Kiev: kusunungurwa guta kubva vanopinda nechisimba Nazi (1943)

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti, chii anoita musi November 6, 1943 - kusunungurwa Kiev. On nhasi, paiva chiitiko izvo pamwe bated nokufema kumirira vagari ichi guta rekare. Nhasi, kana yepanyama munhoroondo iri rewritten uye kushingaira zvakatanga chirongwa chitsva Kutarira zviri kunyanya kukosha kuziva chokwadi pamusoro zvakaitika makore iwayo. Zvikurukuru, vose vaya chokwadi heroism okuonga avo aiva kusunungurwa Kiev (1943), inofanira kuyeuchidzwa mhosva yeNazi.

Kunyange zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti kuva nemigumisiro refu vari muguta mauto ari Third Reich, kana makore maviri chete basa muna Babi Yar akapfurwa vanenge zviuru 100 vanhuwo zvavo, vanhu akadonha kuna 180 zviuru, uye 150 zviuru Vagari Soviet Ukraine vaiva akatuma vasingadi kushanda Germany.

Mamiriro pamberi pakutanga November 1943

August 26, akatanga kurwa nokuda Dnepr, yakavatevera imwe yakakurumbira akavhiyiwa munhoroondo zvehondo - hondo panguva yacho Kursk kuzvimba. Mauto Soviet aifanira kumanikidza kuvakunda mvura chipingamupinyi, kumavirira eRwizi iya kupinda Wehrmacht mugomba kuzvidzivirira mutsetse simba, inozivikanwa se "East Wall". Panguva iyoyowo vokuGermany zvavaitarisira mauto eSoviet vanotanga imwe inogumbura munguva yechando uye kuyambuka Dnieper mushure chando wakaiswa nayo.

Somugumisiro kubudirira kurwisa of Red Army ratokunda bridgehead kurudyi kumahombekombe Dnieper uye akaenda kurwizi kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba Kiev. Saka vakanga akasika prerequisites kuti simba kwematsutso inogumbura.

Kusunungurwa Kiev kubva yechiFascist nechisimba: Kugadzirira oparesheni

Pakutanga First Ukrainian murayiro (Eks Voronezh) mberi presupposed kushandisa Pin maviri chete. Chief pakati pavo kwaiva chinozoiswa kubudikidza Bukrin bridgehead, riri 80 kumaodzanyemba kweguta Kiev, uye ebetsero - kubva kuchamhembe. Maererano nechirongwa ichi, muna October akaedza kaviri kuti kurwiswa. Zvisinei, zvose nguva kurova pamwe Burkinskiy mirayiridzo akakundikana, asi rakanga akawedzera bridgehead, raiva nzvimbo nechokuchamhembe Kiev Lyutezh. Chinhu chaifanira kushandiswa chokupedzisira kurwisa, chinangwa waiva kusunungurwa Kiev. Panguva iyo mauto ari bridgehead Burkinskiy akarayira kuti "sunga" nayo napo hondo Wehrmacht, uye kana zvinhu zvose zvakanaka - kuti kupaza kumberi uye kutanga kuchienderera mberi. chokuzvivanza rave kushandiswa chinangwa ichi. Zvikurukuru, kuti muvengi haana kuona kuchinjwa 3rd Guards Tank Army, Bukrin bridgehead motokari warrior chakatsiva yokutevedzera, zvakange kutsausa muvengi vezvikepe kubhururuka ushori sorties.

Muvengi mauto pamberi hondo pamusoro Kiev

By pakutanga November Dzvuku Army munharaunda Kiev rave basa vanenge 7000 pfuti uye mumaturi, 700 ndege uye 675 Matangi uye kuzvidzora propelled pfuti. Zvakaenzana evadzimi uye Ndege vaiva muvengi. Zvisinei, kuwanda kwepfuti uye atirari uye dzehondo dziri Red Army akanga zvishomanana zvinobatsira. Panguva iyoyowo kufukidza wokuchamhembe German murayiro guta akarayira kuvakwa 3 akakombwa kudzivirira mitsetse, kuvapo rakanga kuti yekudyidzana kudzivisa kufamba mauto edu.

Kusunungurwa Kiev (1943): The danho rokutanga oparesheni

Kutanga tsamwisa akapiwa mangwanani 3 November. Chokutanga, ane gadziriro simba atirari, zvichiteverwa akarova kubva kumavirira, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda Kiev yakaitwa. Yakatakura kudzinga 60th uye yechi38 Army achitsigirwa hondo Rechishanu Guards Tank Corps. Rikarova imwe chaiyo mhepo hondo umo akapfurwa pasi 31 nendege muvengi, uye zvose aces Soviet akaita 1150 sorties. Vanotyisa kurwa kwakaitika pasi. Somugumisiro, pakupera kwezuva zvikazooneka kuti kwedu wavanozvisunga simba vakatamira zvose pamusoro mberi kure 5 kusvika 12 km.

Events November 4, 1943

Kyiv rusununguko yakanga yakati kunonoka nokuda mamiriro rwakashata ekunze. Chokwadi ndechokuti panguva pazuva November 4 yakanga drizzling mvura. Kusimbisa kufurirwa kurwisa mauto eSoviet kuhondo yokutanga akatanga Guards aifamba nemabhiza Corps uye reserves, kusanganisira rokutanga Czechoslovak Brigade, pasi murayiro L. Svoboda. Mukuwedzera, manheru mu kurwisa, izvo akaramba usiku, wakapindwa vamapoka Third Guards Tank Army, akataura panguva chaanoonekwa akatambanudza kutya pakati pemauto German.

November 5

Chimwe mangwanani ngwanani Matangi Soviet vakauya Svyatoshino uye akadzikatidza penzira unobatanidza Kiev kuna Zhitomir, nokudaro akagura kuti Kiev boka yasara mauto nevaNazi. All zuva kwaiva nokurwa pamwe chikamu pamusoro inifanduri, atirari, ndege uye warrior motokari, umo muvengi vakatambura Nokurasikirwa makuru uye rakamanikidzwa shure.

November 6th

Pakupedzisira, mauto eSoviet akapinda Kiev pousiku. Kusunungurwa guta kwakaitika nani nokukurumidza, sezvo Red Flag akarerwa pamusoro payo maawa 00 uye maminitsi 30, uye 4 o'clock mangwanani muguta kwepfuti pakupedzisira kwakaderera.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, yakanga zvinofungidzirwa kuti nevarwi First Ukrainian Front akakunda tangi 2, 9 inifanduri mapoka uye mumwe motorized kupesana.

The mukunopera kushanda

Kubva November murayiro Germany boka wehondo "South" vakaronga counterattack munharaunda Krivoy Rog, Nikopol uye Apostolovo, hazvaikwanisa kushandiswa kubata guru Soviet Ukraine, ayo reserves, akapa warrior uye motorized kupesana. ezvinhu ichi akakurumidza kusunungurwa Kiev kubva vaNazi, uye panguva November 7th varwi Yokutanga Ukrainian Front akakwanisa kusunungura sezvo kuguta Fastow. Zvisinei, musi November 10-11, achitsigirwa zviumbu German akasvika kubatsira ari kuenda Wehrmacht mauto, uye vakatanga wokutanga zvakakura German kurwiswa. Zvisinei, pashure pevhiki (13 November) yakabudiswa Zhitomir. Attack yakanga yakasimba zvokuti chikamu Wechinomwe Army Corps Wehrmacht kurega mumusiye, chete richisvika 50 km kumaodzanyemba Kiev. In 13th ichi uye 60th Army kumugumo November Vakazosvika mutsetse kumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch uye Yelsk.

Sezvo nyika vakapemberera kukunda

Kusunungurwa Kiev kubva vaNazi (musi: November 6, 1943) akasangana nokuda Soviet vanhu vane pfungwa zvikuru. Pachiitiko ichi, muMoscow ndakapiwa sarupu 24 volleys. Zvakatora chinyorwa nhamba kwepfuti zvinobatanidzwa.

For chaizvo ushingi uye heroism pakurwa, zvakazoita kusunungurwa Kiev, akarayira uye Medals zviri 17 500 vanhu vave paakavapa. Pakati pavo paiva mukuru uye 139 mauto First Czechoslovak bhurigedhi. Panyaya reuto kuti, kubudikidza mureza racho vasiyana Unorudzi Suvorov rechipiri dhigirii. Uyezve, 65 mativi Soviet uye yeimwe vakanga paakavapa Honor pano Kiev. Pakati pavo, mauto pasi murayiro Colonel General K. Moskalenko, refutenendi-General Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky uye Major General P. Korol'kova.

zvabuda

Kiev Liberation (Date: November 6, 1943) yaiva nzira dzinokosha kukosha kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ari Great Patriotic War fronts. Munguva oparesheni, nevarwi Soviet Union akakunda pfumbamwe inifanduri, mumwe motorized uye vaviri warrior mapoka ari Wehrmacht yakapamba uye akaparadza Matangi 600, 1,200 pfuti uye mumaturi, uyewo 90 ndege. chinhu bridgehead inokosha achitevedza mahombekombe ose Dnieper 230? km refu uye kusvika 145? km zvakadzama, iyo gare gare vakaita basa rinokosha pakuita hondo kuti kusunungurwa Right-Bank Ukraine akasikwa. Uyezve, murayiro Soviet akakwanisa kuvhiringidza veuto German vakagadzirira counterattack munharaunda Kirovograd.

miscalculations

Soviet vehondo, akaronga uye akaita pokuvhiyiwa, zvakazoita kusunungurwa Kiev, vave kubvuma zvimwe zvikanganiso. Zvikurukuru sezvo mberi zviumbu of Red Army vakakundikana kuparadza mauto huru yomuvengi pashure November 15, akakwanisa pakaunda-kurwisa, uye kusvikira 22 December mauto edu chizadzike imwe mberi rinokosha mune zvekutepfenyura ichi.

vakakuvadzwa

The rufu kwevarimi vose anorwisana mapato yakasvika zviuru zvakawanda. Kunyanya, zvinotevera manhamba vari kupiwa historiography Soviet kutsanangura Red Army Nokurasikirwa: 6491 vanhu vakauraya, 24 078 - kukuvara. Kana nevarwi Wehrmacht, masoja 389 vakaurayiwa uye vakakuvara 3018.

Response pachaunga

Kusunungurwa Kiev uye Kubudirira revarwi veSoviet Right-Bank Ukraine akakonzera yakafarikana resonance. Zvikurukuru unoshamisa vaiva nyaya Chirungu uye American venhau, dzaitarisira chiitiko ichi sechipo chikuru kukundwa Third Reich. Somuenzaniso, mushumo yakakurumbira Radio London Zvakacherechedzwa kuti kana nevarwi Wehrmacht vakatora Kiev, vokuGermany dundundu kwete kure zvachose kukundwa of Red Army yose kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva, uye pashure kusunungurwa guta guru reUkraine atova Germany pachayo vakatanga kunzwa kurira kwechinhu bhero wemariro.

Zvino kuti munoziva sei kusunungurwa Kiev, uyewo chii vaiva Nokurasikirwa dzairwisana vemapato, uye migumisiro kushanda iri uchiumba mberi nzira Mukuru Patriotic War.