Haydegger Martin: A Biography, uzivi

Haydegger Martin (Makore oupenyu - 1889-1976) mumwe wemapiyona uzivi akadai German existentialism. Akaberekerwa muna 1889, musi waSeptember 26, panguva messkirch. baba vake, Friedrich Heidegger, aiva mhizha yakanaka.

Heidegger Achava mupristi

Kubva 1903 kusvika 1906 Haydegger Martin anopinda chikoro muna Constanta. Iye anogara "Imba Conrad" (a chebhodhin'i chikoro Catholic) uye kugadzirira kuva muprista. In nezvidzidzo ake, Martin Heidegger pamusoro matatu akatevera. Biography ake panguva ino kunoratidzwa ne chokwadi kuti inopinda chikoro uye archiepiscopal upristi Breisgau (Freiburg). September 30, 1909 ramangwana muzivi akava ruzivo iri pasi Feldkirch Tizis wechechi yeRoma wemamongi. Zvisinei, musi October 13 Ndakarovererwa vakazodzingwa pamba nokuda kutanga kurwadziwa mumwoyo Martin Heidegger.

Brief Biography yake mberi kuti munguva kubva 1909 kusvika 1911, kudzidza paYunivhesiti Freiburg, mune zvechitendero fakaroti. Iyewo aidaro yavo uzivi. Nyaya yokutanga kwake yakabudiswa panguva iyoyo, Martin Heidegger (mufananidzo wake anoratidzwa pazasi).

Spiritual dambudziko, mutsva munda dzokudzidza chinyorwa

Kubva 1911 kusvika 1913 akanga achipfuura pakunamata crisis afunga kusiya yebhaibheri fakaroti, akaramba zvidzidzo ake paYunivhesiti Freiburg. Pano Martin Heidegger akadzidza uzivi uye sayenzi dzinongoitika uye nevanhu. Iye shtudiruet basa "Investigations Kukurukurwa" Husserl vake. Muna 1913, Haydegger Martin akadzivirira chinyorwa chake uye akava mudzidzisi paUniversity of Freiburg mune imwe 2 years.

muchato

Muna 1917, muzivi kuroorwa. Anofunga anowana dzepamusha Freiburg upfumi Elfriede Petri. mukadzi Heidegger ndiro mwanasikana Prussian mukuru nechinzvimbo chepamusoro. Namatai kwaari - Evangelical Lutheran. The mukadzi pakarepo vakatenda padunhu mugumo uye shasha wake. Anova rutsigiro rwake, munyori, shamwari. Pasi pokudzora wake pakupedzisira kukura kuparadzaniswa Heidegger kuti chiKaturike. Muna 1919, mhuri akaberekwa mwanakomana wokutanga, George, uye gore gare gare - Herman.

Basa wapurofesa, hurukuro pamusoro ontology

Kubva muna 1918 kusvika 1923, ndiye muzivi Husserl kuti mubatsiri uye wapurofesa paUniversity Freiburg. Muna 1919 iye akaputsa pamwe Catholic ezvinhu, uye gore akazotanga noushamwari kuti muzivi Karl Jaspers. Kubva 1923 kusvika 1928, Heidegger akabata mharidzo pamusoro ontology. Ontology Martina Haydeggera chinowedzera ayo mukurumbira. Akakokwa paYunivhesiti Marburg kunoshamisa muzvinafundo.

Jobs in Marburg

Income Heidegger nani. Zvisinei, guta racho pacharo, shoma raibhurari, dzemo mhepo - izvi zvose annoys Martin, uyo angadai nokuzvidira kugara Heidelberg. Zviri pano kuti dzinokwezva iye zvino, uye ukama Karlom Yaspersom. Anoponesa Heidegger Spirited kutsvaka kwouzivi uye imba yemapuranga Todtnauberg (yaifananidzira pazasi), mukati kufamba kure mudzimba dzavo - huni basa, gomo mhepo, uye Chikurukuru - kusikwa rinonzi "Kuva uye Time", iyo yakava chaiwo remakore rechi20 . akakurumbira chaizvo pakati vanodzidza Heidegger kuti hurukuro. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa vamwe kunze R. Bultmann, akakurumbira muRoma yezvechitendero.

Heidegger - the mutsivi Husserl pa Freiburg University

Bhuku "Kuva uye Time" anobuda muna 1927, uye inotevera munyori wayo anobudirira Husserl panguva dhipatimendi uzivi paUniversity Freiburg chizvarwa. In 1929-30. anoverenga dzinoverengeka nemishumo zvinokosha. Muna 1931 Heidegger kuonekwa tsitsi National Socialist kufamba. Rector paUniversity of Freiburg (yaifananidzira pazasi), anova muna 1933. Panguva ino anosanganisira sangano "musasa sayenzi", uyewo promotional kuonekwa muna Tübingen, Heidelberg uye Leipzig.

Heidegger anotendeuka kubva muna 1933 pakati vashoma inonyatsozivikanwa unhu avo pamwe nevaNazi. Pakati ake Pfungwa zvido awana chinhu nzvanyira pamwe mindsets dzavo. Heidegger, achinyatsotaurira zvidzidzo ake uye pfungwa, havana nguva uye inokosha chido kunzwisisa zvinorehwa mabasa "theorists" yechiFascist uye "Mein Kampf" by Hitler. Sangano idzva anovimbisa ukuru uye yokuti Germany. Student mibatanidzwa pave ichi. Heidegger, ane Vadzidzi achida, anoziva uye inorangarira kumunetsawo yavo. The sefungu National akachangamuka uye anoita izvozvo. Heidegger zvishoma abatwa nemambure siyana masangano Nazi, zviri University of Freiburg.

Muna April 1934, muzivi nokuzvidira kusiya pambiru Rector. Ari kugadzira chirongwa pakusikwa Academy mapurofesa muBerlin. Martin afunga kupinda mimvuri, nokuti kuvimba of National Socialist mutemo atova mutoro. Izvi anoponesa muzivi.

Hondo uye pashure pehondo makore

Mumakore akatevera, anoita dzinoverengeka nemishumo zvinokosha. Muna 1944 Heidegger akurudzire kuchera pemigero vari varwi. Muna 1945 akaenda Meskirh kuvanza uye anoumba chinyorwa chako uye rinotaura kuti akabva Commission on kucheneswa. Heidegger zvakare zvachinotarisana Sartre, ndiye shamwari Jean Jean Beaufret. Kubva muna 1946 kusvika 1949 inopfuurira kurambidzwa achidzidzisa. Muna 1949, iye anoita kuti kirabhu Valenza 4 yamashoko, dzakanga wakadzokororwa muna 1950 muna Academy of Arts Akanaka (Bavaria). Heidegger anotora chikamu mumusangano siyana, kunoona muna 1962, Greece. Akafa musi May 26, 1978.

Two kwenguva mubasa Heidegger

Two nguva pakabudiswa mabasa anofunga ichi. Wokutanga kubvira 1927 kusvika pakati 1930s. Mukuwedzera "Kuva uye Time", mumakore aya basa, Martin Heidegger akanyora zvinotevera (muna 1929): - "Kant uye dambudziko metaphysics," "On musimboti nechigadziko," "Chii Metaphysics?". Kubvira muna 1935, hunotanga nguva basa rake rechipiri. Rinotora kusvikira pakuguma upenyu anofunga. Mabasa kukosha iyi vari: akanyorwa muna 1946 basa "Gelderin uye musimboti nhetembo", muna 1953 - "Nhanganyaya Metaphysics", muna 1961 - "Nietzsche", muna 1959 - "kurutivi mutauro."

Features wokutanga uye chechipiri nguva,

Muzivi rokutanga nguva kuedza kusika hurongwa, inova dzidziso yokuporeswa, vaiona sehwaro okuvapo kwevanhu. In yechipiri Heidegger anodudzira zvakasiyana siyana nepfungwa dzouzivi. Iye zvinoreva zvakanyorwa zvekare vanyori vakadai Anaximander, Plato, naAristotle, uye mabasa vamiririri ano uye panguva, akadai R. M. Rilke, Friedrich Nietzsche, F. Hölderlin. Dambudziko iri nguva mutauro anova musoro kufunga yake anofunga ichi.

Dambudziko kuti anosangana munhu HEIDEGGER

Martin Heidegger, uzivi izvo tiri kufarira, vakaona basa rake somunhu anofunga kupembedza dzidziso itsva nezvezvinoreva uye musimboti yokuva. Akatsvaka kuti azadzise chinangwa ichi, kuwana nzira kuti uvandudze adequacy pakusvitsa pfungwa kuburikidza mutauro. Takawana nezvezvandaifanira muzivi ndiko kubudisa dzisinganyatsooneki noruvara zvinoreva, zvichiita kunonyanyisa kushandisa mashoko ouzivi.

Very runonyengera mutauro rakanyorwa huru basa Heidegger, rakabudiswa muna 1927 ( "Kuva uye Time"). Somuenzaniso, Berdyaev vaiona "saregerereka" mutauro basa, uye vakawanda shoko-inotungamirwa (shoko "mozhestvovanie" uye dzimwe) - haashandi kana, kanenge, zvinosuwisa zvikuru. Mutauro Heidegger Zvisinei, sezvo Hegel vaMwari, dzinoratidzwa zvikuru okuti. Pasina mubvunzo, vanyori ava vane zvavo mabhuku maitiro.

Chipangamazano chaVa umo Europe awana

Martin Heidegger anoedza mabasa ake anoratidza kugadzwa vanofunga vanhu Europe, izvo zvinogona kunzi dzinokosha, izvo yakabereka ino pamamiriro ezvinhu European budiriro. Maererano muzivi, chinonyanya kukosha vavo zvakabayirwa vanhu pfungwa nokukurira tsika pfungwa achitambanudza shure kwemakore 300. Europe akaita apinda akafa magumo akanga iye. deadlock Izvi zvinofanira kuzomboda uye akateerera anokuzendamira upenyu, sezvo Martin Heidegger. uzivi wake pachinhu ichi hachisi vangasimudzira chitsva. nevafungi zhinji European Ndainetseka nemibvunzo sei vanhu ichifamba uye kana vakachinja nzira dzavo mugwara. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvazvo, Heidegger hakugumiri. Iye hypothesizes kuti tingava "vanonoka" kubudirira yenhau, dzakakodzera kumugumo wayo, umo vose zvichazadziswa "richikunetesa nzira nokuda yunifomu." In uzivi yake anofunga haasi mberi basa rokuponesa nyika. Chinangwa chake mwero. Zviri kunzwisisa nyika yatiri kurarama.

Analysis kuva chikamu

In uzivi, chinotaura pamusoro Kuongorora Mapato yokuva. chikamu ichi azadza kuti tigutsikane imwe mhando. Martin Heidegger, ane Biography kwave kukurukurwa apa, anodavira kuti ari unomirira kubvira pakutanga Western pfungwa uye uzivi ichiri chete, uye kuti kuvapo iyo inonzwika ikozvino. Maererano kazhinji akagamuchira maonero, zvino anoumba nguva mhinduro muchipikisana ayo kare uye ramangwana. Time akatsunga sezvo kuvapo. In Heidegger kuti Being - munguva kuvapo zvakasiyana zvinhu, kana tsika.

kuvapo kwevanhu

Maererano muzivi ichi, vanhu kuvapo - ari womumhuri kunzwisisa zvinhu. The wenyama rinoreva imwe rokuti "dasien", nokudaro rokukoromorwa netsika yatangira uzivi, maererano iyo rinoreva "kuvapo", "wakakumikidzwa chisikwa". Maererano nyanzvi Heidegger, ake "dasien" zvinoreva, asi, kuvapo chavanoziva. Chete munhu anoziva kuti iye unofa, uye chete aiziva temporality wayo kuvapo. Anokwanisa, akavonga payo, vazive chokuvapo kwavo.

Kuwana munyika uye nokuva mairi, munhu ruchiramba mamiriro kunetseka. hanya ichi rinowanikwa sezvo kubatana 3 pfungwa, "mberi", "ari munyika" uye "ari pasi vnutrimirovom kuti ariko." Heidegger aidavira kuti kuva tsika ndiyo pakutanga ngaawone nokuziva zvose.

Muzivi, tichifunga se "mberi", "kutarisirwa", achida kusimbisa musiyano pakati munhu kubva navamwe chaikoiko munyika. Kuva munhu kugara "chinonzvenga mberi." Zvinobatanidza nemikana saka zvitsva zviri wakaiswa se "chirongwa". Kureva, kuvapo kwevanhu racho pacharo. Kuziva kufamba nguva yake akaona mu basa upenyu. Naizvozvo, tinogona kufunga chinoitwa dzakadai zviripo munhau.

Imwe dudziro "hanya" ( "kuva nenguva vnutrimirovom kuti aripo") ndiyo nzira chaiyo yokuwadzana zvinhu. Man anoona pavo shamwari dzake. Kutarisira mamiriro anobatanidza chipo, nezveramangwana uye yapfuura. Past mabasa ari Heidegger sezvo Kuramba ramangwana - se "chirongwa," kushanda nesu, uye ikozvino - vakatongerwa kuitwa varanda nezvinhu. Being anogona, zvichienderana Kuisa imwe Kufananidzira kuva echokwadi kana inauthentic.

inauthentic kuvapo

Tiri kubata asiri zvechokwadi hwakanaka uye kuvapo, zvakafanana nayo, kana zvinhu zvinobatsira kuva chezvinonhuwira ichi pfungwa dzomutauro wokutanga dzingasajeka Mbabvu ake pamunhu, kureva, kana kuitwa zvachose yokuita zvinoitwa munzanga uye chinangwa ezvinhu. Maererano Heidegger, inauthentic kuvapo hazvigoni kubviswa kwezvakatipoteredza kushanduka. It mamiriro munhu ari "mamiriro vakaparadzana." Heidegger anodana inauthentic kwadzinoita kuvapo, inozivikanwa ndechokuti munhu kunyudzwa zvakazara munyika zvinhu, dictating maitiro ake, kuvapo muna rekuremekedza Hapana. It anosarudza hwemazuva kuvapo kwevanhu. Yiwa mberi pasina, anoonga kubudirana pachena okupedzisira wanamatira kune anopfuurawo kuvapo. Mune mamwe manzwi, unogona kunzwisisa kuvapo. Sezvo mamiriro nokuda mukana kuwedzera kwayo, isu Hapana anotaura venyama. kuziva kwedu kunoita kuti tibvunze kwairi metaphysics. Rinotibatsira nzira yokubuda mhiri kuvapo nokuziva nyaya.

Metaphysics ari kududzirwa Heidegger

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Heidegger, vachifunga pamusoro metaphysics wayo kudzidudzira. Very akasiyana zvetsika kunzwisisa dudziro dzataurwa nokuda Martin Heidegger. Chii metaphysics, maererano netsika? Zvakatonyorwa rakagara richidudzirwa zvakurukurwa ndi muuzivi yose kana chikamu chayo, vachifungawo dialectic. New Uzivi nguva, maererano anofunga inotifadza, ndiyo metaphysics ose subjectivity. metaphysics ichi, uyezve, munhu nihilism wakakwana. Chii kurohwa? Heidegger aidavira kuti metaphysics wekare, razova kwakafanana nihilism munguva yedu apedzisa nyaya yake. In ake pfungwa, ichi chinoratidza kushandurwa muna anthropology ouzivi ruzivo. Kuva anthropology, uzivi anofa waibva metaphysics. Heidegger aidavira kuti uchapupu izvi yakakurumbira kuziviswa Nietzsche kuti sirogani "Mwari ndiye akafa." The sirogani nzira iyi, chokwadi, iri kusiyiwa zvechitendero, inova uchapupu kuparadzwa nheyo iro akazorora pamberi anokosha nevatambi uye anotsanangura pfungwa dzevanhu kurongeka muupenyu.

nihilism kuti modernity

Haydegger Martin anoti kunyangarika simba kereke uye Mwari kunoreva kuti nzvimbo yokupedzisira anotora simba nehana uye chikonzero. Historical mberi kunotsiviwa muchitiza kupinda hwaJehoshafati pfungwa ino. Vavariro husingaperi hwemafaro, riri otherworldly, tinoshandurirwa mufaro yepasi kuti vanhu vazhinji. Kupararira yebudiriro, tsika uye zvinhu uye kuchatsiviwa achitarisirwa kanosvota yechitendero, sezvo Martin Heidegger akati. Machinery uye pfungwa tinozviona. Chii chaiva wokutanga chepfungwa zvebhaibheri Mwari - okugadzira zvinhu - zvino ndozvavava mabasa evanhu. Vanhu okugadzira zvinhu zvinopinda gesheft uye basa. Pashure anouya tsika kuderera padanho kuwedzera kwayo. Nihilism chiratidzo dzazvino. Nihilism, maererano Heidegger, - chokwadi kuti aimbova chinangwa zvose kuzununguswa. chokwadi ichi anouya kudzora. Zvisinei, pamwe kuchinja mafungiro kurutivi dzinokosha netsika nihilism inojeka uye kusunungura basa pave vatsva. A nihilistic atinoitwa tsika uye zviremera havana hanya Zvisinei, zvokurega kutanga tsika dzevanhu uye kufunga.

Ko kutevedzana kwezviitiko nguva iri asingashumbi?

Yeuka, achitaura muuzivi nhoroondo Martina Haydeggera, kuti maererano zvaanofunga, hazvina kurongwa urongwa hwakanaka rinokwana mazera. Hakunzvengeki. Anofunga aidavira kuti vasvike ramangwana vanhu havagoni mhanyisa. Zvisinei, vanogona kuzviona, unotofanira kudzidza kuteerera nezvokuvapo uye kubvunza mibvunzo. Zvino nyika itsva chinyararire kuuya. Zvichava, maererano Heidegger, kuti vatungamirirwe "maitiro", kureva kuti omurume basa kuronga zvose zvinobvira zvinangwa. Saka nedochelovechestvo ave akakwana.

Two Mhando mafungiro

Zvakakosha kuenda refu nzira zvikanganiso, dzisiri uye zivo nokuchinja uku kwakaitika. Kunzwisisa nihilism anenge yakarova European kuziva, zvinogona kukonzera kukurira rwendo urwu zvakaoma uye refu. Chete uzivi itsva, kwete kufanana "uzivi zvesayenzi" vekare, vanogona kubudirira titevere kudzidza nyika achibatsirwa kuteerera izvozvo. Heidegger anoona kukura uzivi sayenzi yambira chiratidzo, achiti kuti rinosvava kunzwisisa mafungiro uye richikura akaverenga. Izvi mhando mbiri mafungiro kumira basa rakanzi "yokuzviparadzanisa", rakabudiswa muna 1959. Ongororo yavo - hwaro dzidziso ruzivo mananara ari zvoupenyu hwavo paruzhinji. Maererano Heidegger, akaverenga kana akaverenga mafungiro rinoongorora uye urongwa, izvozvo anoti mukana, apo kwete ongorora taisireva nokuda Implementation kwavo. Izvi mhando mafungiro ari empirical. Haasi kukwanisa kufunga kutonga yose mupfungwa. Kunzwisisa mafungiro kwatanga kure mune mwero ake chaicho. Zvisinei, zviri pamberi kurovedza uye kudzidzisa chaiyo, anogona kudzivisa ichi akanyanyisa uye kusvika chokwadi yokuva pacharo. Maererano Heidegger, zvinokwanisika tichitenda phenomenology, iyo vamiriri "ruzivo dudziro" uye HERMENEUTICS.

Chii chiri chechokwadi, maererano Heidegger

Vakawanda nyaya hunobudiswa basa rake, Martin Heidegger. pfungwa dzake vachirondedzera, kunyanya sei kusimbisa chokwadi. anofunga ichi, vachifunga nezvawo, uyewo tichararama yokuva mubasa yaiti "On the Essence Yechokwadi", rinobva pakuti vanhuwo pfungwa dzevanhu anoita kuburikidza kufunga zvinoreva kuita izvozvo. Zvisinei, chokwadi? Martin Heidegger muchidimbu akapindura mubvunzo uyu nenzira iyi: "Ichokwadi." The anofunga akataura kuti yatinoti wechokwadi kwete chete aripo, asi, kupfuura zvose, nezvake kwedu mashoko. Saka sei imi kudzivisa dzenhema uye kusvika chokwadi? Kuti aite izvi, anoreva "mitemo nokusungwa". Kuva, maererano muzivi ichi, chinhu nokusingaperi uye isingaori, haibvi pane vanhu nezvokuparadzwa uye tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma, chokwadi inogona kuwanwa nomunhu, mukati kutsanangurwa kuwana zvose. Panyaya iyi, rusununguko pfungwa ne Heidegger se "zvekungofungira aripo ari." Zviri kuti vabudirire zvakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu chokwadi. Kana pasina rusununguko, hapana chokwadi. Mukuziva rusununguko ndiyo rusununguko kufamba uye tsvakiridzo. Famba - Zvisinei, zvitubu nenyonganyonga, ndiye munhu hunhu kukukunda uye kubudisa zvinoreva kuvapo, maererano Martin Heidegger. Philosophy (pfupi zvirimo) kuti anofunga iyi kudzokororwa munyaya ino.

pfungwa Heidegger kwakaita zvavo, vari vachiedza kukunda kuri vatana, outmoded uzivi kutadza uye kuwana mhinduro kuna mikuru matambudziko vararame. Ndizvo basa kuisa pamberi Martin Heidegger. Mashoko pamabasa ake kunakidzwa mukurumbira zvikuru. Mabasa Munyori uyu vanoonekwa inokosha mune zvouzivi. Existentialism Martina Haydeggera, saka, haana kurasa kushanda kwayo nhasi.