Iranian Plateau: nzvimbo enzvimbo, nzvimbo, zviwanikwa uye zvinhu

Highlands, iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino ndiyo driest uye kupfuura zvose muPezhiya. Akachironga kubva kumativi ose nokuda yakakwirira, akarongwa akawanda mitsara anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri converging kumavirira nokumabvazuva, nokuita Pamir uye Armenian clustering nodes.

About nzvimbo Iranian Plateau, ivo peculiarities waro kuzorodzwa, pamusoro nemiti uye Fauna of nzvimbo idzi, uyewo mamwe mashoko anogona kuwanika munyaya ino.

Total Geological mashoko

Geologically, ari Iranian rakaorera - chimwe chikamu Eurasian mundiro, riri kusvinwa pakati Indian Plate uye muArabhiya Plate.

Akapeta makomo dziri yaiteverwa ne mapani uye intermountain nembiya. Depression pakati pemakomo akazadza strata huru clastic unconsolidated zvinhu izvo Yakasvika kubva akapoteredza makomo. Munzvimbo yakaderera pane in kamwe inogarwa madziva akawanda, kubvira kare waoma uye akasiya guru strata kuti gypsum uye munyu.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo Iranian rwenze

Iran - kupfuura enyika ari wavanozvisunga nzvimbo yacho Near East. Uye vakawanda riri mukati Iran uye muna Afghanistan uye Pakistan, inopinda kubva kumabvazuva.

Kuchamhembe kunosvika kumaodzanyemba Turkmenistan, uye muganhu wokumaodzanyemba pamwe Iraq akadzvinya. expanses Large anotora Iranian Plateau. Coordonatele: 12.533333 ° - Latitude, 41.385556 ° - Longitude.

nharaunda

Nokuti zvinorondedzerwa Plateau mamirire kutsivana gomo guru nenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye mumupata kuti neeSultan gomo, panongova yakaoma okunze uye kuwanda pamusoro Semi-murenje uye gwenga nharaunda. Chains yemakomo iri pamuganhu kunzvimbo, anosiiwa kati yakaderera-nhema nenzvimbo dzakakwirira. The yokupedzisira rinewo aoma mukati nharaunda.

gomo izvi kure neeSultan wekuita ari Armenian penyika (kuchamhembe) uye Pamir (kuchamhembe kwakadziva), pova zvikuru nzvimbo gomo. Zvino kuwanda Upland neketani shoma kure nomumwe nomumwe, uye munzvimbo therebetween izhinji dzegirini, makomo nenzvimbo dzakakwirira.

Nezvekwakabva zita Highlands

Iranian rwenze iri nharaunda huru, vane nzvimbo iri vanenge mamiriyoni 2,7 tsoka dzakaenzana. makiromita, uye kureba kwaro kunobva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva 2,500 makiromita, kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba - 1500? km. Chikamu chikuru chacho iri munharaunda Iran (zvinotora inenge 2/3 yacho), maererano chine zita Highlands. Vamwe nharaunda chinofukidza dzimwe nzvimbo Afghanistan uye Pakistan.

Mostly dzayo kuchamhembe sabhabha huri Turkmen-Khorasan Mountains (chikamu Kopet Dag makomo), uye migove vokumadokero kwayo - pamusoro Iraqi mundima.

rubatsiro

Huge ndima inogarwa Iranian Plateau. The yakakwirira zviri wayo zvinorwisana munzvimbo.

Anongoda urongwa kumaodzanyemba shoma munzvimbo yose ane maitiro, rinenge chete zviri Nzvimbo uye muzvivako. Mount ino vane ndezvomuzana chete nokukwirira (kubvira 1500 kusvika 2500 metres) uye chete nechepakati mugove (neZagros) kusvika nekukwirira kupfuura 4000 m.

The anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri zvinofanana cheni gomo, akapeta uye akapeta Cainozoic Mesozoic matombo, pakati izvo yakafara mwoyo (Kukwirira 1,500 kusvika 2,000 mamita).

Aonawo pano dzakawanda mumipata, crosswise, asi vari mhuka uye yakatetepa, kuti anenge zvisingaiti kuti. Asi pane transversal nomumupata vakwanise uye zvakawanda akazaruka, kuburikidza iyo nzira kutaura nemumwe mhenderekedzo dzokumaruwa rwenze.

The menzvimbo Highlands zvakanaka rakatenderedzwa arcs gomo. Elbrus iri kuchamhembe chinhu chakakombama pamwe Damavand rinoputika (kukwirira kwayo kuri 5604 m). Uyewo pano ndivo Turkmen-Khorasan makomo (kusanganisira Kopet Dagh), Paropamiz, Hindu Kush (Tirich Mir akanga akareba pamusoro 7690 M - chepamusorosoro yepamusoro pakati Iranian rwenze).
Vamwe vazhinji-soro nenhongonya pakati dzakakwirira vari inoumbwa yakatotsakatika anoputika uye kukoromoka.

Zvicherwa Iranian rwenze

Mineral reserves dzakakwirira akadzidza zvishoma uye zvisina kutsarukana kushandiswa, asi, sokuti, vane guru kwazvo. The chikuru upfumi nharaunda iri mafuta, vazhinji Matura dzichiitika uye nokuvandudzwa Iran (kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira). deposits aya chokuita Mesozoic uye Miocene foothill Kutsauka (pakati neZagros). It anozivawo nezvokuvapo yeHydrocarbon reserves iri kuchamhembe Iran, nomumapani nzvimbo South reCaspian (Azerbaijan mudunhu Iran).

Iranian rwenze ane sediments ayo uye marasha (mu nembiya muganhu makomo kuchamhembe chikamu). Dzinozivikanwa deposits mutobvu, mhangura, simbi, ndarama, zingi, uye zvichingodaro. Ivo vari mukati munzvimbo uye zviratidzo zvinoendesa kune anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri ari Iranian ebani, asi kukura kwavo achiri vasingakoshi.

Uye munyu zvikuru matura: yavaibvisa, potassium uye Glauber. Nechokumaodzanyemba munyu ane yeCambrian zera uye ane simba munyu domes, angonanga pemvura. Kune munyu deposits uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, uye asi vari rakachengetedzwa achitevedza mahombekombe hwakawanda madhamu munyu nechepakati zvikamu Highlands.

okunze

Inenge zvose Iranian Plateau uri mukati ari subtropical mapazi. zvemukati nhengo dzayo, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, takakomberedzwa nemakomo. Izvi anosarudza okunze ari Iranian rwenze uye mamiriro ayo - kuoma, matunhu tembiricha muzhizha, uye ayo yakaoma.

Pfupiso of kunayisa inowira mukati Plateau munguva yechando yomunakamwe nguva ari polar mberi, hwaakange madutu therealong mhepo anopinda kubva kuAtlantic. Nokuti kupfuura mugove intercepting mwando yemakomo GVW kunayisa yakaderera munzvimbo idzi.
Somuenzaniso, mukati menyika (. Deshte-LUT uye etc.) inotengwa kanenge 100 mm kunonaya mugore, kumadokero mawere - 500 neMM, uye vokumabvazuva - kwete kupfuura 300 mm. Chete kweGungwa reCaspian mhenderekedzo Elbrus (ayo kunzvimbo yakatenuka yokuchamhembe) kugamuchira kusvika 2 zviuru. MM pamusoro kunonaya, izvo zvinobayirwa kuchamhembe mhepo kubva kweGungwa reCaspian nharaunda muzhizha. Munzvimbo idzi pane mwando mukuru, uye asiri kunyange vomunzvimbo.

Iranian rwenze ane avhareji July tembiricha iri huru maturakiti nyika - mukati 24 ° C. Pana nzvimbo neyamapani, kunyanya wokumaodzanyemba, zvinowanzoda chinosvika 32 ° C. Kunewo dzine tembiricha zhizha kunosvika 40-50 madhigirii, riri chokuita paumbwe dzinopisa mhepo pamusoro munzvimbo idzi. Winter munzvimbo zhinji mudunhu iri kuchitonhora. South reCaspian neyamapani (hwakanyanya rwezasi) chete vane avhareji January tembiricha iri kuwanda 11-15 ° C.

muriwo nyika

Bhuku kwemvura, iyo nguva uye ya deposition kwavo Upland ivhu uye kunyanya kutsanangura kukura pamusoro dzinongoitika uswa. Iranian rwenze ane masango nevakawanda chete mune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri neyemitenusirwa, kurutivi rakatarira kuna nyoro mhepo.

Kunyanya gobvu uye akapfuma sezvamunoita broadleaf mumasango kukura pamusoro pamapani yeSouth reCaspian uye pedyo mujinga Elbrus kuti kukwira vanenge 2000 m.

Most vanowanikwa Chestnut pano pemiouki nevamwe vake marudzi, hornbeam, Beech, uchi mhashu reCaspian, ores simbi (endemic kuna South reCaspian), miti yakasvibira bhokisi-miti. Nemiti (makwenzi) - hawthorn, mutamba, puramu. Climbing tupembenene - mhuka muzambiringa, Ivy, Blackberry uye Clematis.

Neyamapani masango yaiteverwa pamwe marshy dzoga, vashoma netsanga uye sedges. Near nemisha vawedzere mapindu, Citrus yecocoa, minda mupunga (ari kupfuura nyorovera munzvimbo).

On kumaodzanyemba mujinga neZagros vachikura pomuouki, dota, Maple, yaiteverwa pamwe nemimirite uye pistachios. Pistachio masango pomurara ipapo, uye pamusoro zvakanaka unodiridzwa dzakatenuka Turkmen-Khorasan mumakomo Suleiman uye Paropamiz. Level kumusoro ainyanya hunodzorwa nemiti uye akanaka YOMUMAKOMO Mafuro.

nyika mhuka

Iranian Plateau sechikamu fauna of ayo ane Mediterranean okunze, uyewo dzakavakidzana nharaunda: South Asia uye Africa.

Kuchamhembe, kumusha vamwe Central fauna of Asian. Kuwedzera kune izvi Vagari masango kuchamhembe, sezvinoita nondo uye shava nebere, akawana pano uye zvikara dzinopisa - ingwe uye Tigers. Uye dzomusango vanogara marshy mumatenhere.
On mukati Highlands, mapani ayo kurarama makwai nembudzi dzomumakomo, antelopes mhara, mhuka katsi, makava nemakonzo siyana. In ndima wokumaodzanyemba vanosangana mongooses nemhara.

Zvakasiyana-siyana shiri akawana hwavo hwakaramba munzvimbo idzi, kunyanya lacustrine uye riverine mumatenhere uye anezvimiti: duck, shiri, flamingoes, seagulls. Uye mumasango enyika pheasants anogona kuwanikwa asununguke murenje munzvimbo - Jay, Ryabkov uye dzimwe shiri dzamakondo.

Mukugumisa, zvimwe zvinetso Upland munzvimbo

Rinenge yose iri kutambura nokushayiwa mvura. Chete mashomanana nzvimbo yakapiwa nayo. Full-ruchiyerera nzizi kuti dzinoyerera muGungwa reCaspian, anowanikwa chete kuchamhembe. Unorema nokuhova munharaunda yacho Iranian rwenze haana zvachose kuyerera uye kukasawedzerwa nemvura chete kana kunonaia kana inopfunha.

Yenzizi zvavo repamusoro chinosvika vane mvura kuyerera kugara, uye vava nguva refu kuti aiyanika avo pakati uye ezasi rinosvika. MuGulf (Gulf of Oman uye Persian) vanowira nzizi zviduku zvakawanda. Unorema kubva Highland nzizi (kusanganisira pakukura, Helmand, kureba - 1000 km) ndezvevanhu nembiya yomunyika abudise, ivo achawira munyu madhamu kana vanoguma vava munyu marshes kana anezvimiti ari mumapani. basa ravo harisi guru: unnavigable chaizvoizvo havasi zvinopa simba.

Zvinowanzoshandiswa mvura iyi yokudiridzira. Pamwe nzizi uye munzvimbo iri mbudo kubva mvura inopisa zvinyorwa kwazvo mitema oases.