List vasiri ferrous nesimbi: unhu, kushanda

Kukura yebudiriro vasingagoni zvaitika nokukurumidza zvakadaro, kana munhu asina kuwanikwa nzira kubereka uye dzinoona simbi dzakasiyana-siyana. Uye kana pakutanga rakanga anosimudzirwa anobudirira Zvakawanikwa zvinokosha goridhe rwokuzvarwa akarara zvakananga pamusoro ivhu pamusoro, ipapo nokukurumidza pasi isiri ferrous nesimbi, izvo vanhu vakakwanisa "kupingudza", vakava yekudyidzana richikura. The kuedza kutanga kudzidza zvivako itsva zvinhu uwane vakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvose zvine zvivako zvakasiyana, uye kushandiswa kwawo nokuda chete zvinangwa zvisingabviri. Uyezve, shoma reserves simbi kugadzirwa kunzwisisa zvinoita kuti non-ferrous simbi uye akaita zvakawanda zvinokosha uye yaidhura kudarika dema.

Chii asiri ferrous nesimbi?

Vamwe vanhu vanodavira kuti vanhu vasiri ferrous nesimbi - zvisinei, zvikuru kukosha goridhe, sirivha uye Platinum, maonero ichi chakaipa. Chokutanga, vari pamusoro pamazita isiri ferrous nesimbi zvavo haagoni kupinda ose nesimbi izvi, nekuti ndevenyu akasiyana mapoka maviri zvivako, nzira, uye kugadzirwa pezvakaitwa, kuparadzirwa, uye pamusoro chikumbiro (kunze setsikawo zvishongo indasitiri). unogona kufunga kuti vose vasiri ferrous nesimbi, izvo dzisina mu sezvamunoita yayo Fe, kureva simbi.

Zvakasikwa, pane wakakura uwandu zvinhu, imwe neimwe ine nemamwe zvivako uye anoruramisa nezvavakatapa yavo. Rinonyanya kuzivikanwa: mhangura, aruminiyamu, titanium, magnesium, nickel, tini, kutungamirira, chromium, zirconium, uye vanopfuura gumi nevaviri nezvinhu izvo zvinoshandiswa yakamanikana-Profile Mazinga. Analogues vanoona hakusi kuti hazviiti, asiwo pakusika chakagadzirwa ezvinhu mumarabhoritari zvikuru yesayenzi iri shure-ichipaza basa uye hope masayendisiti kubva munyika uye mumakore. Zvakakwana kuyeuka alchemical zvinyorwa uye kuedza inorondedzerwa mabasa zvesayenzi makore ekare, uye nhoroondo nemabasa, mabhuku uye ngano zhinji vasina chakavimbika uchapupu.

Fire, mvura uye mhangura pombi

Saka chii mukana simbi, asiri akakurumbira zvikuru uye isingadhuri Hardware? Nei ivo mined kakawanda akasimbisa chaizvo, uye kuwanda Entrepreneurs ose hukuru zvose haapfuuri vaiunganidza mafufu asiri ferrous nesimbi? Chokwadi chokuti zvinhu izvi zvakasiyanawo mumuviri uye nemakemikari zvivako. Kunyanya, nemupristi plasticity uye softness, chakanakisisa energoprovodimostyu uye kunyange nesimbi kuti vanhu vanokwanisa kuwana chaizvo vakawanda havana dzinoratidzwa neumwe wavo rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana zvachose hurongwa.

Chaizvoizvo, kwete ose zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa wakachena, undiluted chimiro, mazita asiri ferrous nesimbi kuti inonzi doping, zviri guru kwazvo. Vari zvakasangana pamwechete kuti kuumba yeimwe itsva inogona kushandiswa iri nzvimbo indasitiri, mushonga uye dzimwe nzvimbo muupenyu hwevanhu vakawanda. Dzimwe nguva zvakakwana kuita zvimwe chikamu kana chinhu chairatidza kubva dzinodhura uye rakasiyana vasiri ferrous simbi, asi chete kuti spraying. Physical uye namakemikari zvivako zviri dzakaonda chaizvo unhani achava zvakakwana kuita chinangwa achida.

All haisi ndarama glitters

Gold - simbi, zvikuru nomukurumbira pakati yechitema. Izvi hazvishamisi, mukurumbira wake yakakwirira kuti kwenguva refu, ivo kubhadhara zvinhu, zvakanga hwaro siyana zvishongo uye uye yakakura, ikava mhando nechiyero kwevanhu zvakanaka. Emakore apfuura, zviri Masvomhu pakati penyika mbiri kunoitika muna goridhe nerokuti, uye ikozvino reserves ndarama chero hurumende bhajeti chiri chokukomborerwa zvinonyatsorehwa upfumi uye upfumi nevanhu zvikurukuru.

Stern ndarama - isingawanzowanikwi simbi, asi nyore kubata. The chikuru mukana Sega raMwari kwazvo ductility, apo jewelers asike zvemaoresa akanaka uye nyaya yellow zvinhu. Zvisinei, mune hunhu duku nendarama yakaisvonaka, uye zvakaoma chaizvo kuwana, panyaya iyi, chinowanzoonekwa akawedzera yokuvirisa siyana, izvo zviri zvishoma kuchinja ruvara uye softness chendarama rokupedzisira mugumisiro. List vasiri ferrous nesimbi iri siyana, uye mumwe nomumwe chirungiso rinoshandiswa zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, chikuru zvinhu vari:

• mhangura;

• sirivha;

• nickel;

• Platinum;

• palladium;

• zinc.

Mumwe nomumwe simbi idzi kushandura yepakutanga Ruvara kunoguma zvinhu, izvo zvinogona greenish, pink, chena tint. Zvinokosha vakavhengana simbi simba, nokuti pachako ndarama saka nyoro kuti inogona nyore ndikamumara, akatema nebanga, pamwe wakakodzera nesimba, kuruma nezino. Nzira dzose idzi - iri nyore oornag nzira yokuedza mumwe chigadzirwa kuti nderechokwadi.

Kuwedzera zvishongo indasitiri, goridhe rinoshandiswa makemikari indasitiri, zvemagetsi, nzvimbo uye nendege kuvaka, kugadzirwa mafuta.

nesimbi Precious

Pakati nesimbi kupfuura zvinodhura kumusoro zvikuru dzinodhura, ndiko chete wechina chepamusoro. List vasiri ferrous nesimbi achirasikirwa anoverenga sezvinotevera (exchange mutengo kuti 1 giremu):

• California - 500 zviuru zvemadhora;

• osmium-187- 200 zviuru zvemadhora;

• Rhodium - $ 225;

• Platinum - $ 77;

• goridhe - $ 30;

• osmium - $ 19;

• Iridium -16 madhora;

• ruthenium - $ 15;

• palladium - $ 14;

• Silver - $ 0,6.

Apo neapo vamwe izvi zvine maatomu akafanana akashandiswa yayo yakaisvonaka chimiro, uye kwete munhu wose akashandisa kusika ounyanzvi ari mutengesi wacho unyanzvi. Chinowanzoonekwa vaifungidzira zvakarurama mukugadzira nomumwe zvinoumba kunzwisisa zvikamu pachena kuti mukuru kana yakaderera tembiricha makemikari utsinye, etc. Non-ferrous simbi kubva boka iri - .. Zviri zvakarurama, kunzwisisa asi kunobatsira basa, izvo zvinoitika panguva hurumende pamwero kana kuburikidza monopolistic sangano. The muchiuto indasitiri anonzwisisa michina, zvombo, izvo kuedza kudzorera zvidimbu mashoko mamwe kugadzira.

kunyoresa

Vakawanda vangafunga sei zvinhu izvi zviri zvinodhura zvakadaro. Uye vakabata magiramu zvinokosha simbi, kuti rinogona kuitwa tsika? Mhinduro iri nyore: pasina zvimwe unyanzvi uye midziyo - hapana.

Somuenzaniso, palladium rinoshandiswa kuti dzava kugadzira kwakaita chirangaridzo uye muunganidzwa pfungwa, izvo inzira guru inivhesitimendi. Asi chinangwa zvikuru rinoshanda, rinoshandiswa kusika dzokurapa namano. Ruthenium inobatsira sechinhu chezvinonhuwira kuti kucheneswa kwemvura uye anoomesa iridium alloys kuti zvigadzirwa iyo kuchafumurwa kuti zvikuru yakakwirira tembiricha.

Vakawanda vaisava ferrous simbi inoshandiswa senzira mari uye ndichengetedze guru nokuitawo musika zvokutengeserana sezvazviri mukuru wemari exchanges, uyewo ari mumwe nzira unyengeri kwema uye misha.

alloys emhangura

Copper - mumwe zvikuru nevanhu zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa kwezvinhu magetsi wiring, zvikwepa mvura magetsi. Iye ari refractory chaizvo, nemunhu yakanaka kupisa uye magetsi panguva imwe chete hakuna simba zvakakwana uye havaratidzi vachikanda. Kugadzirisa drawback ichi, yakachena simbi iri awedzera tsvina siyana izvo kuti yemhangura simba kwazvo. Tin, iro akawana somugumisiro, haisi pasi ngura uye abrasion, nemhaka ehupfumi waro kukura zvikuru rwakafara.

Chimwe chirungiso zvakafanana ari zingi, mumwe chikamu zvesimbi runoita kugamuchira nendarira. sezvamunoita Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru dopant kugutsikana, dzakanga dziri muzana zviri kuwedzerwa, arambe ari simbi, asi zvinonyanya kubatwa kungatikanganisa kukuvara.

Asi mhangura-nickel chiwanikwa rinowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwezvishongo, kuti chirungiso rinopa ruvara inofadza zvikuru uye simba zvigadzirwa.

aruminiyamu alloys

Aluminum - mumwe kutungamirira dzisiri ferrous simbi. kukurumbira kwakadaro nokuda yakaderera mari inoshandiswa, kubudiswa nyore uye hama nyore simbi, mukana kushandisa zvishandiswezve zvinhu.

Sezvo kune dzimwe simbi yakachena aruminiyamu pa akakonzera kubatana kwe yokuvirisa siyana, mukuwedzera, pachavo alloys vangava zvakasiyana kugadzira mitoo akakamurwa avo kuti ine kuti kupisa kurapwa, kwete mikukutu, uye kunewo, muchikwata wakaparadzaniswa yechitatu, iyo anobvumira kukanda zvikamu zvinodiwa uye zvigadzirwa.

Akakungurutsira non-ferrous nesimbi kunoratidza kuti mashoko pashure marapirwo anotora chimiro pematanda, waya Muchinjikwa zvikamu zvakasiyana uye rwendo, machira, sepombi, vara uye bushings.