Game theorist Dzhon Nesh

Dzhon Nesh rava kuzivikanwa munyika kuvonga nyika kuti firimu "A Beautiful Mind." Zviri zvinoshamisa chiono, mhosva nokutenda musimba shasha kwevanhu, firimu anosimbisa upenyu-. Izvi biopic, firimu kuvhunduka film-kuziva. It anotanga Fafitera munyika remangwana, apo pfungwa anoita zvishamiso. Anobaya mwoyo interweaving hwoupengo uye shasha vakabatana kwayo uye kurwisana. Collection "Oscars" - hweizvi. Vakasikwa yemasvomhu ichi, mutambo dzidziso akaita husisina kumira nheyo chepamusoro bhizimisi. 27 mapeji doctorate chinyorwa Nash aiva simba akadaro magariro uye upfumi, sezvinoita peji 21 doctorate chinyorwa pamusoro Einstein kuti yokungotaura wefizikisi.

Dzidziso Adam Smith, izvo dzinozivikanwa anotevera kukura kusununguka Bourgeois nzanga, zvichienzaniswa nzira rinoongorora Dzhon Nesh, anotarira rakachenuruka, kwete kupa tsananguro yakajeka dzakawanda panguva mananara. The pamusoro dzidziso dziri ukama saizvozvo sezvo mbiri-dimensional geometry inongobata subset vatatu-dimensional.

kudzidziswa

John akaberekwa musi 13.06.1928, muna Bluefield (West Virginia). The chikoro aisava "Nerd" Iye, akadzidza svikiro. Maererano hunhu - chinorura, udyire.

Fungidzira munhu yemasvomhu ramangwana (differential geometry uye dzidziso mitambo) haana kufanana chikoro nyaya. Panguva iyi, nezvose zviri mairi Aisavimba svikiro. Sokunge pfungwa dzake akarara akandomirira kusunda. Uye achiri akauya.

Ndava nemakore 14, mumwe ari kuyaruka akawira mumaoko bhuku "Creators wemasvomhu" pakati compatriot ake Erika Bella, yemasvomhu uye munyori kuti renyaya. Bhuku iri chaizvo zvechokwadi anorondedzera upenyu mathematicians zvikuru chido chavo uye mupiro mberi.

Chii chakaitika apo kuaverenga mabhuku? Ndiani anoziva ... asi zvakanga zvakafanana kudzidziswa, pashure iyo kusvikira mudzidzi "kuchena" ichi avhareji chaizvo Dzhon Nesh inozviita zvisingabviri pakarepo vamwe kunoratidza theorem no muduku Fermat vake. zvapedzisira ezvinhu munhuwo zvake ane zvishoma zvokutaura. Asi nditende, kwaiva chishamiso. With chii inogona kuenzaniswa? Zvichida zvakadaro, sezvinonzi amachinda mudzidzi mutambi pakashandurwa zvazvingava, uye zviri zvikuru kuridza Hamlet muguta guru.

Polytechnic Institute

baba vake (mwanakomana kudzokororwa zita rake) aiva murume akadzidza, akashanda somunhu zvemagetsi injiniya commercial kambani. Mubereki pashure uchapupu Fermat kwakaita Last Theorem raiva pachena kuti Dzhon Nesh, Jr. achava musayendisiti.

Vamwe kupenya tsvakurudzo wakashamira mukova mukomana ari kumbonyanya repamusoro Polytechnic Institute, Carnegie, apo mukomana wokutanga vakasarudza kemisitiri, ipapo yose upfumi uye pakupedzisira akasimbisa pachayo iri chokuva yemasvomhu. Iye akawana zvitupa, tsvimborume wacho uye madhigirii tenzi vake, kunoenderana dzakagadzirirwa "yokungotaura ndikarangarira Mathematics".

Kudzidza kunzwisisa ake akatanga vadzidzisi, anoti kurumbidzwaka uku nekanzuru mudzidzisi Richard Duffin kuti kubvuma kuti Princeton University. Heino chinyorwa zvakakwana uye verbatim: "! Muchinda uyu - a shasha"

Princeton University

Asi ngaavongwe kwete kutevedzera, uye sowakajeka vakapfuura bvunzo paakapinda University of Dzhon Nesh. Biography nezvazvo apo kusika vafunge kuti zvichaguma zvechokwadi akatungamirira. Sei kunoratidzwa?

Iye chii haana kuziva akanga ava nemakore mapfumbamwe chete pamberi kwezana, kana upenzi kwemakore makumi matatu uchaisa dzaro Chifukidziro pakati paranoid schizophrenia kubva kunze kwenyika, izvozvo michinjikwa kunze vanhu, zvinoparadza mhuri, kubvisa mabasa uye misha.

Young vanhu chete havazivi sei uye havana kuziva papi yakanaka wakapatsanura shasha noupengo. Iye nechido akakwazisa mharidzo itsva sayenzi mutambo yokuti, kuti brainchild nezvoupfumi Morgenstern uye John of Neumann, uye pakarepo vakasimudza nekumhanyirira nekungobvunza zviri mupfungwa dzevanhu. Makore makumi maviri shasha akakwanisa vakazvimirira kuva anokosha zvishandiso mutambo dzidziso, uye makore 21 apedza basa pamusoro porutivi doctorate chinyorwa.

Apo chiremba wechiduku akanga zvinenge nesayenzi kuziva kuti pashure pamakore 45 dzidziso Dzhona Nesha Nobel Prize zvichakurukurwa yaizoongororwa? The Company vachada kweinenge hafu yezana remakore kuziva kuti chaiva budiriro!

basa

mangwanani zvikuru mumakore 1950-1953., At musayendisiti-gore 22-25 okuberekwa anotanga nguva hwokusika pakunamata. Akanyora mabasa akawanda unokosha pamusoro vanonzi dzidziso mitambo ine nonzero chitsama. Chii? Cherechedza uchaona gare gare munyaya ino.

Dzhon Nesh - yemasvomhu inozivikanwa uye akabudirira. nzvimbo yake basa riri nomukurumbira chaizvo Massachusetts Institute of Technology, iri Cambridge. Ipapo Anonyemwerera rombo: nokudyidzana pamwe Rand Corporation propentagonovskoy. Achidya chii risingaperi mari kweHondo Yemashoko, achiva mumwe nyanzvi vaitungamirira American wayo utongi.

Chii mutambo dzidziso

Mupiro yemhuka dzidziso munezvimwe murau nzanga rakaoma kuona. Chii nzanga tichitarisa macroeconomics? The kukurukurirana vatambi vakawanda. Somuenzaniso, mashoko uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mabhizimisi, hurumende, nemhuri. Kunyange panguva iyi makro vanochiva zviri pachena kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo anodzingana ayo nzira.

Business vanokwanisa vachida angawedzeredza mari dzavo (utesnyaya mhuri) uye kuti kuderedza mitero (underpaying State).

State zvinobetsera kuti kudza mutero (kudzivisa diki uye svikiro mabhizimisi) uye ezasi kwevari mumagariro kudzivirira (nokutorera rutsigiro kudzivirirwa nzanga).

Households rokunyaradza inflated vatsigirane kubva ehurumende uye shoma mitengo nhumbi uye mabasa zvinoberekwa bhizimisi.

Sei kuwana izvi Swan, Cancer uye Pike pamwe uye dynamically achizvuzvurudza ngoro, zita iro - wekambani? It marondedzerero mutambo dzidziso.

The brainchild pamusoro Dzhona Nesha - dambudziko nevasiri razero pakuverengwa

Kirasi pamusoro matambudziko apo inoponesa mumwe webato iri kurasikirwa nezvimwe, yainzi dambudziko rimwe razero-chitsama. It aiziva sei kuverenga uye Morgenstern uye of Neumann. Zvisinei, yeuka kuti kana boka iri matambudziko akasika maturusi uye Conceptual midziyo yose Dzhon Nesh.

Asi Pazvinhu yemasvomhu pamusoro muenzaniso uyu akamira, zvakaratidza zvakawanda akatunhidzwa mabasa ane boka (razero-pakuverengwa). Somuenzaniso, kurwisana zvakanaka uye zvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa, kuti zvinoda kurera mari.

Kwira zvinhu pedyo refu amurove, mativi achaita varasikirwa. Kana kushandisa sezvo basa mibatanidzwa uye kutarisira akakodzera nzira, uye avo uye vamwe vacharamba vari takunda. Izvi anonzi vasiri pamwe zvakanyatsoenzana kana Nash zvakanyatsoenzana. (Kworudzi urwu matambudziko nedzenyu nyaya, kutengeserana hondo.)

vanhu makwikwi Today kunoratidza ane magumo zvechokwadi siyana aiita kuti vatambi vakasiyana. Uye zvinenge zvose amenable kuti akarongeka kuongorora sezvo dambudziko rine non-razero pakuverengwa.

upenyu Personal

Kusvikira kunopera 50 ramangwana akahwina mubayiro weNobel Dzhon Nesh akakwira zvedzidzo manera, uye, saka kutaura, vachisvetuka matanho matatu. Pfungwa huru vakanga vasiri vanhu kwaari. Coldly uye achiita zvokutsvinya yaakabata aimuda bhururu pa with Eleanor Stier. Kwete akamubata uye kuti iye akamuberekera mwana. Akangoti haana kubvuma ubaba ake. Sezvineiwo, hapana chikwata pakati navo Nash akanga asina shamwari. Akanga eccentric uye dzisingazikamwi, vaigara munyika afunga chete Masvomhu vari. All ake achengetedzwe chakatsaurirwa mumwe chinhu - kusimukira akakodzera nzira.

Zviri pachena kuti akabudirira vaitungamirira technologist Yemashoko War, matatu Dzhon Nesh. Chivaona mumakore aya zvikuru zvakafanana mufananidzo mutambi uyo aitamba naye Rassela Krou. Brunette ane akangwara chiso uye kufunga Kutarira. Fortune Magazine anotaurazve kubwinya kwake uye mukurumbira. Muna February 1957, akaroora Alicia mafuta, vane makore maviri akaratidza mwanakomana Martin. Zvisinei, izvi zvinoita kuti kuva yakakwirira yasimuka basa uye pachake KWAHWO John akatanga kuratidza zviratidzo paranoid schizophrenia.

chirwere

Next kuna Dzhona Nesha vakatanga rwaityisa: yakaoma kubaya jekiseni muna Trenton State Hospital, kudzingwa, kurambana pashure pemakore matatu kurwara ne nerokuchema Alicia mafuta, achidzungaira ari kupenga mudzimba.

Mumakore 60 wacho akanzwa zviri nani, uye Eleanor Stier akapa pokugara denga pamusoro musoro wavo musayendisiti, akapedza nguva ari kutaura nemwanakomana wake wokutanga. Nash akafunga akanga apora, uye akarega kutora mushonga antipsychotic. The chirwere akadzoka.

Zvadaro, muna '70s, akapa pokugara Alicia mafuta. Nevamwe akamupa basa.

The inoenda apore

Panguva iyi Iyewo, akaziva kuti kurarama nenzira illusory, akaremara schizophrenia uye paranoid nyika, uye akatanga kurwa nayo chirwere. Asi akanga asiri chiremba uye musayendisiti. Saka, maoko ake haana vakava zvokurapa unyanzvi, uye vakava oga Game dzidziso. Nesayenzi anoramba akarwa paranoia Dzhon Nesh. Movie pamwe Russell Crowe mu basa shasha kunoratidzwa. Iye akarwa chirwere kumativi wachi, pasina kubvumirana, ive anokumhan'arira pamusoro mutambo mberi kutanga kuderedza ayo mikana vakaomerwa kuwanda shamhu, vachiramba abatsire. Somugumisiro ichi chinokosha muupenyu hwake webato akakunda shasha nokupenga; akaita kubudirira kuramba mhedziso minimization ane chirwere chisingarapiki.

Pakupedzisira, akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu mutongo akapiwa pasi 1990 kuvarapi: Dzhon Nesh akapora. Tinofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna nyika esayenzi United States, kuti shasha inokanganikwa pashure zvose izvi makore anopfuura makumi mashanu, vakashandisa zvokushandisa yakataurwa Nash. Muna 1994, iye akahwina Mubayiro (wake Rokutenderwa chinyorwa, rakanyorwa nemakore 21!). Muna 2001, Nash kamwe zvakare tambo fundo pamwe Alicia mafuta. Nhasi, yakakurumbira musayendisiti mberi basa rake kwesayenzi muna Princeton muhofisi yake. Anofarira nonlinear urongwa kushandisa makombiyuta.

mhedziso

Izvi American shasha - munhu zvinoshamisa chose munhu, zvose hwake - uchapupu dzidziso mitambo. Ake upenyu vakaungana uye mukukunda, rudo uye kupenga, uye mukukunda nenjere pamusoro paranoia. Nokuti kuongorora yakapoteredza chokwadi Dzhon Nesh agara nazvo yakatanga pacharo sezvo midziyo yesayenzi.

The shasha musayendisiti zvakajeka zvinogona dzinoratidzwa okuti Umberto Eco (yokufungidzira "Foucault kuti zvakavamba kuchinja"), kuti shasha anogara vachiridza imwechete zvinoriumba. Zvisinei, mutambo wake - kunoshamisa uye akasiyana. Nekuti kana dzaanoridza pairi, ipapo kushandisa zvose vamwe zvinoriumba.