Kutora nzira yekugadzirisa kukakavadzana mumatare ekutonga. Legal advice

IAIC inopa mazano ekugadzirisa kusagadzirisa. Kazhinji vanobvumira vatori vechikamu muhukama hwekupesana kuti vasvike kubvumirana pamutengo wakaderera. Ngatitsveii kuti tifungei kuti kuronga kwepfungwa ndei.

General information

Nzira yekufananidza kwekugadzirisa kukakavadzana mumatare ekugadzirisa (Chigwaro 5 para 4 cheAAPC) inokurudzira mutemo wehumwe hutano husati hwasvika kubvuma kwechibvumirano chegwaro rakagamuchirwa. Maererano nemurairo uyu, zvinotenderwa kune mamwe mapoka ematambudziko. Mutemo wokubvumirana, saka, haubvumi kuiswa kwechiito kunze kwekuchengeta kwayo.

Nyaya

Mutongo wekutanga wekutonga kwemakakatanwa ndeimwe yemhando dzekudzivirira kodzero. Inosanganisira mukuedza kutsvaga chisarudzo chinogamuchirwa kune avo vanotora chikamu pane zvavanosungirwa izvo zvisati zvaitika mushure mekunge mvumo yacho iendeswa kumutemo wakagamuchirwa. Kubvumirana kunoratidza kuti nzira iyi yekubvisa kukakavara yakakurumbira nhasi. Inoshandiswa kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kusunga kwayo kusati kwasimbiswa nemutemo.

Zviri mukati

Nzira yekutsvaga yekugadzirisa kukakavadzana mumatare ekugombedzera kunoderedzwa kusvika kune zviito zvinotevera. Uyo anokwereta (uyo anenge akakumbira ramangwana) anopa kune akakwereta (mumiririri) chido chekuzadzikiswa kwezvinyorwa uye zvepamutemo zvinotenderwa neavo. Izvo zvinotaurwa zvakanyorwa mukunyora. Iri rine chiratidzo chezvisungo chairo uye chiyeuchidzo chokuti chinofanira kubhadharwa. Uyu anopa chikwereti apa anosimbisa nguva yakakodzera yekuzadzikiswa kwekutsvaga. Mushure mokutuma, anomirira mhinduro. Munhu ane chikwereti anogona kuzvipira achizvipira kubhadhara chikwereti kana kupa shanduro yaro yekuita kwayo. Kana pakanga kusina mhinduro kubva kwaari, uye chikwereti chakanga chisina kubhadharwa, zvino inofungidzirwa kuti uyo anokweretesa anoteerera nematongerwo emitemo yekugadzirisa kukakavadzana. Mumatare ekutonga, nguva ichave yakakosha mukufungisisa nyaya yacho. Mukuda kwekuti mukwereti anotungamirira, nguva inonzwisisika inofanira kusimbiswa, kureva, iyo iyo yakakwereta inogona kubhadhara chikwereti. Kutongwa-kutongwa kunogona kusanganisira kusungirwa kwemunhu ane chikwereti kuti ashande kune mamwe masimba ehurumende asati atora mhosva.

Normative base

Nzira yekutsvaga yekugadzirisa kukakavadzana mumatare ekugombedzera kunogadziriswa, kana izvi zvichitsanangurwa mumutemo kana kuti zvakasimbiswa musimboti. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti urongwa hwemagariro ehurumende huripo hunoita kuti zviyero zviri pasi apa zvive zvakanyanyisa. Pakati pavo ndeye Civil Code. Art. 452 chinhu 2 chinopa kuti chidimbu pamusoro pekugumisa / kugadziriswa kwebvumirano kunogona kuziviswa nemunhu anenge atora mutero chete mushure mekunge vagamuchira kurambwa kune imwe sangano yezvinodiwa kana kuti kana mhinduro yacho isingagamuchirwi munguva yakatarwa nguva. Kana iyi yakasarudzwa isati yatariswa, zvino seyo nguva yekutarisa, mazuva makumi matatu anogamuchirwa. Semuenzaniso wekare, Art. 797 CC. Maererano nemutemo, kusati kwasvika kunounzwa kune anotakura nechishuwo chinobva pachibvumirano chekutakura kwezvinhu, mukwereti anomanikidzwa kuchengeta nzira yekutsvaga yekugadzirisa kukakavadzana. Mune dare rekugadzirisa, sarudzo ichaongororwa chete pamusana wekuramba kusarura kana zvachose kwesangano rebasa kubhadhara zvisungo kana kuti kukundikana kugamuchira mhinduro mukati memwedzi. Chinodiwa chinofanira kutumirwa maererano nemitemo yakagadzirirwa nekutakura kodhi kana nemutemo.

Tsanangudzo yezvipo

Mune dzimwe nheyo nemitemo, zvipikisano zvinopesana zvekugadzirisa nzira zvinowedzera kuwedzerwa. Muhurukuro yekutonga mukutongwa kwevakuru vane kodzero vanotungamirirwa na:

1. Chikwangwani chekutakurwa kwezvitima zve 10.01.2003, № 18. Muna Art. 120, chiito ichi chinowanzoita kuti, tisati taisa chirevo nechishuvo chekutakura, kudai kunofanira kuitwa pasina kukwana. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mutemo uyu unoshanda kwete chete kumatambudziko ekufambisa zvinhu, asiwo mutoro.
2. Kodhu Yokutengeserana Mutengesi. MuArt. 403 KTM yakatsunga kuti isati yatumira mhosva kumatare, uyo ane chikwereti anofanira kupa chikwereti kune akakwereta.
3. Kodhi yemvura (mukati) kutakura. Muchiito ichi chinowanzoitwa, nzira yekutsvaga yave yakanyanya kuwedzerwa. Kunyanya, Mutemo unotaura kuti usati waisa sutu yakabatanidzwa nekutakura mitoro, vatashamba, mutoro, pamwe nekuchera nzvimbo yacho, zvakakosha kupa zvitsva kuvanhu vane mutoro. Iri urongwa rwuri muArt. 161.
4. The Air Code. MuArt. 124, chinangwa 3 Zvakasimbiswa kuti kubvunzwa kunosungirwa kusati kwasvika kuiswa kwezvokutaura mukuputsa kwemitemo yesimboti yekutakura kwepeji yemotokari kana mail.
5. Chibvumirano chemotokari yekutakura. Muchikamu che158 zvakatemwa kuti musati maisa mvumo ne consignee / kutumira kune anotakura (bhizimisi kana sangano), kudai kunofanira kuiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakadaro, pane zvimwe zvinopesana. Chokutanga pane zvose, mutemo uyu haisi mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika. MuArt. 5 yeBurumende Mutemo Nhamba 71 inotungamirira kushandiswa kweAAPC, inotarirwa kuti nzira iri pamusoro apa isati yatongwa inoshandiswa kumatambudziko akaitika zvisati zvabvumirwa nemutemo unoenderana nekuita. Zvichakadaro, pasi peBurumende Mutemo Nhamba 96, Mutemo Nhamba 71 wakaratidzwa sekurega kuvapo kubva munaSeptember 1, 2002, kunze kweArt. 9. Izvi zvinotevera kubva pane izvi izvo zvataurwa pamusoro apa. 5 uyewo haina mvumo yepamutemo.
6. FZ Nha. 126 uye 176. Muchidimbu. 55 uye unyanzvi. 37, zvakakodzera, zvakakosha kutumira kunyunyuta kune anoshanda nemushandisi wekukurukurirana kana zvisina kukwana kushanda kana kukundikana kuita maererano nemitemo yesimboti yekugoverwa kwebasa / basa.

Akafambiswa

Sezvo kururamisa kunoratidzira, hazvirevi nguva dzose nguva inokwanisika kusiyanisa pakati pekumanikidzwa kutumira kwezvakaitwa nemunhu ane chikwereti kumunhu ane chikwereti kubva kune izvo zvinonzi kunyeverwa uye kurongerwa. Iyo yekupedzisira inoita semamiriro ezvinhu echinzvimbo chakasimudzira, izvo, zvakare, inoumba hwaro hwekushanda uye nyaya yehuchapupu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mutongi angada kubatsirwa nemutemo. Pakati pezviito zvinowanikwa umo "nyevero" inotaurwa pamusoro apa inofanotaurwa, Civil Code inofanira kutaurwa. Somuenzaniso, muArt. 286 yakasimbiswa kuti mutumbi wehutongi hwemunharaunda kana hurumende, hune hutano hunosanganisira chisarudzo chokubata nyika maererano nezvakanotsanangurwa neArt. 284-285 yeCh Code, pamwe chete nemitemo yekutanga kuziviswa kwevatenzi vezvikamu zvekuputsika kwakaitwa navo, inopiwa neLC. Kana muridzi wepaiti achizivisa nekunyora sarudzo yakagamuchirwa yakagamuchirwa chisarudzo chakakodzera, pamvumo, nzvimbo yeimba yake inogona kutengeswa munharaunda yevoruzhinji. Kana muridzi wacho achipesana nemubhadharo, mutumbi wakaita chisarudzo pamusoro peizvi une kodzero yekuisa kudare redzimhosva.

Mutero wemitero

Mutemo wekubvumirana unowanzotarisana ne NK. Mutero Wemitero unopa mitemo, maererano nezvayo, mushure mokuita chisarudzo chekuita munhu anenge ane mhosva yekuparwa kwakagadziridzwa naye, kodzero yepamusoro inoshandira pamwe nemhosva yekuregererwa kwechirevo kubva kwaari. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, mutero wokuongorora unofanirwa kugovera mubhadharo kana chimwe chikamu chekubhadhara mari yakakodzera zvakakodzera. Kana chiitiko chekuramba kwechikwereti, kana kuti iyo yakatarwa nguva yekubhadhara kwechirango inoshaikwa, hurumende yepamusoro inogona kushanda kudare.

ФЗ Nha. 948-1 ye RSFSR

Muchirevo chinonzi "normative act" (pamwe nekugadziriswa nekugadziriswa kwakagadziriswa) kurongedza nharaunda yemakwikwi nekudzivirira basa rekuita basa, Art. 20 inotarirwa kuti kana uyo anenge asina kubvumirwa asina kugamuchira mhinduro kubva kune FAS pane zvaanenge apedza mumwedzi miviri kana asingabvumirani nechisarudzo, anogona kushanda kudare. Iko kuverenga kweiyo nguva inoitwa kubva pazuva raakagamuchira nehurumende yakagamuchirwa yeshoko rakakodzera rinobva kune imwe sangano.

Mutemo wePentent

Maererano neArt. 21, chikamu 9 cheMutemo weChishanu Nha. 3517-1 (pamwe nekugadziriswa kwakagamuchirwa uye kugadziriswa), kana chisarudzo chekupa chibvumirano chekugadzirwa kwechirongwa chinorambwa kana chikarambidzwa, uye kana chikumbiro chacho chikatorwa, munhu anofarira angaisa kukanganisa kweChechi yakagamuchirwa pasi pesimba guru rehurumende Mumwedzi mitanhatu kubva pazuva raakagamuchira chiitiko chakanaka. Chisarudzo chechiitiko ichocho chinofanira kubvumidzwa nemusoro wehutano hunoita mabasa mumunda wezvidzidzo zvepfungwa. Ichi chisarudzo chinouya kushanda kubva panguva yekugamuchirwa uye inogona kupomerwa mudare.

Mutengo wemitemo

MuChristian Law No. 14, yakarondedzerwa kuti kana pasina kubvumirana pamusoro pekugadzwa kwemitengo yekupisa nemagetsi, vatengesi nevatengi, nzvimbo dzomunyika dzemagetsi dzine kodzero yekushandira kuGavhuna simba rekugadzirisa kwavo. Nharo dzakabatana nehurumende mutemo wemitengo, kusanganisira iyo isingazobviswa mumutumbi iwoyo, inotarisirwa kugadziriswa kwekutonga. Parizvino, Federal Federal No. 38, izvi zvakagadziriswa. Nhauri dzinomuka apo kushandisa Federal Law Nhamba ye14 yakatumirwa kuHurumende uye sangano guru rezvematongerwo enyika rekutonga pamusoro pezvisikwa zvitsvene. Maererano nenyanzvi, izvi hazvirevi kuti zvinotenderwa kutongerwa kutonga kwematongerwo emakakatanwa pasi peState Law No. 14.

Customs Code

Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kare pane chinyorwa. 57, iyo yakapa "chikwata chekutanga", icho, chaizvoizvo, chakaita sechisarudzo chekutanga. Zvisinei, maererano neArt. 46 (chirevo 1) cheMutemo, kuisa kunyunyuta pamusoro pokusateerera / kushanda kwechimiro chetsika kana mushandi wake haaisi mukana wekutevera kana kugovera panguva imwe chete kushandiswa kwezvakangofanana neyokutanga.

Contractual relations

Vanogonawo kupa mvumo yekutsvaga. Panguva imwecheteyo, rugwaro rwebvumirano rinofanira kuratidza kuti ndeapi nyaya dzinofanira kugadziriswa nenzira iyi. Sezvo mutemo, vatori vechikamu munyaya yekutengeswa havagadziri dhipatimendi rakasiyana rinopa chibvumirano chekutanga-chema mapato. Kazhinji mumutsara wegvumirano chepakutanga pane kungosarudzwa pamusoro peizvi. Parizvino, zviitiko zvose zvinokonzerwa nekuputsika nemumwe wezvinyorwa zvekutengesa hazvigone kufungidzirwa. Panyaya iyi, kazhinji, kunyange kana pane kukodzera kwakachengetwa mubvumirano, vatori vechikamu vehukama hwepamutemo vanoda rubatsiro rwepamutemo.

Nuances

Basa rinokosha kune vane chikwereti kana paine nharo dzemamiriro ezvinhu ndekupedzisa kwechibvumirano chemashoko ayo anobatsira ivo pachavo. Mamiriro ezvinhu muhupenyu anogona kunge akasiyana kwazvo, maererano, zvikonzero izvo sangano rakaputsa chikamu, chinogona kuva chero. Kunyange zvakadaro, vatori vechiitiko vanoita zvematongerwo enyika muhukama hwepamutemo vanowanzowana kugadzirisa. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti izvi zvinobatsira kune chikwereti, sezvo chibvumirano chekutanga-soro chichachengetedza nguva, simba uye mari yekutongwa. Kutanga, iwe unoda kunyatsogadzirisa zvaunoda.

Zvikamu zvekuunganidza

Kutaura kwakagadzirwa, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, mukunyora. Mutemo hauiti kuti zvidimbu zvidimbu zvezvinyorwa zviripo. Zvisinei, inofanira kusanganisira:

1. Zita romunhu anenge akakumbira, iyo data pamusoro pekunyorwa kwehurumende.
2. Tsamba yesangano.
3. Bhizinesi dzinoda.
4. Nzvimbo dzekutumira kudai. Zvinogona kuva (zvichienderana nehutano hwebvumirano) kukanganisa kwakakwana kana kukwana kwematoro, kukanganisa pfuma, kuperevedza kwezvinhu, kutengesa pakuendesa nezvimwewo zvakadaro.
5. Kukura kwekutsvaga kwemhosva imwe neimwe zvakasiyana, kubhadhara, invoice, kadhi rechikwereti, zvinyorwa, nezvimwewo.
6. Runyorwa rwemashoko akabatanidzwa mukutsigira zvinodiwa.

Chirevo chacho chakasayirwa neavo vanoita. Kana mumiriri achiita kune uyo ane chikwereti, simba rake rinofanira kusimbiswa nesimba rewe gweta.

Nguva

Zvinofungidzirwa nemabasa akawanda ekusimudzira, pakati payo ndeaya akanyorwa pamusoro apa. Maererano neArt. 123 yeTearway Charter, kudai kune anotakura kunogona kuiswa mumwedzi mitanhatu, uye pamusoro pezvikwereti uye mubhadharo - mazuva mashanu. Nguva yeArt. 406 MWC. Iyo inopindirana nemutemo wekukwanisa kwekutumira kwezvirevo kumatare. Mamiriro akafanana aripo muArt. 161 (ndima 4) yeMutemo weMvura (Inland) Kutakura. Kana pane kukanganisa nemutakuri wemhepo yemitemo yesungano, kudai kunogona kuiswa mumwedzi mitanhatu. Mutemo uyu unogadzirwa unhu. 126 ye Code yakakodzera. Nzira yekutumira kudai inofanira kusarudzwa kuitira kuti izvi zvigone kuve zvichitevedzwa. Sezvo mutemo, vanhu vanofarira vanozvitumira kuburikidza netsamba nenzira yeshoko rakanyoreswa nekunyoresa kwechiziviso chekugamuchira. Imwe nzira ndeyokupa iwe pachako kune yakagamuchira. Zvisinei, iyi nzira haisi yakakurumbira, nokuti mumwe wevamwe vanogona kuramba kuina uye kazhinji vanobvuma kudai.

Reply

Inenge dzose dzese dzekutakura nhepfenyuro uye makarita vane basa rekuzivisa munhu anenge asarudza sarudzo yakatorwa. Kana iyo isingatauri mumutemo kana mutemo, mutungamiri wemhinduro ndeyekodzero yemunhu anonyora. Zvinotarisirwa nehuwandu hwayo zvinongoratidzwa mune dzimwe nyanzvi dzekusimudzira. Semuenzaniso, ivo varipo muTereji Charter muArt. 124. Kana iyo nyanzvi inosarudza kuramba kugutsa kudai, mhinduro yacho inofanira kuva yakarurama. Inofanira kufananidzira zvinyorwa kune zvinyorwa zve normative izvo nyaya yacho yakatungamirirwa. Kana chisarudzo chikaitwa kuti chigutse chirevo chacho, mhinduro inofanira kunge ine rondedzero yenzira iyo kubvunzwa kuri kuzadzika. Mukuwedzera, tsanangura nguva iyo vachazoitwa nayo.

Migumisiro yekusapindirana nezvinodiwa nemitemo

Maererano neArt. 126 chitsauko 7 cheAAPC, zvinyorwa zvinofanira kubatanidzwa pamhosva inoratidza kuti munhu anenge aita mutevedzeri aiteerera nemitoo yekutsvaga, kana zvichibvumirwa nemitemo kana kontrakiti. Migumisiro yekukundikana kutevedzera izvi zvinotarisirwa zviri muArt. 128 peji 1 yeMutemo. Kana ikasimbiswa panguva yekufungisisa kwechikumbiro iyo yakaiswa mukuputsa mitemo inotaurwa muArt. 125-126 yemagariro ehurumende uye zvemabhizimisi, sangano rinogamuchirwa rinotonga chirevo, icho chiito chinosara pasina kufamba. Pamwe chete neizvi, dare rinosarudza nguva iyo izvo zvikanganiso zvakarongeka zvinofanira kururamiswa. Kana munhu anofarira asina kubvisa kukanganisa, izvozvi zvinotarisirwa kudzoka. Kana dare rekugombedzera, mushure mokugamuchira chikumbiro chekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, rinoratidza kuti nzira yekutsvaga haina kubvumirwa neanomupomera, zvido zvaro zvinosara pasina kufungidzirwa. Iri urongwa hunosimbiswa art. 148 yehutano hwekugadzirisa.

Ndiani ane kodzero yekuita kudai?

In emakambani, sezvinoita mutemo, inopa mukana wepamutemo dhipatimendi, vane mabasa anosanganisira rutsigiro yepamutemo kambani. The mabasa vashandi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Anovhura uye mharidzo nekambani zvido mumatare. Saizvozvowo, nyanzvi dziri kushanda pamwe magwaro akasiyana-siyana kubva Contractors, uye hurumende masangano. Zvichakadai, pakarepo drafting kutenda uye hazvigoni vanobatanidzwa kutsanangurwa mabasa avo. Izvi imhaka yokuti Kusagutsikana counterparties inogona kureva zvakasiyana nzvimbo zvavakanga vachida kuita. Somuenzaniso, kambani akatambira kunyunyuta pamusoro kunonoka pakukurukura. Nokuti mabhuku acho kwenhumbi kusangana yokuchengetera zvinhu vashandi. Nokudaro, vanogona kutsanangura nei kukurukura yakanonoka kana nekusiyana, womuratidza invalidity ari kutaura. Dambudziko repamutemo munyika zvebhizimisi ndiko kuongorora zvaidiwa mapepa zvinodiwa mutemo. Saka, vashandi nezvimwe vamapoka boka anokonzera chiito icho vanoti achatorwa, vanoumba mhinduro nayo (kana pachake kana kutyora chaitwa ne counterparty). Mazvikokota zvemutemo dhipatimendi achaongorora kuti yakarurama rokugadzirira yayo, kuvapo zvose zvaidiwa vakasaina.

zvakawanikwa

The chibvumirano pakati vechikamu yevagari turnover nguva dzose presupposes kuvapo yakananga njodzi. Chero zvazvingava, zvingangoita kuti, nokuti chero kwezvikonzero, asi counterparty anogona kutyora chibvumirano vaibva. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hapasi kutevera pakarepo kunokumbira. Tinofanira kutanga kuedza kugadzirisa kusawirirana pasina kushandisa zvokutonga kuchengetedzwa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vadyidzani havagoni kuwana nzira yokubuda. Muzviitiko apo counterparties havadi kuti zvichemo, hapana chimwezve anoramba, asi kuunza chiito. Zvichakadai, kunyange pashure pokutora kufunga pamusangano vemapato kuti mukakavadzane wokutanga vanokokwa kuti kusvika nzwisisa. Nokubvumira kugarwa chibvumirano - imwe nzira kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu.