Iyo kombiyuta network protocol ndiyo nzira yakanyatsogadziridzwa iyo makombiyuta anotaurirana kuburikidza nehutaneti

Zvechokwadi, vazhinji vanonzwisisa kuti makombiyuta ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi, achiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti gare gare aifanira "kudzidza" kuti ataurirane pamwe chete uye akwanise kushanda pamwe chete. Nzira dzekukurukurirana kwakadaro dzava makombiyuta, ayo ari munzvimbo uye pasi rose. Nezvemaganho emunharaunda - aya ndiwo matanho anounganidza makombiyuta ari pamakwikwi marefu kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, somuenzaniso, mune chimwe chivako. Chinangwa chikuru chekubatana kwepasi rese ndechekubatanidza mitambo uye makombiyuta, akaparadzaniswa nemakiromita makuru - mazana nemazana emakiromita. Iyo yakawanda pasi rese inosungirirana pasi pano ndeInternet.

Kunyangwe kunzwisiswa kwenheyo dzedzidziso dzekushanda kwemasitiramu kazhinji hazvibvumiri munhu kuti arambe achishandisa mutsara wakajeka: iyo kombiyuta network prototi ... Pasi tinoedza kunzwisisa kuti mitemo yenethiwekhi chii uye nei ichidiwa. Tinocherechedza pakarepo kuti kombiyuta network protocol ndiyo nguva inokosha, iyo inoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa kukurukurirana pakati pemakombiyuta, pasinei nemuganhu unovaparadzanisa.

Pfungwa ndeyokuti kungobatanidza imwe kombiyuta kune imwe - danho rinodiwa kuumba kombiyuta yekutengesa hazvina kukwana. Kuti ruzivo rwekutsvaga ruzivo pamusoro pemutambo rwave ruwanika, zvakakosha kuti makombiyuta "anonzwisisa" mumwe nomumwe. Iyo kombiyuta network protocol ndiyo nzira yakanyatsogadziridzwa iyo makombiyuta "anotaurirana" kuburikidza nemutambo mune "mutauro" unonzwisisika. Mukuwedzera, iyo kombiyuta network protocol ndiyo yakagadzirirwa mitemo, inonamatira kwaunogona kuronga kuendesa kwedhadha pakati pemakombiyuta.

Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi protocol, ngatitsvei kubva mumashandisi emakombiyuta. Kunyange munhu asina kumbobvira aonana nemakombiyuta uye Indaneti yakawana zvigadziri muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kushanda kwaro kunowanikawo pane zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, inowanzofambidzana nhare, iyo inoshandiswa nemunhu wese, inobva mumutemo wayo, iyo inobvumira zvigadziri, kugadzirisa chokwadi chekubvisa chifambiso pane imwe iyo inogamuchira kukoshesa, kuti ione chokwadi chekusunungura, uyewo nhamba yeidhonzvo.

Tinotarisira, zvino zvakajeka nei nyika yekombiyuta inoda mutauro mumwechete (unonzi protocol), inonzwisisika kumakombiyuta ose munyika.

Nzira dzepamusoro dzeIndaneti dziri TCP / IP, POP3, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, IMAP4, WAIS, Gorpher, WAP. Chimwe nechimwe chezvirevo izvi chinoita mamwe mabasa.

Nzira yekutanga yeInternet ndiyo TCP / IP - iyo protocol yakagadzirwa nemafungiro akanaka evanhu. Mumwe wevadzidzisi veiyo protocol aiva Vinton Cerf. Nhasi, munhu uyu anonzi "baba we Global Global". Iye zvino Vinton Cerf ari kushanda sevakuru vamiriri vepurezidhendi pakusikwa uye kubudirira kweInternet architecture yekambani MCI WorldCom Inc.

Basa reTransmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) rakapedziswa muna 1972 neboka revatungamiri rinotungamirirwa naVinton Cerf.

Pakutanga, TCP / IP yakagadzirwa nokuda kwezvinodiwa zveDhipatimendi rekuDzimba reUnited States, asi zvino protocol yakabudisa chinangwa chayo ndokuva mutemo wekutanga wemitemo iyo yakabvumira nzvimbo yose yeInternet kuti iwedzere kukurumidza. Mukuwedzera, zviduku zvinoshandiswa paIndaneti zvinyorwa -intranets-zvinoshanda pane iyi protocol. Nhasi, TCP / IP mitemo ndiyo yakazaruka mitemo uye inogara ichivandudzwa.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti TCP / IP haisi iyo imwe protocol, zvechokwadi iyo yose mutsara wezvirevo zvinoshanda pamwechete. Iyo protocol ine mazinga maviri. Chinangwa chepamusoro-level protocol ndiyo TCP, iyo sangano rekushandurwa kwakarurama kwedhesi muzvikwata zvemashoko zvinosvika, pakuzosvika kumusangano, chikonzero chekuvaka shoko rekutanga. Pane protocol yezasi yepamusoro - vadziri ve IP vane basa rokutarisa zvakakodzera kutumira mameseji kune kero yekuenda.