Leonard Peltier: Biography uye pikicha

Peltier Leonard - anozivikanwa nomukurumbira, ane zita chokuita hondo weAmerican maIndia kodzero dzavo. Somugumisiro, mumwe Kusanzwisisana simba uye zvemo vagere of America, murume uyu akanga ari mujeri, nanhasi nokuti anenge makumi mana nemakore. Vazhinji vanodavira kuti wapiwa mhosva zvisina kururama. Leonard Peltier - zvichida yakakurumbira, inozivikanwa uye anoremekedzwa Indian modernity.

youduku yakaoma

Future nomukurumbira akaberekwa zuva regumi namaviri September, 1944 mumhuri maIndia kuva madzinza uye anishinabe Dakota. kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kwevanhu nezita Peltier Leonard - North Dakota (kuchengetedza Turtle Mauntan).

Leonard kuti uduku zvakanga zvakaoma. urombo Family, uye, sezvo zvinowanzoitika, kuti chirwere kuperevedza mari kwakaita kuti zvinouraya nemigumisiro. mai The womukomana, kuti chingwa, akashanda ari pfambi. A baba, akanga asingakwanisi kuwana mari inokwana mhuri yake, asingagoni omumisa uye akatanga kunwa doro. Somugumisiro, vabereki vakarambana, uye jaya Peltier akatumwa mamiriro dzinogarwa zvikoro Indian "Vahpeton", apo kupfuura chirango chakakomba ushe.

Pashure chikoro, Leonard Peltier akadzokera Turtle Mauntan uye anogara pamwe nababa vake. Zvose zvinoitika pamusoro kuchengetedza, kureva kunyatsoteerera mapurisa hurumende uye kuedza kurarama ari zvokuAmerica kunze kweguta, regai kufanana nyika jaya ane vanoshingaira yeruramisiro. Kwenguva refu nguva aigona kugara asina zvaaiita napo.

Outdoor mabasa

Muna 1970, makumi maviri nezvitanhatu Peltier Leonard anobatana sangano pakati American maIndia uye anoshingairira mune siyana ratidziro zviito.

Somuenzaniso, iye pamwe nevamwe nhengo AIM (American Indian Movement), akaita "kubatwa" pamusoro Adi (Agency kuti Indian Affairs), muchirongwa chiito vanoda "Gwara pakakuvara chibvumirano", "tora" Fort Lawton uye t. D. anongova munhuwo nhengo sangano vakakwanisa kuva chimwe chezvinhu akakurumbira nhengo dzayo kwemakore akawanda. Asatye, kusada kuita zvisingaenderani nehana yake uye muvengi, kuzvitsaurira uye nokutsungirira akaita Peltier yakakurumbira. Asi haina mufaro, nekuti kunyimwa chinokosha chinhu murume anogona - rusununguko.

The chiitiko chakachinja upenyu

In June 1975 paiva chiitiko, vagovane upenyu wechidiki Indian mumiririri pamusoro "pamberi" uye "pashure." backstory yake ichi: mushure yemuna kuti hwapararira Pine Ridge Reservation muna 1973, yokupedzisira yakanga chaiyo nhoroondo mapurisa. Kuti kudzora maIndia kurudzi Oglala Dakota, FBI Guide kunyange kuisa kwaari vakuru vaviri, ane basa iri kutevera danho ose yemakambani vapanduki uye kushuma "kumusoro" riri zvose.

Ayo chikamu, havana usimbe, uye nhengo AIM. Vakadzika musasa pedyo musha kuitira kudzivirira nzvimbo pakumanikidza ehurumende. Tinogona kutaura kuti panguva Pine Ridge aiva nhare kurovedzera, pakati pavo pakange Leonard Peltier.

Pakati mapurisa uye vaigara mumusha uye ipapo pakanga Kusanzwisisana. The kurwisana, kwakaitika maviri muzvitanhatu June 1975, kwakaguma chaizvo zvinosuwisa kuti vazhinji vechikamu ...

On nhasi, vaviri FBI vamiririri akaputsa kupinda remombe Jumping Bull kusunga chinhu Indian vaifungidzirwa hurumende. Alert vechikamu Dai akapindira. Gunfire, izvo kwakaguma FBI, makwai vakaurayiwa. The chiitiko zvakare kwaizourayisa rimwe maIndia muduku kubva ndishushikane. Kupondwa mapurisa mhosva Peltier uye vatatu neshamwari dzake. Nokukurumidza, pamwe yokupedzisira aitarisira akadonhedza, uye Leonard achisendamira pamusoro run.

kuri oparesheni

Pashure zvakaitika zuva June maviri wechitanhatu FBI yakatanga noutsinye kuri kushanda pamusoro maIndia Pine Ridge. Zviito zvavo pamberi ruzhinji vashandi basa anokurudzirwa zvenhema mashoko pamusoro chii vavo vakanga vakatambudzwa, asi umhondi pachayo yakanga kwoutsinye asati afa. Ostensibly nevasori muviri vakanga sezvariri yonhuwa mabara (kunyange chaizvoizvo mumwe nomumwe akagamuchira maronda matatu).

Residents kuchengetedza kutya chombo simba, kwava pasi vachirwisa uye wavharirwa panyaya akaramba kupa uchapupu venhema mumuviri kurwadziswa uye kumanikidzwa mupfungwa.

Kunenge kuti uchapupu wechidiki Native American Myrtle pamusoro Leonard Peltier vakanga kuwana nenzira iyi. Yakati kuti aiva shamwari yepedyo uye mumiririri vaivapo aurayiwe nevamiririri dzavo.

tsvangurudza

Saka, pahwaro hwenhema uchapupu hwenhema mwenga Peltier Leonard - ane mumiririri of American Indian Movement, akanga pamutemo mhosva kupondwa FBI Jack Koulera uye Ronald Williams nevamiririri. Panguva iyoyo, mumwe mupanduki akanga atova kure musha - in Canada, uye simba rake kwazvo kutsvaka States. Kusvikira kusungwa ane zita mhuri mumiririri pandandanda vemhosva gumi vakawanda vaida United States of America.

Zvichakadai, kuferefeta yaifamba. Maererano zvabuda nayo akazviratidza kuti FBI akatanga akuvara uye ipapo akapfura panguva amboita siyana. Akaitawo wokupedzisira bara, maererano vaongorori, ndiye Leonard Peltier, pikicha iyo akasungirirwa pane namatanda zvose.

Kusungwa, kutongwa uye kutendiswa

Kana mamwe maviri kudzivirira nyaya dzakanga mhosva - maIndia Butler uye Robidoux, - pakabva vamwe vavo mupoteri yawana utsinye chaihwo. Uye kuguma Peltier Leonard, ane Biography rakatanga muna North Dakota, kwakawanikwa uye asungwa anenge zviuru zviviri chete kubva kumusha - mutaundi Hinton (Canada). Akasungwa uye akaisa mujeri mujeri oga Canadian, uye gare gare zvifambiswe kunyika yavo.

Paitongwa ane nemumiriri, ari kupomerwa iri kaviri nokuuraya kwakaitika muguta Fargo North Dakota. Pazuva chirimo 1977 yokutanga Peltier Leonard (American Indian Movement nemumiriri) yakawanikwa nemhosva mhosva uye kugara mitsetse upenyu maviri (rimwe nerimwe mumiririri) mujeri. Muna US kumatare kazhinji pane mamiriro ezvinhu kana vanhu vari kugara vakawanda upenyu mitsetse kana kupa "wokumwe" nguva. Somuenzaniso makore zana kana maviri zana. mhando iyi zvirevo zvinorevei kuti pashure pokufa muviri mhosva yomunhu haisi kupiwa hama uye zvasara ake anogona kusiya mujeri chete mushure "yekubva" yanyatsokwana. America ndiyo nyika democratic munyika, chii asingadi kuneta kuyeuchidza nyika enyika ayo. Asi, zvinoshamisa, munyika iyi pachine tsika noutsinye kwakadaro risingagoni kunzi munhu.

Statement na Leonard Peltier

Kunyange kugara mujeri wokuCanada, Peltier akateterera kudare nyika ino uye kuti nyika munharaunda nenzwi mashoko. Akadana kupomera akagadzira uye nyaya - enyika. Kurovedzera vakapomera hurumende US maitiro kutambudzwa "mavara" marudzi kwemazana emakore vaigara munyika America, uye vakanga yanzwa vatorwa chena Reservation. Asi kunyange ndima iyoyo, yakanga akasiyiwa maIndia, maererano Peltier, rakaderedzwawo. White vanhu vari pamusoro runodiwa ane hondo chaiyo, kuedza kutora nyika yavo, rusununguko uye upenyu. The rwizi, izvo maIndia kunwa, dira mekuri tsvina, kundima Reservations vari kujekesa, uye vanhu vari kuedza kudzivirira kodzero vanhu vake, tsitsi kuparadzwa kana kure nenzanga.

Panoperera mashoko ake, Leonard Peltier akabvunza hurumende yeCanada varege kuva pakuuraya ari tsotsi nezviito hurumende US mumuwanise enyika hupoteri. Asi, nhamo, chikumbiro chake haana kupiwa.

Misangano mikuru kutsigira Peltier

Kwapera nguva pashure kutongwa uye matongero zvakava pachena kuti FBI rinovanzirwa vaongorori ndiyo mashoko anokosha chaizvo. Kureva nyanzvi ballistic 'kumhedziso, iyo yaiti kuti mabara zvikaramba kubva mitumbi yevakafa yomuchipatara havana asunungurwa kubva nepfuti Leonarda Peltiera. Mudonzvo basa akazobvuma kuti havazivi akauraya vamwe vavo.

chokwadi ake pamusoro mhosva Peltier pachena sangano "Amnesty International" chisingazivi kumusunungura mhosva kubatanidzwa muhondo, kwakaitika zuva June maviri wechitanhatu, asi mumiriri mhondi haana kuverenga.

Mumwe pashure perimwe kudzivirira nemhosva munhu akatanga kutaura Masangano vakapoteredza nyika, kusanganisira Soviet Union, rave iro kuitwa zviito kutsigira murwi kuti kodzero maIndia. Zuva nezuva yakarira zvinonzwika kupfuura mashoko pamusoro akagadzira nyaya zvayo political background. Kunyange UN kurevererwa kusunungurwa Leonard, asi American Themis zvose kuteerera.

Kukumbira Judge Heaney

Zvisinei, vamwe vamiririri US nezvakatongwa gadziriro ichiri kuedza kudzorera kururamisira. Saka, muna 1991, Mutongi Heaney akati kuti US zviremera zvakanga akakanganisa. Pane tingwarire pakubata maIndia, vakaratidza utsinye uye kumanikidzwa, zvichikonzera chepamutemo okutsutsumwa. Saka, maererano nomutongi, United States hurumende inofanira kugoverana nomutoro yokusagadzikana pamwe vapanduki. Uye mumwe wavo - Peltier Leonard anofanira kuregererwa. Mr Heaney aiedza kuruzhinji kuti mangwanani kusunungurwa nemumiriri raizova nhano inokosha kurutivi kuyananiswa dzairwisana zvikamu American vanhu vabvume.

The kukumbira ruregero

Zvinosuruvarisa kana inzwi masangano anodarika mazana mashanu munyika, kana nharo oMutongi Heaney havana vakateerera. Yakanga chete muna 2009, akabata kunzwa Peltier Chamba Commission.

Maererano US mutemo, musungwa akanga ashumira kwemakore makumi matatu uye havana kuita zvakakomba mhosva vane kodzero kukumbira Chamba. Leonard Peltier kwave mutorongo kupfuura makumi matatu, uye akashandisa rwake rworudyi.

Mudare mumiriri akaita yemaminitsi mapfumbamwe matauriro. Vazhinji chakakomba simba vouched kuti Peltier uye akamuvimbisa rutsigiro tichitarisa pokugara uye basa, kana kusunungurwa.

Dare akaramba asina zvakare, vachitora kurutivi Vachuchisi uye FSB. Ndege kodzero maIndia nhasi chichiri vakapfigirwa. Zvino fume mukana kukumbira ruregero agozviratidza chete muna 2024. Asi kana musungwa vachararama kusvikira nguva ino?

Activities mujeri

Kunyange vari kure vanhu, Peltier anoramba kuitisa nevamwe. mweya wake hauna kuputswa, uye maoko pasi. Makore rokutapwa murwi kodzero maIndia vakaedza kushandisa usefully. Akanyora oupenyu bhuku "Prison Zvinyorwa: Hwangu - My Dance of Sun", yakabudiswa muna 1999, uye akaita mamwe zviito zvakawanda zvinokosha.

Katanhatu Peltier Leonard - anozivikanwa US nemumiriri - akanga nominated kuti Nobel Peace Prize. Uye muna 2004, gore murume uyu akasiyana kunyange akamhanya kuti purezidhendi weUnited States, achisarudza sezvo wezvematongerwo enyika "dzebato rugare uye rusununguko."

Zvinorehwa munhu

President of nemumiriri haana kuva, asi nhasi tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti Peltier Leonard - American gamba uye mumwe enyika yakakurumbira vasungwa aripo. Zvemo vaigara USA ona Peltier uraya uye ake muchengeti ngirozi. Vanhu vazhinji vasina ukama kune maIndia, chaizvo bhuku, rakanyorwa Peltier vake mifananidzo. Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti rukudzo noruremekedzo zvachose - zviri yesimbi kutsunga, rusingakanganiswi mweya uye kuda vanhu vake, nokuti mufaro izvo Leonard Peltier achirwira, kunyange pavaiva mujeri.