How kuvaka pevhu muMoscow, umo aronga kuvaka nhepfenyuro itsva

Kuvakwa ari Metro muMoscow akanga aronga mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Muna 1875, iye vakataura pfungwa nokuisa mutsara kubva Kursk kuchiteshi kuburikidza Pushkin Square uye Lubyanka kusvikira Marina neyemiorivhi. Zvisinei, kuvaka asina kwakatanga makore iwayo. Maererano yepamutemo shanduro, yakasiyiwa nokuda uneconomical.

Kana nyika paiva chimurenga uye hondo yevagari yakatanga, pfungwa iri nyore kurangarira. To shure muna 1923 mubvunzo uyu kare hurumende itsva duku wehurumende - USSR.

Kusvika panguva Moscow Metro ndechimwe chezvinhu akanaka uye zvikuru munyika. Panguva iyoyowo, vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti nzira zvakaoma vaifanira kuenda vavaki paakasika munhu pevhu mutsetse kutanga chitima wokutanga.

Historic chisarudzo

Mumazuva Muzhizha August 1923, musangano presidium of Moscow City Council, iyo vakagamuchira chisarudzo pamusoro resumption hurukuro pamwe nemakambani dzokumwe pakuvaka Moscow Metro. Mutongo pakaziviswa neDare sachigaro Presidium pakati L. B. Kamenevym. Saka, pfungwa, iyo kwedzimwe pokuchinja uye hondo, yambokurukurwa mberi.

A mwedzi pashure musangano historiallinen iyi chisarudzo Moscow City Council akatanga rinokosha chairema panguva weDhipatimendi mumadhorobha njanji guru, rinonzi "Metropolitan". Panguva iyoyo yaiva chete mushandi injiniya KS Myshenkov. mabasa ake raisanganisira achiunganidza ruzivo pamusoro huripo pre-hondo muzvirongwa.

Patinoita rokutanga basa

Muna 1924, Europe akashanyirwa nhume of Moscow City Council. chinangwa chacho chikuru chaiva kukwezva yokumwe vadyidzani yokugadzira wokutanga pachivande yeSoviet. Zvisinei, hurukuro akatadza. machinda Foreign havana kugona kuwana kumabhanga.

Chete muna 1928, asi Moscow City Council mubasa kwakadzama pamusoro pakagadzwa vadyi wemari boka, waiva kuvaka Metropolitan Subway. The Implementation pamusoro pfungwa yekuvaka pevhu chaitadzisa vazhinji nharo pamusoro zvoupfumi chinhanho nechirongwa. Zvisinei, havana kutora nguva refu. Muna 1930 pambiru munyori Moscow webato komiti yokutanga akagadzwa L. yepedyo Stalin, Kaganovich. Ndiye akatamisa yebhizimisi kubvisa pasi. Ndosaka rakavhurwa 1935 Moscow Metro ainzi vanomutevera.

The mhinduro yacho dambudziko zvifambiso

Kana pamazuva muduku Soviet State zviremera kupfuura zvinenge nemuchovha uye trams, sezvo kukura guru mangwanani famba neguta vagari vawedzere kuoma. Somugumisiro, 6/1/1931, kuti kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa kwakaitika muMoscow. Movement yose guta akavhara rakakura kuwandisa kwemotokari. Izvi chakakurudzira webato utungamiri guru kuti kukurumidza pakuvaka pevhu.

Metrostroy - muna August 1931 sangano idzva akasikwa. Iye wakapiwa kukoshesa kodzero vawane pfuma uye michina. Chief Metrostroi akagadza njanji injiniya P. P. Roterta. Panguva iyo hurumende yakaumbwa sangano idzva, izvo zvinosanganisira wevanamakanika uye mainjiniya vanoita. Ndivo nyanzvi vatorwa Germany, Austria, America uye France. Aitarisira kuvakwa itsva zvakananga LM Kaganovich.

patani nyaya

Nokuti kutanga mutyairi wendege nzvimbo itsva zvokufambisa akasarudzwa chidimbu, kutanga mumugwagwa Rusakova, d. 13. kuvaka pevhu munharaunda iyi? Gasket akatakurwa Parisian nzira, kureva kuwana mugero pane kudzika kudzika. In ichi pevhu rakatenderera yanyatsosimba pamwe yaivakwa nematombo akacherwa. Pakutanga kuvakwa mainjiniya havana kushandisa Berlin nzira iyo yakanga kutanga kuchera gomba. Pakati peguta, apo pakanga nezvivakwa gobvu uye akatakura rinorema motokari, zvakanga zvisingagamuchiriki.

Kana nyaya kwakagadziriswa nyore, refu kutorarama gakava akapoteredza nyaya chii chinofanira kuva pachivande. Chii kuvaka itsva chokufambisa Links pamwe chitsuwa platforms, kana kuti kurutivi? Urongwa wokutanga, vakagamuchirwa muLondon uye Paris, dzaifanira kunyatsofunga vaiona mapurani kugadzira. Asi kuchikuva kwakadaro ndiko dzinokodzera mufambi. Lateral chinzvimbo, vakagamuchirwa muBerlin, zvakanga isingadhuri uye nyore pakuvaka.

How kuvaka pevhu pakupedzisira? mainjiniya Soviet vakaisa mberi pfungwa pakusika trehsvodchatyh dzemapurisa rine mbiri munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva tanera. Nokuti mumwe mirayiridzo divi platforms zvakagoverwa pano.

Technical kugadzirwa wokutanga pevhu mitsetse zvaisanganisira anopfuura chiuru hwakadzama manotsi tsananguro uye vanodhirowa. Pashure ongororo yake hwakadzama akasimbisa Moscow Committee of Party, vari 08/13/1933

yokunyanyisa ezvinhu

Kusarudza pamusoro pakuvaka Moscow pevhu, zviremera haana kufunga kuti vavaki vachafanira kukurira matambudziko akawanda. Chokwadi chokuti zvinhu nokuda kuvaka tunnels vaiva chaizvo zvisingafadzi.. How kuvaka pevhu muna Moscow? Lining tunnels rakachengetedzwa aronga kuti mugero kuyambuka mutsetse Olkhovka, Neglinka, Rybinki uye mujenya mamwe hova duku. Metrostroevtsy akanga dzavo zororo achishungurudzika, zvichiguma tunnels akadurura mujecha musanganiswa jecha, ivhu uye mvura. Vakaparadza pachivande nokushanda usukwe nheyo akagadza dzimba pedyo.

Kureba wokutanga pachikuva, kuvakoka kubva "Sokolniki" kuti "Komsomolskaya", uyewo kubva "Bibliothèque. Lenin "kune" Park Mutsika "metrostroevtsy amisa akazaruka nzira. Panyaya iyi, pamberi basa vaifanira achinakurira huripo mashoko pamusoro nharaunda kukurukurirana, kutakura chitima mitsetse uye dzishandise anokosha zvitsigiso vamire pedyo chivakwa. Kunzwisisa iri chokwadi chokuti Moscow City Council akarambidza chokukuvadza chivako, riri rokuvaka mapazi ari magetsi, gasi uye mvura. Pakanga pasina chisarudzo uye kumisa sangano mumigwagwa guta.

How kuvaka pevhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro? Kuti qualitatively uye panguva kupedza akaronga zvezvinotaurwa basa, ndaifanira kuenda mazano akasiyana-siyana. Saka, kubata mujecha mostostroevtsy kushandiswa pasi kuoma nechando rwokugadzira. To ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vanochera mumwe matsime iyo zvinomudzora chando karusiyamu chloride mhinduro. Izvi zvakaguma paumbwe echando sepombi izvo zvishoma kukura uye, interconnected, kuumba rusvingo isapinda. Zvishoma Papera, ruzivo urwu rave kushandiswa kuvaka Stalin kuti nhurikidzwa dzakawanda.

staffing matambudziko

Extreme ezvinhu, vane kuita building, vachirayira muchiuto pomudonzvo zvikuru vaikodzera. Zvisinei, chikuru maumbirwo wevanamakanika uye mainjiniya chaipiwa railwaymen uye miners. Ndivo vanhu vakanga vasati chikamu pakuvaka nepasi pevhu. Uyezve, 80% vashandi wakaburuka kupinda kwangu kokutanga muupenyu hwangu.

Nokuda kwokushayiwa kuvakwa vashandi vari panhengo metrostroevtsev yakanga yakawanda varimi uye vashandi. We akatora tsvimbo uye vashandi mukuru kubva mafekitari zvirimwa. All izvi vanhu vakauya kuna kuMoscow vachibva zvose pamusoro nyika, kudzidzira basa idzva kwavari kutoitika. Vaimbove vanogadzira shangu, tailors vechingwa vaiva misangano, akateerera vakaronga hurukuro, uye kuva fitter uye kongiri vashandi.

kugadzwa

Mumuedzo wokutanga chitima uri njanji yacho Moscow Metro 05/02/1935 GA musi May 15, Mutambo pakuvhurwa Moscow pevhu. Mumakore iwayo, kwaiva aitodada 11.2 km chakanga gumi zvechitima. Tikaisa unganidza Metro raiva gumi mbiri nziyo. Raiva 48 "A" mhando motokari.

Kutanga - ndiye nzira kubva "Sokolniki" kuti "Park Kultury" chiteshi, iro rine bazi iri "Smolensk". hondo pamwe Nazi Germany asati akakwanisa kuvhura mamwe misara miviri - Arbat uye Zamoskvoretskaya.

Moscow pevhu nhasi

How mamita vazhinji kuvaka? Basa mberi dzose nguva ivepo. Uyezve, chiteshi ano vane pfungwa miziyamu zvokunyaradza maonero. Ndokusaka Moscow pevhu ndiyo yakanaka munyika.

Sei kuvaka pachivande kusvikira zvino? Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nechokwadi chokuti guta iri kusangana guru motokari matambudziko muvhu rayo chikamu. Izvi zvikurukuru kunokwidziridza basa pevhu, inova takunda zvisamumirira Ipfungwa, kunyange Neine Basa Chaizvo nenhokwe maawa.

Implementation kuvakwa mabasa

Izvo makambani unovaka pachivande nhasi? KweDzimba pevhu pazviteshi kuvakwa vashandi Moscow Metro akaita, inova mutsivi sangano yakasimbiswa kuti chinangwa ichi muna 1931. The chivako kambani kunosanganisira maviri rokuvaka, gumi iyo vane vehurumende profile.

Ndiani kuvaka kuchiteshi muMoscow nhasi? Kusiyana thirties remakore rapfuura, rakanyorwa anokwanisa nenyanzvi musangano wehurumende. Izvi 8.5 zviuru vanhu vaibatanidzwa pakuvaka tunnels, kuisa substations uye waya mitsetse, njanji kuisa uye kupedza basa.

Mabasa kukura Moscow pevhu

Hurumende Moscow purogiramu inokosha nokuda kukura Moscow Metro rakazoshandiswa. It anofukidza nguva kubva 2012 kusvika 2020. Zvino izvi pamwero mukuru zvirongwa akaronga kuti dzinounzwa 1.24 tiririyoni rubles kubva muguta bhajeti. Vamwe kubatanidzwa zviitiko izvi zvichava dzakavanzika makambani. Ivo govera rubles mamiriyoni 42.

Where kuvaka kuchiteshi muMoscow nhasi? Maererano urongwa 2016, basa riri kuitwa pasi pakuvaka kuKalinin-Solntsevo mutsetse. kumaodzanyemba-dzokumadokero Ichi chikamu pevhu, ndoupiko unonyanya vaizotibata muna Moscow pevhu hurongwa kukura.

Chii kuchiteshi yakavakirwa mutsetse uyu? Ndiyo "Minsk" uye "Lomonosov Tariro", "Ramenok" uye "Michurinsk prospectus" uye "Solntsevo", "Govorovo" uye "Ochakovo". nhepfenyuro idzi kushandisa vagari vanogara Ramenskoye muruwa. Umo aronga kuvaka pevhu pamusoro? KuKalinin-Solntsevo mutsetse tatamuka kuna Novomoskovskaya Rasskazovka, Peredelkino uye Solntseva.

Pakati mabasa yaizotongwa 2016, kunewo sumo nokushanda nhepfenyuro shanu riri mukati wechitatu kuchinjana redunhu. Zvichava kubatanidza munhu zvikamu guru kupinda rimwe network. Izvo Metro station kuvakwa muna yechinangwa mabasa aya? Izvi "Khodynka" uye "Lower Maslivka", "Peter Park", "Shepeliha" uye "Khoroshevskaya". Nokutumwa kuti nhepfenyuro idzi kushanda kuchaita pamusoro muzvina kuburutsa chinokosha Moscow pevhu.

Where kuvaka Metro asi? Maererano urongwa metrostroevtsev rakatora kuwedzera Lublin-Dmitrov mutsetse. Ichava makiromita anopfuura mashanu, izvo zvichaita kuzarura pairi nhepfenyuro itsva matatu - "Upper Likhobory", "denderedzwa" uye "Seliger". In nechimwe izvi outputs maviri anopiwa. A "denderedzwa" kushongedza uye kuchinja zvimwe zvechitima.

Chokwadi, apo vari kuvaka pevhu, zvinhu pamwe mabhazi iri zvinoshamisa hwakavandudzika. Kurumidzai kuenda kwauri kuenda munguva pfupi achakwanisa vagari mumaguta sezvo Hovrino uye Left Bank. Mamiriro kwakavandudza nokutumwa "Hovrino" chiteshi.

Kuwedzera pakuvaka itsva kuitwa uye kugadziridza makuru. Nokudaro, vakaronga kugadzwa itsva escalator kuna "Frunzenskaya" panhepfenyuro 2016. Izvi imhaka yakaderera inokwana yaivapo michina.

"Vykhino" Metro

The chiteshi - mumwe mukuru muguta guru. Sezvo inokosha chezvinonhuwira Violet Metro Line, zvinotora mubhazi kubva 1966. Kusiyana vakawanda nhepfenyuro "Vykhino" riri aboveground. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvinhu of Moscow pevhu ichi mhando wokutanga.

Station "Vykhino" (aimbova "Zhdanov") - iri congested chaizvo nzvimbo. Panguva yepamusoro maawa, vakawanda vaitakurwa havangagoni kupinda motokari aswedera pachikuva. Ndokusaka utungamiriri pachivande akasarudza kutanga pamusoro kubazi ichi wakawedzera nziyo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kugadzirisa dambudziko. Pari, ravarwi ndiye murevereri. It rinobatanidza munhu nharaunda Moscow rayo pakati. Zviri kuburikidza "Vykhino" vanhu itsva dzinogarwa zvivako, kuvaka riri kuitwa pamusoro kumucheto nokukurumidza kumhanya, vasvike kwavaienda. Masikati, kuchiteshi zvinotora anenge mazana mashanu zviuru vanhu. Kuzara nzira zvinyorwa! Izvi zvinoisa zvakakanganwika upenyu akarikomberedza nharaunda yose. Pasinei nokuti bhazi uye trolley yenzira dzakadziuka, vanhu vakajaira kushandisa pachivande chokufambisa, inova matambudziko chaizvo.

Ndokusaka zviri akakurumbira pakati pavanhu kurutivi hurumende Moscow anonyatsoteerera. Vakuru veguta vakasarudza kushongedzera riri kumativi yemapurisa nzvimbo. Nhasi, vagari vazhinji nzvimbo uye vashanyi akabvunza inotevera mubvunzo: chii yakavakirwa pamusoro "Vykhino" pamusoro pevhu? Richava chaiyo kuchinjana raiva pedyo nebundu, chinova hwakanaka akakura. Under rimwe denga, zvichaita nokubatanidza nzira kuti iripo mitsetse zvose yokukurukurirana. Uyezve, sezvo chikamu zvakaoma, izvo dzichavafukidza imwe nzvimbo dzinopfuura makumi maviri hectares, achava kwete kumhara pachikuva, asi dzakasiyana-siyana zvitoro uye pamisika. Manual guta anodavira kuti vakadaro muzinda haangaiti chete aivabatsira kuti chokufambisa ezvinhu munharaunda, asi ndichaita kuti pave yakanaka magariro nokuda kwevanhu.