Herman Melville "Moby Dick kana The White Whale": pfupiso. "Moby Dick" - mumwe yokufungidzira kunobva nyaya yechokwadi

Nhasi tiri kutarisa yakakurumbira yesarudzo American munyori Herman Melville, kana panzvimbo pfupiso ake. "Moby Dick kana The White Whale" - mumwe yokufungidzira yakavakirwa zviitiko chaizvo. Zvakanyorwa mugore 19651.

About bhuku

"Moby Dick kana The White Whale" (pfupiso kuuya pazasi) rava huru zvibereko H. Melville, mumiririri American Romanticism. nganonyorwa Izvi akazara vakawanda lyrical hurukuro, ane anotaura yemubhaibheri vanotongwa, chiratidzo zvakawanda. Zvichida ndokusaka haana kugamuchirwa venguva yake. Kana vatsoropodzi kana vaverengi havanzwisisi kudzama basa. Chete ari 20s ari rechi20 remakore yokufungidzira, kana rakavhurwa, achibhandara mutero tarenda nemunyori.

History chokusika

The nganonyorwa kwaibva zviitiko chaizvo kuti anogona kubvuma pfupi retelling. Herman Melville ( "Moby Dick" raiva yepamusoro okugadzira zvinhu ake) akatora sehwaro mabasa chakaitika pamwe chikepe "zimbabwe". Ngarava iyi akauya kuredza muna 1819 muna Massachusetts. Vakawanda hafu vashandi vemo akanga achiparidza whaling, kusvikira zuva rimwe hazvishandi hwogumisa chihombe dzisingaoneki whale. November 20, 1820 ngarava payakanga rammed ne shato huru kakati.

Mushure kwaparara akapukunyuka vezvikepe 20, uyo vakakwanisa magwa kusvika kuchitsuwa Henderson, iyo panguva iyoyo pasingagarwi. Kwapera nguva, vamwe vakapukunyuka vakaenda kunotsvaka yakaoma, vamwe vakasara pachitsuwa. Vafambi rose mazuva 95 kubva achidzungaira mugungwa. Vakapukunyuka vaviri chete - mukuru uye mumwe crewman. Vakanhonga munhu whaler. Vakataura pamusoro zvaitika kwavari.

Mukuwedzera, mapeji yokufungidzira vakanotora pachake zvakaitika Melville, vakaenda pamusoro whaling chikepe uye makore nehafu. Neshamwari dzake dzakawanda vaiva magamba aiva ipapo yokufungidzira. Somuenzaniso, mumwe varidzi mudziyo sokuti kushanda pasi zita Bhiridhadhi.

Summary: "Moby Dick kana The White Whale" (Melville)

The protagonist - jaya, Ishimaeri. Ane simba dambudziko zvemari, uye upenyu panyika zvishoma nezvishoma kuti netsa naye. Saka akasarudza kuenda whaler, apo iwe unogona kuita mari zvakanaka, uye saka kufinhikana mugungwa hazviiti.

Nantucket - dangwe American chiteshi guta. Zvisinei, nokuda pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, rakaguma kuva chikuru hove centre, izvozvo vakasundidzira muduku. Zvisinei, Ishimaeri zvakakosha kuita ngarava hazvo pano.

Paaienda Nantucket Ishmaeri akambopedza rimwe taundi pachiteshi. Pano unogona kusangana mumigwagwa yacho savages, uyo akasvika pagungwa kuenda nemidziyo pane zvimwe chitsuwa vasingazivikanwi. Tudyo mikoko wakaumbwa hombe shato huru shaya. Uye vaparidzi mumakereke, vanokwira manera kuti dhipatimendi.

In pahotera jaya asangana Queequeg, matare-zvemo. nokukurumidza, vanova shamwari dzakanaka, saka akasarudza kupinda muchikepe pamwe chete.

"Pequod"

Ndiyo chete pakutanga pfupiso yedu. "Moby Dick kana The White Whale" - mumwe yokufungidzira, zvinotora nzvimbo chisungo chengarava muguta Nantucket apo Ishimaeri mutsva shamwari yake vakaripira chikepe "Pequod". Whaler kugadzirira circumnavigation, iyo inogara 3 years.

Ishmael Zvakazivikanwawo nyaya yacho wengarava. Ahabhi wokupedzisira ndege, kuuya kunzwisisa shato huru, akarasikirwa gumbo. Pashure chiitiko ichi, akava kuora mwoyo uye morose, uye vazhinji nguva kabhini yake. On munzira kubva kutiza, sezvo vafambisi vanoti, ndakanga kunyange mupfungwa dzangu kwenguva yakati.

Zvisinei, ichi uye vamwe vatorwa pazviitiko zvinobatanidza ngarava, Ishimaeri haana batanidza inokosha. Zvaakanga asangana pachiteshi chengarava kufungira mutorwa vakatanga kufungidzira rufu "Pequod" uye chikwata chake yose, jaya akasarudza kuti kwaingova mupemhi uye ano. A kujeka kwasviba zvitarisiko, usiku, akasvetuka mungarava, uye ipapo sezvinoita mhinduro pamusoro pake, iye akafunga kuti chete figment kuti zvavaifunga.

mukuru

Oddities chokuita mukuru uye chikepe chake kunosimbiswazve nemashoko pfupiso. "Moby Dick" anoenderera kuti Ahabhu rakabuda kabhini ake mazuva mashomanana pashure kutanga rwendo. Ishmael vakamuona uye akarohwa nokusviba mukuru uye kunama Zvaifadza kurwadziwa mukati nechiso chake.

Kunyanya nokuti mumwe-makumbo marefu mukuru aigona kuchengeta takatsiga panguva simba yokukandwa mu uriri mapuranga vakabayiwa makomba duku uko akaisa ake chakagadzirwa gumbo yakagadzirwa shaya kuti urume whale.

Mukuru anorayira vakwasvi kuti utsvake chena whale. Ahabhi hapana anotaura, zviri yakavharwa uye kunoda murayiro kwokuteerera kwakakwana uye pakarepo aurayiwe mirairo yake. Vazhinji mirayiro kukonzera wokudzedzeresa pasi, asi mukuru akaramba kutsanangura chinhu. Ishmael kunzwisisa kuti ari kusuwa reverie mukuru Anovandira zvimwe rima chakavanzika.

Kokutanga mugungwa

"Moby Dick" - bhuku, pfupiso riri pamusoro manzwiro kuti munhu zvakaitika, tanga kusunungurwa mugungwa. Ishmael wakada kuona upenyu pamusoro whaling chikepe. Melville anopa rondedzero iyi yakawanda nzvimbo pamusoro mapeji yesarudzo ake. Pano unogona kuwana kurondedzerwa siyana ebetsero maturusi uye mitemo, uye dzinokosha unyanzvi wokuvhima hove huru, uye nzira zvinotarisirwa zvikaramba kubva hove spermaceti - imwe pfuma zvinosanganisira mafuta emhuka.

Pane ari itsva muzvitsauko, izvo vakazvipira kuti siyana mabhuku pamusoro hove huru, zvivako kuongorora Whale miswe, namatsime, marangwanda. Kune kududzwa dzisingaoneki hove huru akaita Zvidhori akagadzirwa nematombo, ndarira uye nezvimwewo. Munguva yose nganonyorwa munyori inoisa ruzivo pamusoro zvakasiyana hunhu mhuka idzi kunoshamisa.

goridhe doubloon

Tiri kuramba pfupiso yedu. "Moby Dick" - mumwe yokufungidzira, zvinonakidza kwete chete nokuda bhuku kwayo zvinhu uye ruzivo pamusoro hove huru, asiwo nyaya inofadza. Saka, kamwe Ahabhi kuunganidza chikwata rose "Pequod", iro achiona akarovererwa rechikepe ane doubloon goridhe. Mukuru yakataura kuti mari vachaenda kune vaya vokutanga kuona nzira yacho chena whale. Izvi Albino dzisingaoneki shato huru-anozivikanwa pakati whalers ainzi Moby Dick. Anoti vezvikepe kutya ferocity yavo, guru kukura uye zvisati oumhizha. ganda rake yakafukidzwa mavanga kubva harpoons, sezvo iye kazhinji apinda kurwisana nevanhu, asi nguva dzose buda nazvo mukundi. Izvi nemishonga hazvidaviriki, izvo kazhinji yakaguma rufu mudziyo uye rikarira, vakajaira whalers regai kuedza kubata nayo.

About musangano inotyisa Ahabhi Moby Dick anoudza pfupiso zvitsauko. Herman Melville anotsanangura sei mukuru akarasikirwa gumbo rake apo, ari pakati ngwanda, panguva hasha vakamhanyira urume shato huru nebanga muruoko rwake. Pashure chiitiko ichi mukuru akashuma kuti akanga achienda pakudzinga chena shato huru chero chitunha chayo achava asina kuonekwa mungarava.

Vachinzwa izvi, Starbuck, wokutanga naye, mukuru akaramba. Anoti kuti hakusi kuchenjera kutsiva zvisingafungi zvemashoko chiito chaitwa pakati kuteerera bofu hwokuzvarwa nahwo. Uyezve, mune ichi pane kumhura. Asi mukuru, uye ipapo chikwata yose kutanga kuona muchimiro jena shato huru pachake nokudenga zvakaipa. Vakatuma chinotukwa urume shato huru nezvokunwa rufu rwake. imwe imba yemapuranga mukomana Pip Negro chete, minamato kuna Mwari, vachikumbira kuti kudzivirirwa vanhu ava.

kutambudzwa

A Pfupiso mabasa "Moby Dick kana The White Whale" inotiudza kuti "Pequod" kuonana dzisingaoneki hove huru. Water kutanga kudzikisa zvikepe, uye panguva ino varipo kupfuura asinganzwisisiki rima zvipoko - pachedu chikwata yaAhabhi, basa kubva South vokuAsia. Kusvikira panguva iyi Ahabhi akavavanza kubva wose, nokuchengeta munhare. Chairs kujairika vezvikepe kwakavanzika-achitarisa repakati murume anonzi Fedalla.

Pasinei nokuti mukuru ane chete Moby Dick, hachigoni zvachose kusiya pakuvhima dzimwe hove huru. Naizvozvo, ngarava kunoramba kuvhima, uye zvirongo vakazadzwa spermaceti. Apo "Pequod" rinowanika nedzimwe midziyo, mukuru chokutanga anobvunza kana vafambisi akaona chena whale. Kazhinji pakupindura kunzwa nyaya sei Moby Dick akauraya kana kuremadzwa munhu kubva chikwata.

Inzwai uprofita itsva zvinotyisa: kupenga mukwasvi ane utachiona mudziyo kupararira anonyevera chikwata nomugumo vanyombi anotsunga kubatana muhondo chete pachake hasha dzaMwari.

Rimwe zuva dambudziko kunounza "Pequod" mumwe mudziyo, ane mukuru harpooned Moby Dick, asi mugumisiro yakanga yakakomba vakakuvadzwa uye akarasikirwa ruoko. Ahabhi akati kuna iyeye. Zvakaratidza kuti haana chinangwa kutsiva whale. Zvisinei, iye yakashuma Coordonatele kupi chikepe yakabonderana whale.

Starbuck anoedza zvakare kuyambira mukuru, asi zvose pasina. Ahabhi anoudza kuumba anopinza kunorwadza simbi kuti vari mudziyo. Uye richipedza chombo muedzo iropa harpooners matatu.

uprofita

Zvose zvakawanda mukuru wengarava ake akava chiratidzo zvakaipa Moby Dick (Moby Dick). tsananguro pfupi anotarira zviitiko kuitika neshamwari Queequeg, Ishimaeri. Matare kurwara achibva kubasa rakaoma nyorova uye anonzwa kukurumidza rufu. Akakumbira Ishimaeri amusikire igwa pamariro apo muviri wake angadai glided kuburikidza remafungu. Kana Queequeg iri gadzira, igwa kusarudza remake upenyu Buoy.

Night Fedalla anoudza Captain uprofita zvinotyisa. Usati kufa, Ahabhi akaona hearse maviri: mumwe - akaita rinopfuura revanhu ruoko, wechipiri - kubva American matanda. A mukuru anogona kukonzera rufu chete hemp. Asi asati kuti anofanira kufa Fedalla. Ahabhi usingatendi - iye zvokutadza kuva vasungirirwe pamatanda.

rakada

More uye zvimwe zvinoratidza kuti ngarava pedyo nzvimbo Moby Dick mupenyu. Pfupiso yebhuku nechitsauko rinotsanangura kunotyisa dutu. Starbuck anosimbisira kuti mukuru Ngarava kurufu, asi asingadi kuedza kuuraya Ahabhi, vimba mugumo.

In dutu chikepe asangana mumwe chikepe - "Rachel". Mukuru anomuudza kuti kudzingirira Moby Dick pamberi, uye akakumbira kuti abatsire Ahabhi kundotsvaka mwanakomana wake ane makore 12 okuberekwa, uyo yakabviswa pamwe whaleboat. Zvisinei, mukuru "Pequod" aramba.

Pakupedzisira, muna Daro vaona chena ano. Mazuva matatu kutevera chikepe whale. Uye "Pequod" waparadza naye. Asi Moby Dick pakarepo acharwisa uye ikaruma maviri whaleboat mukuru. Tanetseka chaizvo, iye anokwanisa kuponesa. Mukuru akagadzirira kuramba pakabva, asi zvi- ratova chiverevere kure navo.

Pakazosvika mangwanani urume shato huru kubata zvakare. Moby Dick hwaparadza zviviri whaleboat. Achinyudza vezvikepe kuuya mungarava, zvinova pachena kuti chisipo Fedalla. Ahabhi akatanga kutya, aiyeuka uprofita, asi kusiya mukutonga asingagoni.

The zuva retatu

Inoita kuti mukuru Moby Dick. Pfupiso yebhuku vakuru zvose anorondedzera kwakakwidibira mashura, asi Ahabhi ndiye kupenga ake chido. Keith zvakare anoparadza whaleboats akawanda uye anoedza kusiya, asi Ahabhi nechikepe chete kuramba kutambudza naye. Ipapo urume shato huru akatsauka uye namakondobwe "Pequod". Chikepe anotanga kuenda pasi. Ahabhi anovhundutsa okupedzisira anopinza akuvadzwa shato huru zvikuru kuenda kudzama uye anotakura kungodzungaira hemp tambo mukuru. The chikepe kudhonzwa kupinda fanera, uyewo racho rose ringakweva uye pakupedzisira whaleboat, apo Ishimaeri.

gumisiro

Ishmael chete vasara chikwata yose chikepe Melville. Moby Dick (pfupiso kunoratidza izvozvo), akuvadzwa asi vapenyu kugomba yakadzika munyanza.

Mutambi mukuru chishamiso vapukunyuke. Chinhu bedzi vasara chikepe - mwoyo uye tarred mubhokisi shamwari yake. Rakanga riri zuva rino kuvakwa gamba anoita mu megungwa, kusvikira awana vafambisi kubva mungarava "Rachel." Mukuru mudziyo uyu achiri ndichitarisira kuwana mwana wake akarasika.