Gomo rakareba muEurope: tsananguro uye mapikicha

Zvinoshamisa, kwedu nomufaro XXI remakore dzichiri mberi gakava pamusoro chii soro yepamusoro mu Europe. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti Elbrus ichi, uye mumwe - Mont Blanc. Zvaizoratidza sokuti zvakadaro oma? Achibatsirwa zvemazuva ano, unogona kuisa nyore kukwirira pamusoro pegungwa neimwe vertex. Asi chete rakaparadza pasina matambudziko. Urefu uye Elbrus uye Mont Blanc dzakatangwa kare kusvika pedyo sendimita. Dambudziko yakurukurwa pasango kumuganhu. Uko, ari mashoko "gomo rakareba mu Europe iri - ..." vanofanira zvinosimbisa kwete metres, uye chii munharaunda sezvo yokubatanidzwa ari Zvinoumba kondinendi iri. Uye kana Mont Blanc zvakajeka: Alpine yepamusorosoro - chokwadi Europe, kuti Elbrus hakusi nyore. Ngatitarisei nyaya iyi.

mubvunzo tsika

"White Mountain", iro Mont Blanc, riri kumadokero parutivi Alps wegadziriro, pamuganhu France uye Italy. Gadzirai ichi aivawo dambudziko miganhu achidiwa. Asi mumwe urongwa. Pashure kurasikirwa rusununguko of Duchy pakati savoy, gomo uye mupata kumativi kakawanda akabva Italy kuFrance ndiEzekieri. Zvino, mushure redraw muEurope muna yepashure pehondo, kwakaonekwa kuti huru yepamusoro pakati Mont Blanc anomhanya munhu Cordon pakati maviri inoti. Nokudaro, avete yakatenuka Saint-Gervais guta ndohwaJehovha France, uye Courmayeur the dzisina, iri pedyo - Italy. Kukwirira Mont Blanc inosvika 4810 mamita. Next kuti nhamba chirefu siyana vamwe pamusoro, chete zvishoma muduku musoro. Izvi Blanc of Courmayeur (pamusoro 4.700 metres), uye kunyange Grand Bos, Rocher the Turmetov uye vanopfuura gumi nevaviri mana-thousander. A nekukwirira Elbrus - sezvinobvumirwa 5642 mamita. Unconditional shasha! The mubvunzo nhema kumwewo. Ndicho gomo rakareba muEurope kana Asia, senguva gomo?

nyaya miganhu

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, hunhu rudo chamazuva uye kumeso. Makondinendi kupinda mumwe. Kana kwete ari Bering Strait, kwete kuumbwa saka kare nzvimbo mitemo, uye America vaizonzwirwa fused pamwe Eurasia. Asi murume - chinoshamisa chisikwa: Ipa iye miganhu zvakajeka. Naizvozvo, weboka kondinendi kwedu Europe uye Asia - evasingatombonamati zvemasanga. Uye nenzira dzakawanda pano, kunze jogirafi, zvematongerwo enyika rinobatanidzwa. Kubvira panguva Herodotus uye mashanu remakore rechimakumi maviri, yakanga yakawanda kana shoma yakajeka. Panoparadzana mutsetse pakati Europe uye Asia, vakatora nzvimbo nemhenderekedzo kuGungwa Kara iri huru yepamusoro pakati Urals, uye ipapo inobva eponymous rwizi, ipapo pamwe kuchamhembe kweGungwa reCaspian uye, achitevera Main Caucasus Ridge, muGungwa Dema. Uyezve Cordon vagura Bosporuss uye Dardanelless. MuMediterranean, kuvhiringidzika wakasimukawo: mhenderekedzo Turkey ano - ndiye Asia, zvose kuchamhembe kwayo - Europe, uye rwezasi zhinji Africa anotaura. Ezvinhu Coordinates Elbrus - gomo rakareba muEurope, nokuti riri kuchamhembe huru akatevedzana kuCaucasus.

Usingagoni kuguta-Union Geographical Society

Pamuganhu pakati Europe uye Asia, yaiva zvose pachena kusvikira 1958. The kuvhiringidzika hwakatanga mhosva-Union Geographical Society. Pundits vakasimudza amboshandurirwa-refu yakasimbiswa dzemunharaunda. Vakasarudza zvakanga zvakaipa bisect dzinongoitika nharaunda. ECaucasus gomo hurongwa vari semunhu yakadaro, pasinei misiyano pachena mune okunze zvechadenga kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba dzakatenuka. Saizvozvowo, uye tikasvika mvura munzvimbo uye rwizi mumipata. Imwe nokuvatema chinyoreso vose Ural uye akaratidza zvizere Europe uye Caucasus - Asia. Saka, Elbrus, gomo rakareba muEurope, vane kureba kusvika 832 metres mberi Mont Blanc, akanga asiri gomo wokutanga pamusoro kondinendi itsva, yekudyidzana yokurasikirwa Everest.

siyana hurongwa

Munguva Soviet, vagere mumwe-wechitanhatu yenyika vaigara voga kubva zororo kwenyika. Uye akanga asiri "Keteni Resimbi." Kusarurama hakusi chete pfungwa chii upenyu hwakafanana pasi kuora capitalism, asiwo zvikuru kure mutemo kwazvakarerekera pfungwa. Saka, mune mabhuku ose nzvimbo Soviet Union zvakanyorwa kuti muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia anomhanya pamwe rokumabvazuva pamucheto Mountains, ipapo (musoro) Ural pamusoro rwizi Emba kusvikira inoyerera muGungwa reCaspian, ipapo pamwe kuchamhembe pamahombekombe mvura anokonzera kuti Kuma River. Cordon Next vakayambuka Kuma-Manych Depression kuna Don, uye ipapo muromo wake, uye Gungwa Azov. Somugumisiro weboka iri harisi chete Elbrus, gomo rakareba muEurope, zvava Asia, asiwo vose Taman Peninsula.

Chii pfungwa?

Asi ngatiedzei zvokufungidzira nzira pfungwa ... Kwete, geographers haana Soviet uye avo vane itaure kushumira. Panoperera pakati 50s, America kwete chete chaiva chikuru aikwikwidza Soviet Union, asiwo munyika dzokuMadokero European. The dzematongerwe enyika ari CPSU Central Committee (izvo rakafukidza zvose zvinobatanidzwa vanhu), Akasiyanisa mugovanisi hurongwa Bourgeois kuora. USSR aifanira kumira oga, uye zvakanga vaidavira kuti zvinhu zviduku zvichaita anobatana Europe, nani. Chokwadi kuti Mount Elbrus - gomo rakareba muEurope, uye panguva imwecheteyo, Russia anoremedzwa chaizvo utungamiriri Soviet. Naizvozvo, yakadzokororwa muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia. Ndiwo uyu, uye haana hanya kuvimbika yepanyama landscape, ndicho chikonzero chechokwadi chisarudzo ichi.

Kupesana pakati Directories

Pasinei nokuti All-Union Geographical Society, chisarudzo yakanga inotevera 1959, vachitsigirwa ne World Geophysical Congress, nyika vakawanda kuteerera utsanzi yeSoviet. Uye kusabvumirana kuramba nhasi. Somuenzaniso, achitaura zvikuru chiremera Directory "Wikipedia". The Chirungu shanduro inoti muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia anoenda "... kuti Watershed Makomo Ural, pamusoro eponymous rwizi, kweGungwa reCaspian uye Caucasus kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva ..." Izvi zvinoreva kuti munyika dzakawanda vanofunga kuti gomo rakareba mu Europe - Mount Elbrus. Asi Russian shanduro rinopa mashoko akasiyana chaizvo.

A nhaka duku kare

Pasinei nokuti Soviet Union refu aenda, vamwe zvokudya zvayo vachiri kugara vanhu pfungwa. Saka, chii vachati kuziva kutsvaka Russian-mutauro "Wikipedia" chokwadi nenzvimbo? Ndeipi inonyanya gomo iri Europe? Zvakaratidza kuti muganhu pakati Europe uye Asia, shanduro iyi World Directory rinorondedzera mweya kubvuma chete chisarudzo 1958 uye vakawanda vaibvuma Dzidziso "norutsoka wokumabvazuva pakati Urals, Mugodzhary, Emba, kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo kweGungwa reCaspian, pamusoro Araks, Black uye Marmara makungwa ..." Tinofanira kuona ano kurapwa? Yose yezvinhu zviri Urals, sezvo akanga aronga muna 1958, runoonekwa kuti Europe. Asi zviri vaiona, uye yose Caucasus! New muganhu anomhanya ichitevedza Araks River, iyo inoyerera mujinga rwezasi gomo hurongwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti yeRussia-mutauro shanduro "Wikipedia" Elbrus - zvepamusoro yepamusoro mu Europe. Photos vaviri-humped they nesinou yepamusorosoro uye decorates ari runoenzanirana nyaya.

denga Russia

Ndiyo nguva yokutaura pamusoro Elbrus. Chii iye, gomo rakareba muEurope, uye pamwe chete Russia? Zvakaratidza kuti rinoputika. Zvisinei, nokutsakatika. Wokupedzisira kuputika, maererano Vanodzidza avo vakadzidza kuomeswa dhaka, aiva 50 AD. Kuvakwa bicornuate pamusoro, sezvinoita vamwe Caucasus, uye makore mamiriyoni makumi maviri apfuura. The gomo iri pamuganhu pakati chinoda Russian pamusoro Karachai-Cherkessia uye Kabardino-Balkaria. Kusiyana Mont Blanc, mudenga bristling pamwe vakawanda nenhongonya pagomo Elbrus mu chete vaviri. Iwo chokwadi, pamuuyo dzemabota cone. Therebetween anenge matatu makiromita. Highest - wokumavirira pamusoro. East - zvishoma kudzika (5621 M pamusoro pegungwa). Asi Chigaro pakati nenhongonya mbiri hakurevi kusiyira pazasi pachiyero 5300 mamita. Iye anosarudza kukwirira Elbrus Academician K. Wisniewski muna 1813. Wokutanga yakava Chokwadi, rokumabvazuva pamusoro. Izvi zvakaitika muna July 1829. Zvakatora anenge mashanu makore, kuti murume yakatarwa rutsoka pamusoro wokumavirira yepamusoro Elbrus. The soro yepamusoro Europe yakakundwa muna 1874 neboka British makomo. Akatungamirira pakundopambara F. Grove. Asi pakati mapiyona uye akanga Balkar And Sottayev.