Garry Kasparov, kuti wechesi mutambi: Biography, mapikicha, nyika

Upenyu yakakurumbira wechesi shasha Garry Kasparov kwakafanana siyana sezvo ake chinopenya Analytical pfungwa. Kunetseka kukunda munyika wechesi, pakarepo kuenda kune yepamusoro mukurumbira, mabhuku uye zvematongerwo enyika - kunongova diki chikamu nebudiriro grandmaster kukuru. Zvechokwadi, vamiririri zvikuru vanhu vari chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye chipo zvose.

udiki

April 13, 1963 Baku vakazivisa mwana achichema inotevera wechesi shasha. Vabereki, Vaynshteyn Kim Moiseevich uye Kasparyan Klara Shagenovna, vakanga zvikuru kufara. Vose vaiva varume engineering unyanzvi, asi aifarira apo kure manheru nokutamba wechesi.

Little Garik Kasparov (wechesi mutambi mune ramangwana) kubva vaduku vakaratidza sawanikwa uchenjeri uye vakanzwisisa zvose pamusoro nhunzi. Zvisingazivikanwi zvose kuziva kukambaira kuona wechesi hondo moms uye vanababa, kuchipedza takafanana nechipanji, zvose zvamarudzi ose mazano negadziriso. Rimwe zuva, zvikuru tisingatarisiri, nemakore 5 years, pfungwa imwe nzira kunze wechesi dambudziko, iro vabereki akaputsa. Panguva iyi, Kim Moiseevich akaona mwanakomana wake ane ramangwana shasha.

Muna 1970, pashure pokufa kwababa vake, duku wechesi dzinoshandisa anotanga kushanyira chikamu dzemo youshe Pioneers. Mugore kurovedza rokutanga vakagamuchira rwechitatu, uye kunozarura nzira dzakawanda makwikwi.

Kubvira anotanga kugara hwokufambira. Kasparov (Chess mutambi), nyika anozvarwa muJudha, panguva iyoyo vapiwe sonorous zita Weinstein. mai vake vaiziva kuti zvaizenge zvakaoma vabudirire mune wechesi mabasa. Uye muna 1974 pane kuchinja muzita Kasparov. Zvino Garik muduku Armenian. Zvino mafungiro ichi zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, asi panguva iyoyo akanga ari chete chisarudzo chakarurama. kutambudzwa Anti-oukuru angangotadza kuva muJudha kuhwinha uye kuwana mukurumbira munyika wechesi mutambo.

kukunda The wokutanga muduku Chess mutambi

Tanga basa kuti mudiki wechesi mutambi aiva tsvarakadenga nyore. Kubudirira akaperekedza matarenda mwana. Muna 1973 iri Vilnius muna All-Union Youth Games Kasparov Chess mutambi anowana chipangamazano mumunhu tenzi mitambo Aleksandra Nikitina. Vakakundwa muduku tarenda, Nikitin akamupa dzinoenda kuti kubvuma kuti chikoro zvakadzama kudzidza wechesi uri pakutanga Mikhail Botvinnik. Pasina kufunga kaviri, zvegore, Garik naamai vake akatumira Dubna, apo pasina matambudziko chero kusvika kudzidzisa. Pashure pechinguvana anoti Botvinnik mukomana uye rikamubvisa pasi bapiro ake, achipa zvose zvinobvira rutsigiro.

Papera gore Kasparov - wechesi mutambi ane tsamba guru - yokutanga nguva rinova bato kuna ouduku ushasha of USSR. nguva ino, ndiye chete nzvimbo 7th kupfuura enthralls vakarinda, nokuti zera nezvimwe Vatori dzinenge 6 makore zvishoma pamberi wechesi. Gore rakatevera, akabaya mwana anodzokera mutambo uye anokunda kuondomoka kukunda. Panguva iyi, mukomana tarenda kuona yepamusoro madenderedzwa nyama yemhuka wechesi, uye kubva ipapo haana kuderedza anopenya, ndichiona nebudiriro muduku Garik.

Nechekare makore 15, akapiwa tenzi yemitambo pamusoro mutambo wenyika wechesi, mwana kwakajeka paChikoro kusarudzwa munyika guru Leagues. Zvakare rowana. Muna 1980 iri Baku unotevera mutambo wechesi mutambi Garry Kasparov anowana GM rokuremekedza, kunokunda Igorya Zaytseva - a murairidzi nemuvengi wake ramangwana Anatoly Karpov.

Real maviri "K" nokuti musoro "World Champion"

Muna 1984, Kasparov (wechesi mutambi) dhumhana pamwe ano nyika wechesi shasha Anatoliem Karpovym. Rwisa uye vanoda kuva zvakanaka zvose absorbs uye kunonoka kwemakore 10. nguva yose iyi, pamwe nyika yakanga vakarinda hondo mbiri mukuru vatambi.

Wekutanga anomboitika anotanga mumatsutso 1984. With chii nezvemamwe mutambo ndiyo yose. The duel ane nguva muganhu uye yokupedzisira inofanira kuva 6 Unobata mumwe vechikamu. Akaoma Party, incredible Makakatanwa haapi kuzorora munhu. Kutsvaka rwanonoka mazuva 159 uye zvimwe kwenguva yakareba, asi purezidhendi International Chess Federation anosarudza kukanganisa munhu wechesi kurwa. Mugumisiro rinova SWEDERA uye musoro, maererano nemirau, ndiye Karpov. Kuti epochal duel pakati maviri vatambi makuru re wechesi nhoroondo sezvo wokutanga chete konekwa wechesi kurwa.

Kasparov uye Karpov kusangana zvakare kuti kurwa mutsindo, pashure pemwedzi mitanhatu. nguva ino kurwa ndeyevanyori 24 mapati. November 9 kana mamakisi yakanga 13:11 Garry Kasparov - wechesi tenzi, ane Biography Zvinofadza kuti mafeni ayo - vakakunda rimwe vakakodzera kukunda uye akava gotwe nyika shasha. Panguva iyi, iye makore 22 chete okuberekwa.

Mumakore akatevera 10 makore, maviri Pazvinhu wechesi mutambi rakatarira mumwe kurwa matatu. Asi mumwe nomumwe wavo inoguma mukukunda Kasparov.

shasha upenyu

On okutambirwa zita wenyika shasha iri mutambo wenyika wechesi, Kasparov rave akasimbisa rakasiyana flair kwayo. Vakakunda Tournaments, vachidikanwa penya vatambi.

Panguva iyoyowo, Kasparov akanga vachida pakuvhurwa Professional Chess Organisation (PCA), izvo anotakura imwe mari machisi uye Tournaments.

Muna 1993, kuti shasha pakati wechesi chinobuda Fide (International Chess Organization) uye akatosvika kunyimwa kwemazita zvose, mazita okuremekedza uye nzvimbo munyika kuera. Asi imwe nguva gare gare, kururamisira rikunde, uye musoro wayo akakodzera muridzi.

Panguva ino, Garri Kimovich vobatanidzwa nevamwe. Anomuzarurira chikoro vechidiki matarenda, nenzira dzose inotsigira kukura wechesi munyika dzakasiyana. Photo-Kasparov Chess kudzidza pose.

Real munhu-kombiyuta

Muna 1996, ivo creators muzvigadzirwa kombiyuta kushora shasha, uye haana kuzeza kubvuma. Kwakavakirwa kuziva uye mubereko, kupenya mutambi anouya kunzwisisa muchina. Chokutanga gumbo anosiya kukunda mumwe murume, kunyange Kasparov anorasikirwa mumwe mutambo. Uye muna May 1997, panguva yechipiri dies akakundwa Kasparov uye Kumukundi yacho mutambo anova kombiyuta.

Afirwa zvakawanda 2 nguva GM anopinda imwe wechesi muhondo chete muchina. Vose nguva, mugumisiro inova kuzochera.

Kwemakore, kufarira Kasparov kuti Michina kombiyuta usingadzimwi, uye nokuda kwebhuku anoverengeka dzinonakidza Chess zvirongwa.

political basa

Pasinei kukuru basa iri yemitambo basa kukura, kugara kudzidzisa, nzvimbo, Kasparov anopenga mitemo rinobatanidza.

Pashure unorema chiito Baku muna 1990, shasha nemhuri yake Moscow uye zvinobatanidzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika munyika. Chess mutambi vachida okutanga hweruzhinji uye mubasa kukwidziridzwa pamusoro Democratic Party.

Panguva iyoyo, enyika basa iri yakakurumbira wechesi mutambi ari chipatapata. Nhengo kuvhoterwa, imwe mumiririri pakasikwa webato - kwakajeka wechesi mutambi kare haagoni kufungidzira upenyu pasina mutemo, chinhu chikuru muupenyu izvo kuchiri hweruzhinji.

Maintenance yemitambo basa

Autumn 2000 rinova kusvika pamwero chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu Grandmaster.
Panozokwana mutambo kuziva mutungamiri ane mutambo wekare, Vladimir Kramnik zvikuru kubudirira uye vakakunda guru Chess mutambi. Kasparov haizorambi shasha nyika, asi chete pamutemo.

Afirwa Garri Kimovich, ari multi-faceted unhu, kwete chaizvoizvo kusuruvara uye mamwe 5 makore anoramba kuita siyana wechesi Tournaments uye Championships. Sezvingatarisirwa, kuwana kukunda zhinji.

Uye musi waMarch 10 2005 gore pakarepo akazivisa urongwa kupedzisa basa rake somunhu Chess mutambi. Kubvira, chikuru muupenyu basa rake anova mutemo umo Kasparov plunges nekumhanyirira.

mabhuku mabasa

Pakutanga kufamba ari wechesi Olympus Kasparov akanyora nyaya kazhinji, izvo dzakabudiswa mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana.
Mukuwedzera iye akanyorwa mabhuku akawanda ari utariri wechesi mitambo uye magumo avo.

Muna 1987 akabudisa, bhuku-the autobiography, "Mwana Change". Bhuku iri rakabudiswa muna Chirungu, uye haana kunyorwa noruoko rwake, uye dictating munhu wenhau womunharaunda. Naizvozvo Kasparov akasunungura mabhuku akawanda, achipedzera dzavo dzinodiwa yekare mutambo.

upenyu Personal

Cardiac upenyu yakakurumbira wechesi vatambi sezvo paiva kutungamirirwa kwayakaita ari kunze nyika.

Muna 1986, imwe kuziva Mariey Arapovoy. Young uye norudo kupinda chakarongwa mubatanidzwa makore maviri gare gare, uye pashure mumwe vatatu mumhuri iri kukasawedzerwa. Uye kuberekwa mwanasikana zvinoshamisa - Pauline. Asi zvinetso zvoupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mukadzi anodiwa yokurwisana pasina mai zvishoma anodiwa kutungamirira pokuwa mhuri, uye muna 1993 vaviri kuti kunze kurambana. Kwapera nguva, aimbova mudzimai uye mwanasikana Polina kusiya nyika uye pari kugara muUnited States.

Makore matatu gare gare, wechesi mutambi Garry Kasparov, ane Biography inorondedzerwa munyaya, anotanga kuona manzwiro mudzidzi muduku, uye chinoguma yakarongwa muchato. Kasparov akaberekwa mwanakomana. Asi muchato haana mufaro uye miromo nokurambana muna 2005. Kasparov ipapo anoroora peterburzhenke Angashinga Tarasovoy. Akaroora akaberekerwa vana vaviri - mwanakomana Nicholas uye mwanasikana Aida.

Panguva iyoyo, zita wechesi mutambi Kasparov anozivikanwa pasi rose. Garri Kimovich inyanzvi consummate pamusoro wechesi unyanzvi, vakaburukira munhau. Oshimi dzakawanda Chess Oscars uye kuhwina. Munhu pamwe dzichiratidza kusimba kuri mumashoko ake akasimba hunhu, anodzivirira maonero ake munyika. Man, iyo yapera rwendo rwoupenyu uchataura uye kunyora ngano.