kupinda vakawanda kugadzirwa. Machinery "TU-16" kokutanga wevashumiri inokosha avhiyesheni muna 1954

Pamasikiro ndege inozivikanwa paine yakatsvairwa mid-bapiro uye muswe chete chimiro. The fuselage pamusoro ndege kwaisanganisira nezvikamu zvishanu uye ane raundi muchinjikwa chikamu. bhomba kabhini dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira kuvimbika, rave rakakamurwa nezvikamu zviviri uye zvakasimbisa warrior magirazi uye anodzivirira mahwendefa. ndege vashandi yaiva vezvikepe matanhatu. The chikuru injini mumotokari vaviri turbojet chokugadza okunatsiridza siyana. Bhomba anogona kutakura matani 9 mabhomba izvo raizoiswa chete mupanda. Uyewo, "TU-16" aigona ruoko zviviri dzinodzorwa zvombo mapapiro akadai "CS-1".

Model "TU-16" afunga kuti kuva vanobudirira kuti vatanga kubereka kwakavakirwa ushori Ndege "Tu-16P" ngarava-matangi "Tu-163" uye wokutanga Russian ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa yakaoma "Tu-16K-10." Uyewo, bhomba ichi chaiva kumumvuri kuti ndege mutakurwi ndege "Tu-104", iro akatanga kubudisa muna 1964. wokutanga Russian inokosha chitundumuseremusere ndege "TU-16" riri kuonekwa refu mudzimba uye dzimwe ndege. It wakasuduruka basa muna 1994 chete.

"Tu-95MS" - hwaro Russian kumberi avhiyesheni

"Tu-95MS" - yakanakira hondo Russian kumberi avhiyesheni ndege akagadzirirwa kuti chombo uye bhomba rinopamura pamusoro mira zvinhu chero nguva yezuva pasinei okunze. Basa iri pamasikiro chikuru vaineni "TU-95" rakatanga kumavambo 1950s. Muna 1956, yokutanga kugadzirwa ndege akapinda basa tichitarisa kumberi avhiyesheni.

Nokuda nokukurumidza kunenge midziyo nzira dzinokosha aeronautics United States, hurumende yeRussia yakasarudza pamusoro pakagadzwa ndege ano zvinogona kukwikwidzana pamwe American avhiyesheni. Muna 1981, Russian kumberi avhiyesheni anobatana panhengo modernized ndege "Tu-95MS".

Nhasi, chikuru injini kumberi ndege chinhu Russian Air Force vysokoplanom nemana turboprop michini, izvo riri pamapapiro museve serin'i. Ngarava iri vakapakata differential giya vezvikwata iyo tenderera ari pakatarisana kumativi maviri akabatanidza mana chipande hwindimiri. The vashandi kabhini iri muna mberi fuselage, rwakanamirwa chose. Panewo magwa anokwasviwa uye chimbuzi.

Chombo iri vakapakata ano radar zvokushandisa, "Overview," riri-bhodhi kuzvidavirira yakaoma, izvo zvinosanganisira achangobuda zvaizoitika wokuRussia muchiuto mainjiniya, uyewo tsamwisa uye kuzvidzivirira zvombo. Panguva iyoyo Russian Air Force ane 60 ndege "Tu-95MS" okunatsiridza siyana.

"Tu-160" - "White Swan" Russian refu-siyana avhiyesheni

Ndege "Tu-160" chinhu ano supersonic chombo vatakuri. Panguva mwoyo zvakagadzirwa yavo ndiyo achinja geometry yacho bapiro. Vamiririri ava yeRussian kumberi avhiyesheni ingachinja zvinangwa zvinokosha zvombo zvenyukireya romuvengi, kunyange yakadzika shure muvengi mitsetse pamwe Continental nemauto nokurwisana.

Basa kusikwa yakadaro velha rakatanga muna 1975. Mainjiniya kunge yakagadzirwa Tupolev supersonic zvine urongwa bhomba. Somugumisiro, "Tu-160" hwakasikwa - cantilever monoplane rurefu chinoumba reshiyo bapiro, apo paiva zvina simba miti. ndege magadzirirwo kunoita iwe kuisa zvose chombo uye bhomba chombo mukati chete mukati nezvikamu. ndege vashandi - vezvikepe mana anopa pressurized kabhini mumhino yacho bhomba.

Mumuedzo wokutanga Flights makatanga muna 1981, uye pakupera pakati 1980s, kugadzirwa michina akatanga kupinda pabasa. Kusvika panguva ndege "Tu-160" rine yakanakisisa ndege waivako zvichienzaniswa yose vezera. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya muchina ari nekukwirira anosvika 2000 km / h pedyo pasi - 1030 km / h. Practical kukwira siringi ungasvika 16 km ndege Range -. To 13.200 metres pazuva Russian kumberi avhiyesheni chombo ine mota 15. Vari kunzi "White Swan".

Muna 2014, munyika vaipemberera chinokosha musi - makore 100 Russian kumberi avhiyesheni. zvakanyorwa pazasi zvizere.

Day-refu Range avhiyesheni Russian Air Force

Holiday musi Russian kumberi avhiyesheni vezvikepe ndiyo 23 December. Muna 1999, sezvakarayirwa mukuru Russian Air Force Anatoliya Kornukova zuva rakanga rinotsanangurwa kumberi avhiyesheni muRussia. Date December 23 haisi asingashumbi sarudzo. Zuva iroro, rokutanga mhepo dzechikwata "Ilya Muromets" yakaumbwa muna 1914.

2014 yaiva gore - makore 100-refu Range avhiyesheni muRussia. Panyaya iyi, pane zvave chaiwo kakawanda. Chiitiko chinokosha mhemberero yacho centennial yakanga yawanikwa anoverengeka Zvivako vakazvitsaurira kuna huru unoshamisa rehondo Air Force. Kubatanidzwa izvi zviri wokurera uye Board Veterans wokuRussia kumberi avhiyesheni.

mhedziso

Pari, kumberi avhiyesheni muRussia, nemhaka Service vayo Yababa, ane ose kodzero kunzi chikuru unoshamisa rehondo Russian Air Force. chikwata ichi chinokosha inokosha kuchengeterwa Mukuru Command. Air yokuzviparadzanisa, izvo zvinogona kupedza mabasa echiuto, pasinei nzvimbo nzira dzinokosha chinhu, ndiko kure Russian avhiyesheni. 2014 aiva rejubheri gore rino Air Force dzakabatana. Pashure pezvose, ndipo apo nyika vakapemberera makore 100 kubva pakuvambwa kumberi avhiyesheni.