Frost nemishonga uye mvura kuramba nekongiri. Grade nekongiri chando nemishonga uye mvura nemishonga. Concrete admixtures nokuti risingapindi mvura

Pasinei kusiyana ano zvokuvakisa, kongiri kuramba tiine aitungamirira chinzvimbo pakati kukwikwidzana zvokusarudza, nekuti ine maitiro anokosha akadai mukurumari, akavimbika uye mukurumari. It chinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira negadziriso pakusikwa nheyo, masonry, varinamire nezvimwe chivakwa kushandiswa.

Water nemishonga nekongiri, uyewo kukwanisa kwayo kukurira utsinye mamiriro okunze, ndivo pazvina kuti nechokwadi refu upenyu basa rakapera zvigadzirwa. Izvi zvinodiwa ndiwo anokosha pakusarudza kupiswa meimba zvinhu.

Concrete, chando kuzvidzivirira uye mvura nemishonga vari yakakwirira yakati sandara, ndiyo runovimbisa yepamusoro uye kwazvo operative chokupika chero zvakagadzirwa. Under ehupfumi izvi chinorehwa kukwanisa nekongiri zvigadzirwa kukurira nemigumisiro ine zvakasikwa zvakadai mwando, mvura uye tembiricha kunaka.

Pari zvino pane mamakisi siyana nekongiri chando nemishonga uye mvura nemishonga, vaine unhu, mutengo uye kwesayenzi nezvaanogona. kupatsanura Izvi zvinobatsira kusarudza optimally yakakodzera mashoko zvivako, aida kushandiswa mune ezvinhu akasiyana.

Stamps kongiri mvura

Zvichienderana dhigirii mvura nemishonga, chesamende rakakamurwa pezvitsiga zvikuru gumi (GOST 26633). Vari runotaurwa nemabhii Latin W ane chaiwo kusanganiswa ukoshi achiratidza kunonyanyisa mvura kufurirwa, izvo zvinogona kukunda muedzo marapiro nekongiri cylindrical kuumba masendimita 15 kureba munguva dzinokosha nemiedzo.

Kutsunga mvura nemishonga nekongiri unotakurwa pamusoro zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga zviratidzo zviri kudyidzana kwayo nemvura. Direct zviratidzi ndiwo mugiredhi kongiri yayo filtration zvazvingava, uye zvisina kunanga - chiyero Absorção de Água uye mvura-simende reshiyo uremu.

In voga uye vezvokutengeserana kuvakwa tsika kudzidza mvura nemishonga nekongiri, teerera ayo muchiso, uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvinokosha kunyanya kugadzirwa zvokuvakisa.

The maitiro zvinhu nekongiri mavanga isapinda chaitwa

Kana uchisarudza kupiswa nekongiri kunodiwa kuita mamwe mabasa okuvaka anotungamirirwa indekisi nhamba vanotevera tsamba W, zvinoratidza mwero nekuita mashoko nounyoro uye nemvura. Somuenzaniso, yakadereresa nemishonga nekongiri uye, naizvozvo, kuti kbps, W2 kugiredhi. The mhinduro iri hwaro ichi haisi varumbidzwa kushandiswa kunyange munharaunda pamwe pasi mwando mumatunhu.

Normal mwero permeability mu kongiri W4 muchiso. Izvi zvinoreva kuti murwiyo ane kwaniso yekubata hwandaiva yakawanda mvura, saka kushandiswa kwayo zvinogoneka chete inopiwa kuti zvakanaka mvura.
On anotevera zvinzvimbo unhu pakafunuka vanofanira kutara W6, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva yakaderera permeability. Izvi zvinoreva kongiri Formulations ose svikiro yepamusoro uye pasi mutengo chikamu, uye izvi imhaka zvinobatsira kushandiswa kwayo rokuvaka.

Concrete W8 Mucherechedzo ane pasi permeability nokuti absorbs unyoro mune mari chete anenge 4.2% vayo uremu. Zviri nani uye anodhura chisarudzo, achienzaniswa W6 chiratidzo.

Kunoteverwa zvizivikanwe nekongiri pamwe maindex 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 uye 20 epamusoro ari nhamba kukosha, rezasi mvura permeability mashoko acho. Maererano kupatsanura ichi, zvikuru isapinda kongiri muchiso ndiko W20, asi hazvina rinowanzoshandiswa nokuda pfupi mubhadharo.

kushandisa hunobatsira zvimwe mavanga kongiri nemvura nemishonga

Concrete siyana anofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana anodawo ezvinhu zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, nokuti kudira nheyo yakanyatsokodzera W8 chiratidzo urongwa akapa mamwe mvura. Plastering masvingo kubudisa kongiri mamakisi W8-w14. Zvisinei, zvose zvikuru nyorova uye kutonhora dzimba mvura nemishonga nekongiri achava kufadza, saka Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa chemhando yepamusoro mhinduro uye inoda mamwe kurapwa madziro rinokosha basecoat.

Nokuti unhu uye hunogara dzokunze masvingo, akaadira nemba yake oga nzvimbo uye makwara vanofanira kushandisa kongiri pamwe kunonyanyisa tsika mvura nemishonga, sezvo nzvimbo idzi vanogara pachena kune nemigumisiro yacho kwokunze mamiriro ekunze.

Yokuvirisa mu kongiri kuti dzisapinda maoko avo

Kudikanwa kushandisa yepamusoro kongiri wemisanganiswa kubudisa zvinhu siyana kana zvinhu dzaro pachena, asi zvinoda inokosha mari mubhizimisi nokuda kwemitengo nezvinhu zvakadaro. Asi zvokuita kana bhajeti pakuvaka ishoma uye zvisingagamuchirwi kutyora kwacho? Mhinduro iri nyore: unogona kushandisa nekuyanana, kureva kuti kuwedzera mvura nemishonga nekongiri oga.

Nhasi, pane shoma inobudirira nzira kuwedzera nemishonga nekongiri kunovhengana kuti mvura, asi mukurumbira mukuru yawana vaviri: kusava shrinkage nekongiri uye ine pfupi zvainoita chesamende sezvamunoita.

The liquidation Chiito shrinkage nekongiri

Concretes yakaderera uye pakati mamakisi zviri zvakakwana porous zvinhu nyore yekubata unyoro. Izvi pfuma kunaka iri yakakura mune nedanho shrinkage panguva solidification chemhinduro. Saka, kuvandudza unhu uye mvura nemishonga nekongiri zvinogona kuitwa Akaroromesawo mwero shrinkage.

Kuti vabudirire aida mugumisiro kuchabatsira Integrated kusvika:

1. Unofanira kushandisa rinokosha kongiri admixtures mvura nemishonga. Nheyo kushanda ndechokuti panguva solidification chemhinduro zvinoumba unodzivirira firimu, kudzivisa shrinkage kwayo. Nhasi mumusika anopa zvakasiyana siyana yokuvirisa mu kongiri kuti isapinda, uye kunyange basa pamberi pavo pane mumwe, asi ose chete nzira ine unhu ayo, saka usati watenga vanofanira kunyatsoongorora verenga mirayiridzo mugadziri wacho.
2. Kuwedzera vachiwedzerwa kuti kongiri kuti isapinda inokosha yokuvirisa, zviri Dzakamukurudzirawo kudira mvura. nzira iyi rinoitwa kwemazuva mana okutanga, pamwe penguva 4 maawa. Next, chesamende mamiriro anofanira kuomeswa dzinongoitika ezvinhu.
3. With kukurumidza kwemvura ine mwando kubva mhinduro panguva solidification uyewo kunoitika undesired shrinkage. Kuderedza iyi, mushure kudira chesamende mamiriro inofanira pakarepo yakafukidzwa chaiyo firimu, iro chakaumbwa condensation kudzivisa shrinkage uye kunoita kuwedzera mukurumari nekongiri. Kuvanza nzira haina kubata mukaguta. Pamwe kumicheto siya Makwanza duku mhepo kufefetedza.

Temporary ekushandiswa pamusoro kongiri mamiriro

Nzira iyi ndiyo kupa yakaoma kugadzirisa kuti 'vakura "kwenguva imwe nguva. The chikuru chinodiwa pano ndiyo pawakaperera zvakakodzera okuchengetera ezvinhu. Musanganiswa inofanira kuva noushamwari rima kamuri uye pasi kugara unyoro. Saka, mwedzi pashure vatanhatu ayo mvura nemishonga achawanda kakawanda.

chando nemishonga nekongiri

Pasi paakati ichi chinoreva mano nekongiri wemisanganiswa vaine dzavo zvivako mumuviri uye zvemaziso ezvinhu zvichipi- nechando uye thawing. Nyaya iyi anobatsira chikuru basa kusarudzwa concretes nokuda kuvaka zambuko piers, Banga uye mugwagwa pavements, waterworks, zvivako uye zvimwe zvivako wakashanda pakati uye kuchamhembe latitudes.

Kutsunga chando nemishonga nekongiri riri kuitwa sokuongorora kwomurabhoritari vachishandisa nzira mbiri: nechigadziko uye nokukurumidza. Kana migumisiro zvidzidzo akasiyana, ichakurukurwa uyu yokupedzisira Data vakawana vachishandisa inokosha nzira.

Kuongorora nekongiri kuramba yakaderera tembiricha

Miedzo kunze kushandisa inokosha uye kuzvidzora ivhu, izvo anobudiswa kubva zvidzidzo siyana nekongiri mvura nokuda Serial yokuedzwa. Kuzvidzora kongiri blanks zvinoshandiswa kuziva simba ravo compressive. nzira iyi rinoitwa pamberi miedzo dzinokosha ivhu kuti richaiswa pasi -oma-nyungudika dzakasiyana modes pamusoro saturation, izvo zvinoitika dzinongoitika okunze.

Somuenzaniso:

• pamberi chemhando pasi chechetere;
• mune pamwaka thawing pamusoro permafrost;
• kana kutarisana kunayisa;
• pasina nguva nenguva saturation, kana kongiri kunodzivirirwa kubva pasi uye kunayisa.

The kupatsanura pamwero nekongiri chando kuramba achishandisa pezvitsiga

Maererano ichangobva pakadhindwa Standard, chando kuramba nekongiri muchiso runotaurwa tsamba Latin F. kukosha iyi inechirevo kunonyanyisa nhamba Ndinoda / nyungudika zvinogara, unopikiana mumwe chirongwa ivhu makore maererano rutapudzo hwesimba tensile uye rutapudzo kurema zvenyaya kukosha kwayo, akapa mirayiro huripo zvinodiwa.

Kuti tizive padanho chando nemishonga nekongiri kusanganiswa tsika anoshandiswa kubva 25 kusvika 1000. The yakakura mutengo, nani unhu uye rakavimbika mashoko.

Mitemo kusarudza nekongiri wemisanganiswa

Kusarudza zvinodiwa mugwaro nekongiri wemisanganiswa kuti chando nemishonga ehupfumi yaifanira kufungisisa okunze zvechadenga nzvimbo, uyewo uwandu nechando uye thawing zvinogara panguva chando mwaka. Cherechedza kuti zvikuru nemishonga kuti chando vane concretes dzakakwirira arambe achirema.