Kuratidza kutaura uye ayo mhando

Nokuti mumwe munhu chinhu nzira inokosha yokukurukurirana. Nezvekugadzirwa kutaura kunotanga tanga nguva mwana kukura uye zvinosanganisira nzendo dzakawanda: kubva kuchema uye musoro vasingatsvi yokuzviratidza kuburikidza dzakasiyana-siyana kwomutauro nzira.

Kune zvinhu zvakadai nemumuromo, zvichinzi, zvinoorora uye kuratidza kutaura. Ivo tsanangura muitiro kunzwisisa, manzwisisire uye kubereka kutaura ruzha, paumbwe mitsara kuti vataura kana kunyorwa ramangwana, uyewo zvakakodzera urongwa mashoko zvirevo.

Oral uye zvakanyorwa siyana kutaura: pfungwa uye kukosha

Oral anotaurisa izvozvo nokushingaira kunosanganisira nekunyatsotsanangura nhengo (rurimi, mukanwa, mazino, miromo). Asi, nokuda uye makuru, dzinongoitika kubereka mazwi kunongova mugumisiro kwouropi basa. Chero shoko, mutongo kana mutsara pakutanga dzinomirira pfungwa kana mufananidzo. Mushure zvakakwana inotungamirwa yavo kunoitika, uropi anotumira chiratidzo (hurongwa) kutaura midziyo.

Kunyora uye mhando yayo kunoenderana sei dzakabudirira nomumukanwa chimiro hwekutaura, sezvo chokwadi, mumwe Visualization zvakafanana anonongedzera kuti uropi kunodzidzisa. Zvisinei, zvinhu zviri mutauro rakanyorwa kunoita munhu zvikuru kwazvo uye zvakarurama kuwana mashoko akakodzera, kuvandudza chikumbiro uye kururamisa zvakanyorwa ambotaurwa.

Nokuda kunyora ichi zviri zvikuru nomazvo uye yakarurama tichienzanisa dzaiita zvokutaurwa. Nepo kutaura zvinokosha zviratidzi yokuzvininipisa inzwi, kutaura kukurumidza, Kujeka inzwi, audibility, mutauro rakanyorwa kunoratidzwa Kujeka kunyora, ayo intelligibility uye urongwa tsamba nemashoko chokuita mumwe.

Kudzidza dzinotsanagura kunyora uye kutaura, nyanzvi vanoita vakawanda kunzwisisa evanhu, zvinobvira kutyorwa utano hwake, uyewo avo zvinokonzera. Kutyorwa kutaura basa dzinogona kuonekwa mune vana asina akaumbwa zvizere kutaura midziyo, uye vanhu vakuru vanenge nesitiroko kana kutambura nezvimwe zvirwere. Mukupera zvakadaro zvingava zvachose kana yapera muchapora.

Chaizvo uye kuratidza kutaura: chii

Chaizvo kutaura akataura pfungwa muitiro kuti rinoperekedza kunzwisisa akasiyana siyana kutaura (rakanyorwa uye kunanzvana). Kuziva kutaura rinonzwika vavo maonero - zvisiri nyore mashandiro. Zvikuru kuitika mairi:

• kutsinga dzinouya kutaura nharaunda iri cerebral cortex, aizivikanwawo nharaunda Wernicke raMwari;
• acoustic analyzer.

Malfunctions weava chinokurwadzai kuchinja imwe kutaura chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, anoyevedza kutaura rematsi, iyo inobva kuziva mashoko nokuda kufamba kwemiromo. Zvisinei, mashoko tactile maonero cheBhuku zviratidzo (pfungwa) ndiyo hwaro hwavo chaizvo kutaura zvakanyorwa.

Schematically, nharaunda Wernicke anogona kunzi munhu worudzii kadhi indekisi ine ruzha mifananidzo murume zvose vakadzidza shoko rake. Kwoupenyu hwake, munhu wavhomorwa nemashoko ichi, inowedzera uye kutsiura navo. Somugumisiro, mashoko ane nzvimbo, ndiko kuparadzwa kutinhira mifananidzo mashoko zvakachengeterwa ikoko. Mugumisiro izvi ndiko kutadza kubvuma tsika mashoko akataurwa kana mashoko akanyorwa. Kunyange yakanaka kunzwa, munhu asinganzwisisi zvaakanga kutaura (kana kunyora).

Kuratidza kutaura uye mhando yayo - ndiwo muitiro kutaura ruzha, izvo zvinogona zvichisiyaniswa ane nokutaura kunoshamisa (Maonero yavo).

Muitiro rokuumba mashoko kuratidza

Sezvo mwedzi upenyu chokutanga, mwana anodzidza kunzwisisa mashoko akataurwa kwaari. Zvakananga kutaura anotaurisa, ndiko kuti, paumbwe chinangwa, kutaura mukati uye mataurirwo mazwi yakatanga sezvinotevera:

1. Screams.
2. Gulen.
3. mabhii wokutanga, sezvo rudzi Gulen.
4. Musoro.
5. Simple mashoko.
6. Words chokuita mukuru duramazwi.

Kazhinji, kuvandudzwa kuratidza kutaura kufanana mapiro uye zvakadini nguva vabereki kupedzera kukurukurirana mwana.

On bhuku kwemashoko, zvakarurama Pfungwa kuti vaitaura uye idzidziso oga pfungwa zvevana kuchinja zvose zvavanonzwa uye kuona vakavapoteredza. Inotungamirwa kuratidza rwokutaura ndiwo mugumisiro kutevedzera zvaiitwa nevamwe uye chido vachishingaira kukurukura navo. Attachment vabereki nehama kuva ikurudziro zvikuru mwana, zvokubatsira kuti chokuwedzera remashoko uye mupfungwa mhosva kutaura nokukurukurirana.

Kutyora kuratidza kutaura zvakananga zvakaipira zvarakasiya ari kukura, mugumisiro yokukuvadzwa kana chirwere. Asi vazhinji zvarakasiya kubva chakaipa mutauro kukura amenable kuti kuchinja uye mutemo.

How kuziva kutyorwa mukutaura kukura

Ongororo vana kutaura basa, kuedzwa uye kuongorora mashoko akapiwa pakutaura varapi, vanachiremba zvinobatanidzwa. Kudzidza kuratidza Kutaura rinoitwa kuti kuziva mwana akaumba zvivakamutauro nemamiriro mutauro, kudzidza mashoko uye kurira emashoko. Zviri yokutsvakurudza zvukoproiznosheniya, pathologies ayo uye dzavo zvinokonzera, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu zvinetso kururamiswa nzira, kudzidza zvinotevera nenhamba:

• Pronunciation mazwi.
• Mabhii maumbirwo emashoko.
• The pamwero phonetic maonero.

Vachigamuchirwa kuongororwa, vanokwanisa chiremba pachena kuti chinangwa chiri kukanganisika kuratidza kutaura akanga kuratidza. basa nyanzvi kunosanganisira chaiyo ruzivo sei muongororo iri kuitwa, vorudzii zvinhu zvinofanira kushandiswa uye munzirai migumisiro uye vafunga anoumba.

Tichifunga mupfungwa zvechadenga vana, zera iro rinoreva kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo-kuchikoro (makore manomwe), muitiro wacho muongororo kunosanganisira matanho akawanda. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kushandisa yakajeka uye inokwezva nokuda akati zera mifananidzo.

Kutevedzana ongororo urongwa

Nemhaka zvakarurama Pfungwa yacho muongororo kwacho, zvinokwanisika kuziva unyanzvi siyana nokudzidza chimwe basa. Sangano iri rinobvumira imwe nguva kwenguva pfupi nguva kuzadza kupfuura chimwe chinhu makadhi izwi. Somuenzaniso, chikumbiro mumwe chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura kuti kuudza vamwe nyaya. The chinhu kufungwa vari:

• emashoko mazwi;
• diction;
• unyanzvi ari kushandiswa Vocal midziyo;
• rudzi uye kunzwisisa vaitaura akashandisa mwana.

The zvichiguma ruzivo anoongororwa, uye rinoshandisirwa generalize zvimwe makadhi calculators matauriro. kuongorora kwakadaro kunogona kuva nomumwe kana kuitwa vana akawanda panguva (vaviri kana vatatu).

Kutaura kuratidza anodzidzwa nevana sezvinotevera:

1. Kudzidza vhoriyamu kwemashoko.
2. Observation kweshoko inotungamirwa.
3. Study mataurirwo mazwi.

Uyewo zvikuru ndiyo Kuongororwa ane kutaura kunoshamisa, zvinosanganisira kudzidza phonemic kunzwa, uyewo richiona anonzwisisa mashoko, mitongo uye rugwaro.

Zvinokonzera kuratidza kutaura

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kukurukurirana pakati pevabereki nevana, maari kukanganisika anotaurisa pakutaura, haagoni kuva mhosva kukanganisa. Hune zvahunoita pandaida uye zvinonyatsorehwa hunhu kukura mutauro unyanzvi chete.

Zvechokwadi pamusoro zvinokonzera kuti kukonzera zvinetso kutaura vana havazokwanisi kutaura hapana chiremba. Kune akawanda zvinobatanidzwa kungawedzera mukana wokuti uite kuziva miedzo zvarakasiya dzakadaro:

1. Genetic kubatwa. Kuvapo kutyorwa kuratidza kutaura nemunhu kubva chinotevera hama.
2. The kinetic zvinoriumba hwakada kufanana neuropsychological zvirwere mashandiro.
3. In Kakawanda kacho, zvakanaka kutaura kuratidza hwakabatana pamwe kukwana inotungamirwa spatial izwi (kureva, nzvimbo parietal rwenyama-occipital Junction). Izvi zvinogoneka chete localization rworuboshwe-hemispheric kutaura nzvimbo, uyewo kutyorwa kushanda kunyatsoreva mu hemisphere kuruboshwe.
4. Kushomeka Kugadzirwa Neural kubatana, concomitant makemikari lesion cortical nzvimbo anokonzera kutaura (kazhinji kurudyi-handers).
5. Kwakaomarara evanhu zvakatipoteredza, vanhu vane mwero kutaura kukura yakaderera chaizvo. Kuratidza rwokutaura vana vari kugara nevanhu vangava kutsauka.

In wakateya fungidzira zvinokonzera kutaura zvirwere, haafaniri kudzivirira kubata zvarakasiya munzeve rubatsiro, chirwere chepfungwa siyana, vachiberekwa malformations pakati nekunyatsotsanangura nadzo uye zvimwe zvirwere. Sezvo atoratidza, zvizere kuratidza inogona kukudziridzwa chete avo vana vanokwanisa nemazvo vatevedzere ruzha akanzwa. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kuti nenguva kuongorora kunzwa uye nokutaura.

Kunze apa, zvinokonzera anogona kuva zvinotapuriranwa, underdevelopment uropi, ayo kunotevera, bundu pezvakaitwa (kumanikidza uropi mamiriro), ropa ari musoro tishu.

Iyo akawana kutyorwa kuratidza kutaura

Pakati kutyorwa kuratidza kutaura inonyanya dysarthria - nekusagona kushandisa kutaura nhengo (rurimi kuremara). Kuratidza kwake kakawanda - kushanda pakuvheneka kutaura. Hazvina isingawanzowanikwi, uye zviratidzo aphasia - zvirwere kutaura basa, izvo kare akaumba. A chinokosha ndiko kuchengetedzwa kwayo nekunyatsotsanangura midziyo uye azere kunzwa, asi mano kushandisa basa inzwi akarasika.

Kune zvitatu zvinoita siyana kuratidza pakutaura zvirwere (gwenya aphasia) :

• Afferent. It kunoitika kana kukuvara anova postcentral madhipatimendi ose chikuru hemisphere wouropi. Vanopa kinesthetic hwaro, unofanira kupedza kufamba nekunyatsotsanangura midziyo. Saka, zvinoita zvisisakwanisiki scoring zvimwe mitinhimira. munhu akadaro haagoni kutaura tsamba, nokuda nzira yakafanana inotungamirwa: semuenzaniso, chinoridzirwa muridzo kana apicals. Mugumisiro kutyora ose kutaura: automatic, kwatangwa, akadzokorora, kutumidza. Uyezve, pane zvinetso kuverenga uye kunyora.
• Efferent. Kunoitika apo ukama dzapasi premotor nzvimbo. It Anonziwo nzvimbo poran kuti. Kana pakaputsika nekongiri nekunyatsotsanangura mazwi haina kukanganiswa (sezvakunoitwa afferent aphasia). Nokuti vanhu vakadaro, dambudziko iri kuti ufambe pakati akasiyana zviumbu kutaura (mazwi uye mashoko). Kana munhu akasiyana emashoko kutaura nomumwe inonzwika, mumwe anogona kutaura nyaya dzinotevedzana ruzha kana mutsara. Asi, pane hunobudirira kutaura perseveration, kana (dzimwe nguva) izwi embolus.

Tinofanirawo taura imwe efferent aphasia somunhu telegraphic kwokukurukurirana pakutaura. Kuratidza Its kuva neizvi kuti duramazwi pamusoro verbs uye emazita predominance. It angaponeswa involuntary, zvoga kutaura, muchiimba. Hunovhiringidzwa mashandiro kuverenga, kunyora uye zita verbs.

• Simba. Kuchengetwa kana akarova prefrontal, nharaunda pamberi kwenharaunda poran vake. The chikuru kuratidza kutyora kwakadaro anova chirwere chinobata zvinoshingaira zvemasanga matauriro zvibereko. Zvisinei, pane kuchengetedza kutaura kubereka (apiwa, zvoga). Nokuti munhu akadaro ari kunzwisisa pfungwa uye achibvunza mubvunzo, asi nekunyatsotsanangura ruzha, kudzokororwa munhu mashoko uye mitsara, uyewo zvakarurama mhinduro iri nyore.

A pachena kuchiitwa mhando dzose gwenya aphasia anova kunzwisisa munhu kutaura yakanyorerwa kwaari, ari Implementation mabasa ose, asi hazviiti yokudzokorora uye nokuzvidzora okuti. Kazhinji pamwe urema pachena.

Agraphia somunhu yoga kuratidza upenyu hwokutaura zvirwere

Agraphia akadana kurasikirwa anokwanisa kugadzirisa kunyora, aine ndichengetedze gwenya kushanda nemaoko. It chinovapo sezvo migumisiro pokukundwa yechipiri associative kuminda rworuboshwe hemisphere uropi cortex.

chirwere ichi anova shamwari mune zvinetso kutaura uye sezvo ari oga chirwere apo neapo. Agraphia chiratidzo imwe mhando aphasia. Somuenzaniso, kukurukurirana premotor lesion nharaunda pamwe dzakafanana kinetic nyonganyonga tsamba chivako.

Kana zviduku kukuvadzwa, nechirwere agraphia munhu anogona zvakanaka kunyora chaizvo tsamba, asi usabatwa yakakanganiswa chiperengo mabhii uye mashoko. Pamwe kuvapo inert pfungwa uye kuvhiringidza ruzha-tsamba sezvamunoita kuongorora mashoko. Naizvozvo, vanhu vakadaro kwakaoma kupiwa aida playback hurongwa tsamba nemashoko. Vanogona kuva kanoverengeka kudzokorora mamwe maitiro dzinotyora mukuru muitiro kunyora.

An nzira kududzirwa izwi

Shoko rokuti "Kutaura kuratidza" haringorevi chete kuti mhando kutaura uye zvinhu zvayo inotungamirwa nemaonero neurolinguistics. Iye yavlyatesya tsanangudzo Mapato siyana mumutauro weRussia.

Kuratidza kutaura kuno- zviri zvakafanana nemashoko dzichipfekeka. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira bhuku uye zvokukurukura. Akanyorwa siyana kutaura - zviri journalistic werudzii, yepamutemo mabhizimisi uye zvesayenzi. Vanopinda bhuku-dzichipfekeka maitiro. Ataurwa somunhu nomumukanwa fomu kutaura.

Achishandisa kuratidza kutaura kuvandudza expressiveness ayo uye vakasikwa kuti kuwedzera matambudziko anokonzerwa pamusoro muteereri kana muverengi.

Shoko "okuti" rinoreva "kuratidza". Zvemamiriro ane mashoko akadaro mashoko akagadzirirwa kusimbisa kuratidza simba mutauro nemumuromo kana zvakanyorwa. Kazhinji rimwe shoko kwazvakarerekera vangadzidza mashoma anoreva zvakafanana kuratidza kupenda. Vanogona siyana, zvichienderana kuukuru zvinoratidza mupfungwa. Uyewo, kazhinji pane zviitiko apo mumwe shoko kwazvakarerekera, pane mamwe anoreva zvakafanana, nevakomana ruvara.

Emashoko Kutaura dziberekane vangava akapfuma zvakasiyana siyana manyorero kwerima guru. Maduramazwi zvinosanganisira anokosha zviratidzo uye mavanga kuziva anoreva zvakafanana izvi:

• kupemberera, mukuru;
• isina mhinduro;
• nhetembo;
• setsa;
• chibhende;
• kujairirana;
• disapproving;
• kudzikisira;
• yokusaremekedza;
• kunyomba;
• sulgarnye;
• okutuka.

Kushandisa kuratidza akapendwa mashoko anofanira kuva akakodzera uye nomazvo. Zvikasadaro, zvinoreva mashoko inogona akavhiringika kana achagamuchira enyambo matauriro.

Kuratidza kutaura kuno-

Vamiririri ano sayenzi mutauro anoreva avo okuruka zvinotevera:

1. Gala.
2. Kujairirana.
3. Official.
4. Chinosetsa.
5. Yepedyo uye rwakadzama.
6. Achiseka.

The juxtaposition siyana izvi zvose vakava kwazvakarerekera, iri zvachose isingambokwanisi okuti.

Emotional-expressive talk inoshandisa zvidimbu zvitatu zvemashoko ekuongorora sechishandiso chinoshanda kubatsira kubatsiridza mararamiro anodiwa:

1. Shandisa mazwi ane uwandu hwakajeka. Izvi zvinofanira kusanganisira mazwi anoratidza mumwe munhu. Uyewo mune iri mutsara mazwi anotsanangura chokwadi, zviratidzo, zviratidzo nezviito.
2. Mashoko ane chinangwa chinoreva. Chinangwa chavo chikuru chinowanzosarerekera, zvisinei, kana chichishandiswa mifananidzo, vanowana mavara akajeka mupfungwa.
3. Kusanzwisisika, kushandiswa kwaro nemashoko asingatenderi kunobvumira kuti utaure mhando dzakasiyana dzemanzwiro uye manzwiro.

Mukuwedzera, izvo zvinowanzogamuchirwa zvinoreva mazwi neshamwari zvakabatanidzwa kwavari, zvinobatsira zvakananga pamararamiro avo anojekesa.