Izhora (vanhu): Background uye History

Izhora vanhu - muduku yakawanda zvose marudzi vaigara Russia. Apa pane vanhu vanenge 200, 60 vavo vachiri kugara muEstonia. ethnonym ichi rinobva Swedish shoko Ingermanland - vanonzi kunyika kumaodzanyemba Gulf Finland. Pane shanduro mbiri pamusoro apo zita iri, kana nokuda Ingigerda, mudzimai Yaroslava Mudrogo, kana nokuda dzekare Russian Prince Igor, mwanakomana Rurik.

Saka chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro madzinza Izhora? General ruzivo pamusoro vanhu akaisa pazasi kuchakubatsira kudzidza zvakawanda.

Mundima kugarwa

Muna 12-13 emakore fung Izhors vaigara kana divi Neva, pamusoro miganhu nemisha avo Hanzvadzi River Tosna, Nazia. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 zvavo kusvika rwizi Oredezh River kumaodzanyemba. Asi zvino nharaunda akatanga taper kure, kutanga akanyangarika misha iri Karelian Isthmus, uye ipapo kumativi kumahombekombe munzvimbo University uye panguva Oredezh River. Zvino Izhors gara chete muna Lomonosov uye Kingisepp kudunhu Leningrad nharaunda. Vamwe vamiririri rudzi urwu vakatamira St. Petersburg. Kunyange zvakadaro, usaregeredza midzi yavo uye vazivikanwe sezvo Izhors.

Zvisinei, chikuru mhenyu nzvimbo - Soikinsky Peninsula, riri pakati Luga uye Koporskaya muromo. Zvakasikwa zviri munharaunda dzakadaro kuti zvinenge zviri kure huru chikamu munhevedzano madhamu uye safambika anezvimiti. Ndokusaka vanhu vari munzvimbo avo Izhora vanokwanisa kuramba tsika dzavo, pasinei chaiko napedyo kuchamhembe guta.

nyaya

The kutaurwa vahedheni-Izhora wokutanga inowanikwa Bull Papa Alexander, rakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi12. Nokukurumidza muEurope, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti Izhora - simba uye ngozi vanhu. In nemabhuku emabasa Russian Izhors kutaurwa muzana remakore rechi13 sezvo vatsigiri Novgorod. Vaiva nebasa kudzivirira kumahombekombe nzvimbo kubva yeSweden.

Asi muna 1611 nyika yavo vachiri vakatora pamusoro Sweden, saka vemo Izhors zhinji akatamira kundima pasi Russia. Asi muna 1721, Peter Mukuru akakunda nyika, uye vakava rutivi St. Petersburg Province.

The Verenga 1732 kwakaratidza kuti ari munharaunda Ingermanland pane anenge 14 nehafu chiuru izhoryan. Muzana remakore rechi19, nhamba yavo yakawedzera zvishoma - kusvika 18 zviuru. Statistics muna 1926 kwakaratidza zvinotevera nenhamba: 16137 vanhu.

Asi Hondo Yenyika II akauyisa pamusoro nokuchinja: Ruzhinji ravaIndia vanhu yakaendeswa yakavakidzana Finland uye misha yakawanda nyore zvachose. Pavakadzoka kurarama pamba havana kupiwa, uye akatamira kuSiberia, apo kuchengetedza dzinza kuzivikanwa kwavo uye mutauro yava kutonetsa. Izhors avo kuti vaigara Karelian Isthmus, uyewo wakafananidzwa pamwe vomunzvimbo. Native vakurukuri uye chizvarwa tsika zvaingova vagari Kingisepp District (kuchamhembe-kumadokero yaimbova Ingria), uyewo mamwe zvemo Misha kurwizi Kovash.

Tereré Izhora - People kufa kunze. Muna 1959, kwaiva zvishoma kupfuura chiuru, muna 1970 - 781, uye muna 1989 - 276. The kupfuura achangopfuura date - vanhu 266 (2010). Hazvina achidemba kuti avhareji yezera makore 68-70, izvo zvinoreva kuti pashure makore mashoma sezvo Izhora nyika anogona zvachose.

mutauro

Nderake kuBaltic-Finnish boka. Izhora ane tumitauro dzakawanda:

• Sojkinskaja;
• hevasky;
• nizhneluzhsky;
• oredezhsky.

Sojkinskaja kunokosha, izvozvo unotaurwa vazhinji Izhora Peninsula. Hevasky mune Lomonosov muruwa. In nizhneluzhski vanoti dzapasi kunosvika rworwizi Luga, izvo akanzwa akasimba zvazvinoita Votian nekuti Vod uye Izhora ngaararame ikoko yakavhenganiswa. Oredezhsky akanyangarika kare 1930, kana akafa okupedzisira vezvenhau. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yaiva cleanest vose tumitauro, nekuti kunzvenga kukanganiswa mutauro Finnish.

Asi zvakanga chete kutanga muna nemumuromo Izhora dzinza. Vanhu havana kunyange pachako arufabheti kwayo. Kunyora panguva Izhora chete akazviratidza muna 1930 pamusoro chirongwa hurumende iri gadziriro tsika pakukura purogiramu marudzi maduku. Pahwaro rechiLatin earufabheti tsamba zvakasikwa, uye ipapo yakatanga rakabatana girama. Kunyange kuchikoro, I kuitwa chizvarwa mutauro Izhora, nokuti kuti mabhuku dzakabudiswa. Zvisinei, chirongwa ichi nokukurumidza akatendeuka. Zvino chete hafu Izhora nomutauro waakaberekwa nawo, saka muna 2009 iye waibatanidzwa "Atlas of Wenyika Languages Pangozi" by UNESCO.

namata

Izhora - rudzi pamwe akapfuma tsika yokunamata. Kwemazana emakore Izhors vaiva vahedheni, asi muzana remakore rechi13, vakatanga vanoshingaira exchange kuna Orthodoxy. Pashure Sweden akakunda nyika dzavo, akanga akasima Lutheranism Zvisinei, hazvina kunyura midzi yawo yakadzika. Zvino chitendero Izhora rine symbiosis chiKristu zvechihedheni. Somuenzaniso, uchiri nokutenda midzimu panyika, mvura, ivo vachengeti pachoto, vakanamata chitsvene miti, matombo, etc.

ounyanzvi

Traditional sika Izhora kare vaiva hove uye kurima. Mombe sanyanya akaramba. Rakanga dzakabudirira zvehari nehuni. Fishing herring uye tsvina Izhora aiva mari chikuru kumahombekombe nzvimbo kusvikira ichangopfuura. Asi zvinosuwisa, hove rino inenge kurega kubatwa ikoko nokuda maberekero mumwe mhando crustaceans. Naizvozvo, vakwegura vari mumusha, navana vavo nevazukuru refu akawanda akatamira maguta makuru, kunyanya muSt Petersburg, kundotsvaka basa rakanaka.

tsika nemagariro

Izhora - vanhu vane zvikuru nevamwe. Mumwe dzinonakidza pezvokuvamba National rokwe chinokosha sikavha (sappano) kuti mukadzi aipfeka, pasina kubvisa zuva kana usiku. Traditional vakadzi uye dzevanhu hembe (ryatsinya) akanga basa mupfumi ornamentation uye ane denderedzwa bhakoro makamuisa pamutsipa. Akasunga mukadzi bhandi yakashongedzwa marozari uye kuzvimiti zvaiva zvakasungirirwa matemhe.

Material tsika yakanga pedyo Russian. Izvi zvinooneka zvetsika zvirindo, nenhumbi zvokurima. Songs, Mariro - kunokosha chokufunga netsika dzose, kutanga muchato uye anopera kumariro.

Aizivikanwa yose runopevitsa Larin Paraske, wake nhetembo, nziyo dziri paakaita "Kalevala". The Monument, unoratidza yakakurumbira izhorku, inomira pakati Helsinki.

Zvichida nokukurumidza kuchava chete kuyeuka ichi rudzi kamwe-simba. Asi chero bedzi pane okupedzisira vamiririri Izhora, mupenyu uye dzavo yekare tsika.