Dissonant shoko, asi kutonga zvakakosha dzevagari uye dzakawanda mutemo - Restitution. Chii uye sei rinoshandiswa - dingindira ino.
Kuripira iri pamutemo hurongwa vaRoma vekare
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti ano Western pamutemo hurongwa hwakavakirwa mutemo weRoma. Zvaiva muRoma kekutanga akaratidza nzvimbo private uye voruzhinji mutemo. Civil kurudyi - ndiyo mitemo vehurumende nyaya, umo nevaRoma akapinda, kusanganisira somugumisiro kwemamiriro kwema. Kudzorera murayiro weRoma raishandiswa chaiwo, kubvumira praetor kudzorera mamiriro ezvinhu ari mamiriro ezvinhu sezvo zvakanga asati kwemamiriro kutengeserana. Nokuti chibvumirano ichi chaizivikanwa ndedzenhema. Izwi iri rakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "kupora," kudzokera kuna hwepakutanga. Saka, munhu zvakananga migumisiro invalidity of kutengeserana muRoma aiva kuchiripa. Izvi zvinorevei uchidzidzira? Praetor mu aakatipa nyaya vaigona kusvika pakugumisa kuti aita ngaakuitirei haisi zvakanaka, saka vanoziva nayo ndonda, uye mumwe webato akagamuchira chii yavo naye.
Russian vehurumende mutemo
Kuripira ari muhurumende mutemo Russian Federation angosimuka vamwe kuchinja kwayo kugutsikana. Court rakadzima ari kutengeserana, uye ipapo kupinda simba pamusoro nezvemigumisiro yacho invalidity. Zvichienderana ndechokuti kwemamiriro kutengeserana kubva pakutanga akanga asina chikonzero chepamutemo mumwe bato anofanira kudzokera pfuma yavo.
Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro kupa rubatsiro, mabasa, vanofanira ndanyarara hangu nokuti mari nemashoko. Saka, kudzoka pfuma vari vaviri mashandiro nokuda kutengeserana, riri kuzivikanwa sezvo ndedzenhema. Origin conventionally inonzi kudzorera pfuma. Naye, mumwe webato anowana pfuma chii, iyo akabata vakasimudza akasaina kondirakiti. murau uyu anouya simba, kunyange kana mumwe mapato haana kodzero yacho iyo yave Kutamiswa ne kondirakiti. Somuenzaniso, nenhatu kuyaruka akatengesa mudhudhudhu yababa vake. Nokufamba kudzorera pfuma anofanira kuidzorerwa, kunyange haasi muridzi chaiye.
The mashandiro chechipiri - a compensatory kuchiripa. It kunoratidzwa ne muripo wemari nokuda kwemabasa, mabasa kana kushandisa pfuma, iyo kwakaitika somugumisiro mumatare ukama. Uyewo, urongwa uhwu anopinda simba, kana pfuma kwave kune imwe pati rechitatu kana kuparadzwa, yaparadzwa.
Single madziro uye kaviri madziro kudzorera hurumende mutemo Russian Federation
The Civil Code inorondedzera zvinotevera mhando kuripira: mumwe-nzira vaviri-nzira. The yokupedzisira rinoshandiswa chiitiko kuti mumwe nomumwe mapato kupinda noukama pamutemo, haana vavariro yakaipa, asi kuti mhosva zvaitika, akadai: kukundikana kuumba hurumende kunyoresa mitemo, mukupfuura pamutemo vachikwanisa ane sangano repamutemo kana shoma simba kupinda kutengeserana. On hwaro ichi, mumwe bilateral kuripira kunosanganisira kudzokera imwe neimwe yeboka iri kutengeserana kwayo pfuma chepakutanga kana muripo.
Kana apo ukama pamutemo kunobva imwe vechikamu kunge vavariro yakaipa, uye kushandisa kutyisidzira, unyengeri kana mhirizhonga, mukapinda nomugumisiro yaitsigira divi kuchiripa. Rinoratidza kuti pfuma yavo kana muripo vachagamuchira chete akuvara, munhu chaiye bato. Values yomumwe nomumwe pati, pfuma yacho ehurumende kana mamiriro anogamuchira muripo kwavari hwemari nemashoko.
Zvimwe pfuma mibairo kwema haushandi
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, munguva kudzorera roruvanze akagadza mamwe pfuma yakaipa. Kuisa Zvinongoreva, vanoti muripo nokuda zvinoita kurasikirwa purofiti kana Nokurasikirwa chakakonzerwa namaneja ari weboka kutengeserana rimwe vemapato. Somuenzaniso, kuti pfuma inogona kuitwa kubudikidza counterparty kwenguva yakati, kuti zvingadai kurenda. Saka, uwandu vakarasika purofiti kungadiwa kudzikamisa mudare.
Zvikurukuru azvinoita kwema zvinoitwa nevana kana incapacitated, kuti nokuda chinangwa ezvinhu vasingagoni kuverenga mashoko ose nezvinhu kuburikidza kupinda mumatare ukama echibvumirano uye sale, rendi uye zvichingodaro. Asi panguva imwe nzvimbo kuverenga vamwe zvikuru munhu anokwanisa vatumira kutaura mudare.
Nyaya umo kuripira hazvibviri
Takazoziva kuti kuripira - kudzorerwa pfuma kodzero kana muripo muzviitiko apo kutengeserana anonzi ndedzenhema. Mutemo anopa ezvinhu umo panyaya imwe kana mativi hazvigoni akaita kuchiripa. Ndezvipi ezvinhu aya? Kana kutengeserana iri rakadzima, asi akaratidza kuti munhu kana zvose repamutemo vakakanganisa repamutemo murayiro uye nheyo dzetsika, nemaune, nechisimba kana zvimwe zvisiri pamutemo nzira, wose pfuma kana mubhadharo kune hurumende. Kureva pfuma ukama zvinopedzwa, asi mumwe vemapato, uye zvinoitika kuti zvose kurasikirwa pfuma kana mari yaishandiswa munzira idzi.
Rairambidzwa kushandisa kuripira mirayiro iri Civil Code
Pane zviri pamutemo neizvi chokuita invalidation ari kutengeserana, zvakaipira izvo zvakakanganisa zvido nevamwe vazhinji kana kunyange wose muvanhu. Kazhinji zvinokubatsira ukama ezvokutengeserana masangano zvoupfumi. Somuenzaniso, pane zvisiri pamutemo kutengeswa zvavakanga vachida kuita. Kana zviri pamutemo uye kuti zvose nevamwe ukama mumatare iyo akasimuka kubva ake kupindura, muri pamutemo. Saka, pane tangle nokupokanidzana, inova vanotongwa nemamwe masangano mazhinji dzavo dzakavanzika ezvoupfumi zvavanofarira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvakanga haripi kudzorera mufambiro, sezvaringaita kodzero dzevanhu nevamwe vatori yokupira ukama.
Kukamurwa pokushandisa mitemo dzekuvandudzwa
Murayiro anovamba muganhu nguva mukati iyo anokumhan'arira anogona kushandisa kudare kuti kuziva kutengeserana haichashandi uye dzekuvandudzwa. Kana kutengeserana iri chinoguma kutyora mutemo kana ndonda vanhu, ndaitofanira yokufungidzira hunhu - kunonzi vasingakoshi. Mumakore gumi kubva pakutanga kwayo kuurayiwa anogona kunokumbira invalidation uye nokushandisa pamigumisiro ichi, kuti ndiye kuripira. Kana wacho ari kushandisa kuti kuziva munhu voidable kutengeserana ndonda, sezvo zvakanga akagumisa pachishandiswa kumanikidzwa kana unyengeri, anofanira kushandisa mukati gore rimwe pashure kumira kumanikidza pamusoro pake kana kuona kubiridzira ari kondirakiti. Kutyora mutemo zvausingakwanisi haikwani kuti funga izvi vehurumende nyaya mudare.
Mitemo kudzorera kuEastern Europe
Mune kunyika Eastern Europe pashure pokuwa mugovanisi yezvinhu zvakanga kunenge kwose wokurera mitemo anopa kuchiripa. Izvi zvinorevei uchidzidzira? Pokutanga kuzivikanwa pamutemo yezve zvose pfuma vagari munguva kubvira 1917 kusvika 1945. Izvi zvinoita kuti kupinda rehondo pfuma zvakazokonzerwa kuziva kutengeserana ndedzenhema. In kuBaltic States, Czech Republic uye Hungary, paiva sefungu vakawanda kudzoka zvisiri pamutemo akabvisa pfuma vazukuru ekare varidzi. Saka, vagari vakawanda vekare mufurati zvivako Riga kuziva kuti vari kurarama zvomumwe uye anofanira kuripa akabvarura dzavo dzokugara kuti varidzi itsva, kana kunyange kufamba zvachose. Uye hapana mitemo kukamurwa pano haana kumbofunga nezvarwo. Nemhaka yezvichangobva kuitika Ukraine, magweta akawanda vari kushuvira chaizvo pamusoro guru sefungu kudzorera munyika ino.