Kwakakodzera vhiri kunangiswa. Sei drivability

vhiri kunangiswa kutamba hombe basa mukushanda motokari - noruremekedzo zvakakodzera, ivo achatambanudza upenyu siyana zvinoriumba, uyewo kuvandudza kunyaradzwa kutyaira. Asi vazhinji havanzwisisi sei zvinoenderana navo uye chii rinokuyeuchidza kuita.

Chii chinoitei?

Zvakanakisa, vhiri vanofanira nguva dzose kuiswa chaizvoizvo perpendicular kuti mugwagwa, uye vakadaro vhiri kunangiswa pamakona kubvumira kuti vawane kunonyanyisa isimbe, uye kupa usingashandi nemishonga. Uyezve, zvaidiwa nokutonga ichi kunoderedza Tire kusakara uye mafuta kuparadzwa, iyo inova chaizvo kunobatsirawo kushanda motokari. Zvinosuruvarisa, vavariro yakanaka iyi hakungagoni kukwanisika.

Wheel Alignment kugara kuchinja panguva nokuchinja mugwagwa ezvinhu, mutoro, kana panguva pamakona siyana, saka vagadziri muchivigiro motokari vashoma gumi parameters siyana kusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chinzvimbo ezvinhu akasiyana. Vazhinji parameters aya kuisa sezvo kugara tsika, vamwe vhiri kunangiswa zvinogona kugadziridzwa panguva nokushanda motokari.

In motokari ano uye anoita chete anopa kuchinja kuti parameters dzakadai toe, asi izvi zvinoita kuti zvakanaka divi, munewo payakaipira. Somuenzaniso, kana nokuda mumuviri kukuvara kana akaputsika muviri geometry chassis, rinogona kuitwa vhiri kunangiswa, uye kana igadziridzwe rinoitwa chete convergence, zvinokosha kuita zvakakwana yaitsiva ari kukanganiswa zvikamu, izvo kazhinji kure zvishoma isingadhuri.

Angle kudzikira

It akayera pakati kutwasuka uye mutsetse uyo ichipfuura pakati majana ose bhora mabheyaringi, uye kubereka kutsigirwa vanofamba Pamativi ari mundege akaererana longitudinal akabatana. Zvinobatsira kudzikamisa pavakandirambidza kushamwaridzana nerimwe mavhiri, kureva anobvumira motokari kufamba zvakananga kana mutyairi iri asingabatisisi mudhiraivho. Nokuti ziso kunzwisisa caster vanoyeuka mudhudhudhu kana bhasikoro, umo gozvo mbiru anogara anozendama shure, ndokusaka ari weboka racho, kana akasiya kuchinja kubva pakona engoro, vari kuramba tichiedza kudzokera akarurama nzvimbo.

Akafanirwa kuti caster kana mutyairi iri asingabatisisi mudhiraivho, motokari iri Achinanga, uye pashure akashandura vhiri anotanga vapiwa kudzokera mureza nzvimbo. Kana kushandura pamakona nechemberi engoro, ipapo motokari zvichava zvakaoma kutarisira, nekuti unofanira nguva dzose tekisi, riri kwazvo richikunetesa basa, kwete chete nokuti mutyairi asiwo matai ayo, izvo kusakara nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Kana caster rwuchiwanzwa, ipapo muchina ichatanga kuenda mumugwagwa, sokunge pamakwara uye vhiri kutenderera zvinoda rinorema kwazvo chaiko nesimba. Zvechokwadi, vose pamusoro zvinoshanda zvakawanda rwemberi nemavhiri motokari iyo pamberi ekisero vari yaidzorwa zvishoma zvakasiyana, nekuti duku mberi-vhiri caster akanaka ukoshi kuitira kudzikamisa mavhiri panguva Tikapapfuura uye kana pakarepo braking kana lateral zvinorema.

Kana pamakona ose pavakandirambidza kushamwaridzana nerimwe mavhiri vari configured nepasipo motokari anotanga kuenda nenzira yacho inofamba, uye mutyairi vachafanira kushanda kushanda nesimba kuti asiye motokari yake kuruboshwe uye zvakarurama mumativi.

AND camber angled

It akayera pakati hunyambiri ndege uye vachishandisa kutenderera vhiri. Nemamwe mashoko, pasinei muitiro kufamba kana mutoro kuchinjai tilted pani uye levers kugadzwa pamakona ose pavakandirambidza kushamwaridzana nerimwe mavhiri hama mumugwagwa vanofanira kuramba mukati wainyatsotaura mitemo. Kana yokumusoro chikamu vhiri dzikatsauka kuparara chokunze inonzi zvakanaka, uye kana iri tilted ura - kunaka. Kana paine zvarakasiya kubva murayiro, dzakanga ndakarumbidzwa humboo vhiri kunangiswa, motokari iri kutanga kubvisa kurutivi, uye pane gogonera musvine kusakara.

convergence

Zviri necheparutivi pakati motokari longitudinal akabatana uye vhiri kutenderera ndege. Kugadzwa vhiri chigunwe pamakona anobvumira kuti vabudirire zvakarurama nzvimbo panguva aimhanya dzose uye, pasinei motokari gozvo pamakona. Kana kuine rakawedzera convergence, ichi chinokurwadzai kuti sawtooth kusakara pamusoro rokunze chikamu musvine, apo uchinzwa pakona zvakafanana chaizvo romukati. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana matambudziko akadaro anogona kutanga squealing matai panguva cornering dzinokwanisa kwakaderedza controllability pamusoro motokari, uye mafuta kuparadzwa yekudyidzana kunowedzera, sezvo pane zvakawanda rinopfungaira nemishonga nechemberi engoro, izvo kwakakanganisa rinokanganisa motokari Tikapapfuura.

Kuwedzera kune izvi, munewo pamakona, panowanikwa chiri chisingadiwi - bato iri pamakona uye displacements rimwe kana kupfuura namasanhu. Kana muchairi akatarisana nematambudziko akadaro, unofanira kutumira motokari kuti motokari kuwacha, apo pamakona Makumbo achapiwa kuongororwa nenyanzvi. "Nissan" uye dzimwe motokari yepamusoro yokumwe zvakare pasi nezvinetso zvakafanana, uye kana ani kakawanda kupfuura zvakafanira kugadzirisa kuturika kana kuti kudzorera muviri motokari.

Kana uye nei mutemo rinoitwa?

In motokari dzakawanda Nissan mavanga, Vaz, uye vamwe kuti havana vakapakata kuturika "McPherson", akoromoke pamberi mavhiri kazhinji duku yakanaka ukoshi (kubvira ^{0 kusvika} 45), nokudaro achidzikisa kuedza pamusoro mudhiraivho, uyewo kuderedzwa chinja kuti dzidziso ose jerks. Kana motokari iri kuvhiyiwa kuturika "McPherson", mavhiri zvishoma kana asina kunaka AND camber.

Mukushanda dzakasiyana siyana nezvokuzadziswa kuturika vari pasi kwomuzvarirwo yabvaruka, nokudaro chibharo kugadzwa pamakona. Ndokusaka nguva nenguva (maererano nemirayiridzo) vanofanira kuyera pamakona ose rwemberi engoro uye, kana zvakakodzera, kuti kubata mutemo wavo.

Kazhinji "unscheduled" kuchinja kunodiwa motokari ano mushure kudhumhana nemarudzi ose Nomumakomba kana zvipingamupinyi, uye pashure kutora chikamu mutsaona kwakaguma kuvadza muviri. Kana ukaona chero kuchinja unhu muchina nokuda Pakadaro, unofanira pakarepo ugozvitumira basa yemapurisa.

Uyezve, zvangoitikawo kuti tinofanira kuenda "razvalschikam" pashure zvikamu vakanga kwakatsiva kuturika uye gozvo, kukanganisa chinzvimbo Makumbo.

Kana usina nemiedzo chero pamusoro apa, asi unofunga kuti une parameters kuti vhiri kunangiswa anobatwa chibharo, wozoedza kuongorora mamiriro ano uye kunzwisisa chii kuti pakurukurwa nokuchinja unhu tikachirega. Somuenzaniso, kana iwe akashandisa mamwe mavhiri akanga, iri nyaya kusaenzana kunogona kuitika vibration uye gogonera musvine kusakara. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti kana kukwana tightening vhiri nekiyi motokari anogona neapo nokudzungudza, uye kuwedzera, tai kuremara, inosiyana, mapatani uye kunyange ukuru pombi kungakonzera zvemamiriro unhu motokari yako mumugwagwa.

Kana motokari anorega parutivi, kazhinji zvinoitika nokuda braking engoro, uyewo nokuda kukundikana ari akamedura mashandiro, ukuwo wakaputsika kuvhunduka absorbers kukanganisa maitiro motokari yako mumugwagwa. Heavy kutenderera booster imhaka zvinetso hydraulic actuator, uye kuderera tsvimbo kunze chinokonzera vhiri mabheyaringi.

Saka, nguva dzose pane "chivi" iri pamakona Makumbo. Tumabhodhoro netumidziyo nezvimwe mota mudzimba anonyanya kubatwa munhu atadze kushanda zvakanaka zvakadaro, saka zvakanakisisa kutanga vachiongorora nawo.

Where kugadzirisa?

Chokutanga, edza kuwana here nemazvo vanatenzi, uye musaedza kutsvaka vanhu vane zvakanaka zvokushandisa uye dzekuturika mikoko. Service anofanira kusarudzwa maererano nezvavanoda, sezvo zvimwe iwe uchava kubhadhara chii iwe ukarega chaizvoizvo vasingadi.

Somuenzaniso, kana muchina uri mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, uye muchida aongorore uye kuchinja toe, izvi hazvirevi hazvo kushandisa 3D chemwenje panzvimbo yacho vhiri pamakona. An ruzivo nyanzvi chose zvinetso zvakadaro, vachishandisa tambo tsvimbo uye mureza vachasimudza, uye zvakafanana mugumisiro ichapa zvikuru mari yakaderera. Kana uchida kuongorora zvose geometry, pane kare chaizvoizvo kuda michina.

Ko michina?

Rinomira, iro achiongorora vhiri kunangiswa uye kuchinja, vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri huru - kombiyuta uye Manyiminya. Yega ine yayo zvinhu uye zvakanakira.

Manyiminya

mikoko aya rakakamurwa mhando mbiri - Laser uye danda. Kare sechiedza bhuku iri filament mwenje. Zvinyorwa zviviri zviri ngadzirambe pamakuyo, uye parutivi uye pamberi motokari akatasva kuyera sefa apo chiedza danda riri projected. Kana nokudzorwa pamakona Makumbo mumotokari, matanda vanotorayirwa kuti tambo nemizariro, riri pamberi muchina. Laser uyewo vari rakanyatsorurama uye vari nyore kushanda pamwe tenzi pachake. Kurutivi rumwe norumwe ari vachasimudza kana gomba akatasva metering sefa pakati iro buri yakaitwa, panopinda lasers tinotungamirirwa pane mumwe. On mavhiri hwavapo girazi umo mwaranzi zvinoratidzwa pamusoro sefa.

Kunakisa Manyiminya zvigaro zviri nyore uye rakavimbika kushandiswa uye tichishandisa mari shoma, asi zvazvakaipira zvikuru chinokosha. Kutanga, ivo zvishoma yakarurama zvichienzaniswa kombiyuta, anogona kushanda panguva chete imwe akabatana ari motokari, uye regai kupa mukana kushandisa chaiye umbowo date yokutevedzera. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, havana mukana kuyera parameters akawanda kuti unhu zvinonyatsorehwa "geometry" mumotokari. Saka, kana motokari iri kuvhiyiwa multi-kubatana kuturika, tarisa uye kuchinja makumbo pamusoro Manyiminya zvigaro zviri contraindicated.

kombiyuta

Izvi mhando anomira anewo subspecies maviri - iri 3D uye CCD (the Sarudza). Kare panguva vhiri rimwe wakaiswa kuyera misoro, vane mashoko zvichaparadzwa kupatsanurwa ne kombiyuta. By nzira inoshandiswa nokuda kwokubatana pakati pamapuranga kunogona Cordova misoro uye michini that no wired kana Wireless. Yokupedzisira mhando pari rakajairika, asi kana iwe sarudza unofanira kufunga kuti kusvikira nhasi dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kombiyuta inomira pamwe wakashama loop chine functionality ane mugove kuipa, ichienzaniswa namano yakavharwa.

Zvakanakira kombiyuta icharamba vari pachena: multitasking, zvikuru yakakwirira zvakarurama, kukwanisa kuyera zvakawanda unhu, uyewo nokushandisa akaramba achiudza Database. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti midziyo iyi rinoshandiswa ane unyanzvi hwakasiyana chirongwa inoudza hurongwa kutevedzana. Asi zvakadaro hazvisi pasina payakaipira - vanongoda asi kusimba sensors, uye vanovimba chiedza uye tembiricha ezvinhu.

With veMubatanidzwa kombiyuta 3D-mikoko kwakaitika chaizvoizvo kumukira mumunda yokuedzwa uye vhiri kunangiswa. On pakaunda pamberi motokari ndee kamera chaiyo unokubvumira kugadzirisa nzvimbo mapurasitiki tichifungisisa vanonangwa pamakuyo hwakakwana zvakarurama. Kuyera yorusvingo, anongoti kuchovha motokari neshure masendimita 20-30 chete, uye ipapo kutsausa mudhiraivho kwakasiyana-siyana. Pashure paizvozvo, mashoko akawana kubva pavhidhiyo makamera, vachinyatsoongorora kupatsanurwa nokuda kombiyuta, akadzika anodiwa geometrical parameters munguva chaiyo. Michina kwakadaro kunzi "muchina chiono".

Special kutarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa kuti chokwadi kuti ano 3D-anoratidza kusiyana vamwe, asingagoveri aifanira afadzewo motokari pamusoro zvakakwana sandara penyika.

nemicheka hunoshamisa

Vakatuma alignments zvinogona chete kushandiswa kana iwe akanaka gozvo uye kuturika uye napamberi kugadziridzwa chichaitwa, tenzi inofanira kuongororwa parameters izvi. The muchina rwakasimudzwa pamusoro vachasimudza, uye ipapo nyanzvi inoongorora uye kunoita engoro, levers, tsvimbo, namatsime kuita hondo zvimwe zviito zvakafanira.

Hazvina fanira kunoyerwa uye, kana zvakakodzera, vakauya kuna zvakajairika tai kufurirwa. Kana backlash iri guru, kana chero mumuviri kukuvara zvikamu nyanzvi vanofanira hazvo kumisa nzira uye kuramba ane yeGmail.END_STRONG ari kuchinja, kana iwe usingagoni kugadzirisa dambudziko iri panzvimbo.

Kana achiri asina kuwanikwa chero abnormality, motokari akatasva chinjikira papuratifomu, uye ipapo akatakudza zvizere maererano mugadziri wacho audzwa. Nemamwe mashoko, kana chirimwa vakanga wainyatsotaura pamakona kuti yakananga mutoro, pachava zvakananga kutyorwa kuedza kugadziridza kuti chose chinhu muchina. Kuisa kuturika zvikamu zvayo kushanda munzvimbo yokutanga ine simba prozhimayut, kudzvanya kumashure uye pamberi motokari. Kuti tidzivise zvakakomba zvikanganiso panguva kuyerwa, vakatakura munhu rokutanga runout muripo nyaya chemwenje rinoitwa kuchinja. Kuti tiite nzira iri re tenzi akabatana, mavhiri vari wakaiswa gauges, uye ipapo vachava Mupumburu. On ano 3D-anomira muripo rinoitwa pasina yakarembera pedyo rinopfungaira muchina kwakasiyana-siyana achishandisa 20-30 cm.

Sei igadziridzwe?

Sezvo vose chokugadza pamakona vari dyidzana, kana nokugadzirisa nyanzvi vanoedza kutevera chaiwo chaizvo kutevedzana. First pane murau Castor, uye ipapo kuchinja kare pasi nzira AND camber uye toe. Ruzhinji rwakapindura mota ano wokumwe rinoitwa chete kuisa wokupedzisira parameter.

Nokugadzirisa Castor kunosanganisira kuchinja kuwanda zvinangwa, pamwe mavhiri mumotokari braked braking hurongwa (asi kwete hendibhureki) - rinoshandiswa muna okudhindira vakazvitsaurira chitiviri zvechizarira. Kutaura zvazviri, Castor kuchinja nzira imwe zvikuru nguva yakawanda kuti 'razvalschikov "Zvinoda nguva yakawanda, uye vakawanda havadi nayo. Dzimwe nyanzvi vangatova akatema mbezo zvinangwa, apo vamwe havambokwanisi omerera Castor kana kuedza vabvume vatengi vavo kuti angled ichi kuitira, saka nguva dzose zvakakodzera kungwarira.

Kugadzirisa AND camber kaviri wishbones kuitwa saizvozvo sokune pamwe Castor. On kuturika kuti mhando "MacPherson" kakawanda, kuchinja AND camber iri kuitwa kutenderera chaiyo eccentric bhaudhi, izvo rack iri zvakabatanidzwa ari goona, asi vamwe embodiments angashandiswa. Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe mhando, panzvimbo bhaudhi chinokosha yemasiraidhi mashandiro kana vogadzirisa maatomu akafanana anogona kuiswa pa mujinga mhikuriso. Panewo mazano akadaro umo AND camber kugadziridzwa rinoitwa nevanhu anozunungusa idenderedzwa kubereka.

Usati vaite kuchinja kubva convergence, nyanzvi anofanira kutanga kuisa pakati nzvimbo rack, uye vhiri vanofanira twasu, uye yakatarwa rinokosha zvechizarira. The kuchinja chinoitwa nokuchinja vachishandisa kutenderera coupling lugs kurutivi rumwe norumwe (chero nyaya kwete ekuteerera). Chimwe chiratidzo rworudyi oparesheni ndiwo rakananga gozvo nzvimbo isina kururama ari Linear zvitange. Kanenge maererano chikamu ichi unogona nguva dzose kuona kuchinja zvakadini, uye kana vanogona kukubatsira kukurira matambudziko panguva Pataidzokera unhu chaiitirwa.