Finno-Ugric marudzi: zita, mazita

Kana tikatarisa map of Russian Federation, rinogona kuwanikwa nembiya of Volga uye Kama nzizi zita, apo pane mabhii "ha" uye "Sekai". Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti maigara Finno-Ugric madzinza. Mumutauro wavo, mabhii akadaro anoreva "rwizi". Pasinei vaiva chaizvo navanopinda Kuparadzirwa nharaunda, kare vakawanda vachiri havagoni kutaura chaizvo zvaiva nzira yavo youpenyu.

Description of Finno-Ugric madzinza

Sezvo Finno-Ugric madzinza, mazita avo akasiyana-siyana zvikuru guru dzeRussia. Vanogona kukamurwa kuva mapoka makuru mashanu:

1. Karelians vaigara Republic of yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia. Ivo akakurukura tumitauro akawanda, asi mutauro mukuru - Finnish. Vanozivawo Russian.
2. Lapps kana vaSami vaigara Northern dzekuma Scandinavia. Pakuvamba, nhamba yavo yakanga yakakura, asi pakupedzisira vakanga kusundwa kuchamhembe, zvichiguma murombo magariro vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza uwandu nhengo vanhu.
3. Mordvinians uye Maris, achigara munharaunda Mordovia, uyewo munyika dzakawanda Russian. Vose mapoka, ndiko ichi nezvomunda Russified nokukurumidza, nyika pakarepo akagamuchira chiKristu uye mutauro zvakakodzera.
4. Komi uye Udmurts vaigara Republic of Komi. Boka iri - the vakadzidza zvikuru, padanho kuverenga vakanga vasina kuenzana kusvikira Revolution.
5. Hungarians, Khanty uye Mansi kugara Northern Urals ezasi kunosvika of Ob River. Asi pakutanga guta guru rudzi urwu vaiona Danube erwizi.

Nokudaro, Finno-Ugric madzinza munhoroondo yayo yaiva chete panhengo pamwe Russian. Uye, zvino, tsika dzavo intermingled vakazoziva itsva kubva mumwe.

ari Finno-Ugric akaita kupi?

Kutaura kupi akagadzirisa Finno-Ugric madzinza, yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora mubvunzo kuti panowanikwa norudzi. Chokwadi kuti nzvimbo yavo yokugara rinotaura nzvimbo huru, asi yakarurama mashoko pamusoro apo vose vakatanga, kwete.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndivo epakutanga vagari Eurasia. In IV-III chemakore BC. e. vakagara kwete chete ndima wokuRussia zvachose, asi kupararira Europe. Pane yakakamurwa maonero nei mhuri vakaenda kuWest. Chekutanga, zvingaratidza kwakajairika yokutama. Chechipiri, rinobvumira kuti pave marginalization kwavo vakundi.

Second pachake dzakaitika vaiona kazhinji, sezvo muna II chemakore BC. e. pamusoro Russian ndima akatanga kupinda marudzi kubva Turkey, India, Asia Minor, uye zvichingodaro. Asi kungotaura kuti Finno-Ugric vanhu vakaita basa rinokosha mune paumbwe necheSalvic avanhu.

Before necheSalvic vokuparidzira

Indigenous vanhu Russian nyika yacho Slavs vaiona Finno-Ugric uye Baltic namarudzi. Kudziridza nzvimbo idzi, vakatanga VI zviuru zvemakore akapfuura. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvava kumadokero Mountains Ural, uye ipapo - on East European Plain, uye ipapo kusvika kumahombekombe eGungwa reBaltic. Zvisinei, kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo marudzi aya kwagara vaiona Urals.

Zvinosuruvarisa vakawanda Finno-Ugric madzinza haana rakapona kusvikira nhasi. Nhasi nhamba yavo shoma. Asi kungotaura kuti vana vakadaro yakakura uye vakawanda vekare, nyika anogara munharaunda yose nyika.

dzinogarisana

Vakazopinda of Finno-Ugric madzinza ndiyo gogonera. Izvi imhaka yokuti kwacho zvakwatanga pamusoro pamuganhu Asia uye Europe, asi gare gare atora nemamwe nenharaunda. Kazhinji ivo kukwezvwa kuchamhembe uye kumadokero.

By mireniyumu, I chaizvoizvo akatora nharaunda yose kuBaltic Finno-Ugric madzinza. Nzvimbo kugarwa hakusi bedzi nokuti mamwe marudzi vakananga akananga kuchamhembe dzekuma Scandinavia.

Asi Kucherwa zvinoratidza kuti zvose izvi marudzi vane zvakawanda pamwe Slavs, kubva kurima, chitendero uye anopera kuonekwa. Somugumisiro, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda amarudzi vakaenda kuchamhembe, vamwe vavo akagara pamusoro munharaunda Russia ano.

Musangano wokutanga pamwe Russian

Mugore XVI-XVIII emakore kugara Russian akatanga kuvimbisa kuti nzvimbo inogarwa Finno-Ugric madzinza. List emauto musazonetsanazve kwave usingashandi kubva akawanda kugarwa rikaparadzirwa kunze zvikuru murugare. Chete kupota pasi accession munyika itsva kune Russian wehurumende akasangana kurwisa. Zvikuru nehasha vaiva Mari.

Religion, kunyora uye mutauro Rusich mugovatonga zvakanaka kukurumidza akatanga dzevamwe yomunharaunda tsika. Asi pamusoro chikamu Finno-Ugric marudzi uye mamwe mashoko vakapinda mutauro tumitauro. Somuenzaniso, chikamu mazita wokuRussia, kufanana Shukshin Piyasheva nevamwe vane chokuita netsika dzedu. Vanoenda shure zita yorudzi "shuksha" uye zita "Piyash" kazhinji ndiyo chiKristu. Nokudaro, mubatani- Mutsika zviviri zvakasiyana rwakabvisa supplementing mumwe.

Colonisation

Ancient Finno-Ugric marudzi aigara munzvimbo huru, uye kuti ndiye aikonzera misha yavo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti havasi vose vaigona kuchengetedzwa kubva dzakadzidzvinyirira nezvombo. Asi izvi hazvina kuita zvikuru venyika akabatana Rus nokukurumidza uye pasina kurwisa.

Zvisinei, nzvimbo inogarwa Finno-Ugric madzinza, akakwezva kwete chete Russian. VokuTurkey vaivawo kufarira kuwedzera mundima yavo. Saka, chikamu rudzi vasingagamuchiri yechiKristu uye vaMuslim.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, pasinei nokuti Finno-Ugric avanhu sezvariri zvazvichanyungudutswa avo tsika kuti akazviratidza panyika yavo, ivo zvichachengetwawo nezvavanenge mhando. Ichi zvitema meso, tsvukuruka bvudzi uye yakafara chiso. Uyewo nemhaka mutauro wavo akanga akwereta mashoko mazhinji, akadai achinaya mvura kana sprat.

upfumi

Kutaura zvazviri, haugoni kusarudza chero Kunyanya zvoupfumi basa, iyo inoitiswa Finno-Ugric madzinza. Makirasi navo vakawanda vaiumba poro nokupfuwa, hove uye kuvhima. Chete vamwe dzokumaruwa Sub-mapoka aiva akasiyana.

Somuenzaniso, Mari, uyo vakaita zvakaipa kundopinda wokuRussia wehurumende, akaramba kusvikira Revolution. Izvi aiva inokanganisa kwavo basa. Havana kugona kutengesa, uye vashomanana vavo aigona kutakura pamusoro ndege basa. Accommodation mumisha kumanikidzwa chokurarama nacho chete kuburikidza mhuka minda uye kurima.

Subgroup pamusoro Komi, iro kusiyaniswa dzidzo, kuti mune imwe nzira kuti mari. Pakati pavo paiva vatengesi zhinji uye Entrepreneurs, iyo anobvisa basa rakaoma.

chitendero

Orthodoxy chaiva chitendero ruzhinji ndudzi yaiumba Finno-Ugric madzinza. Chitendero Vamwe vavo akasiyana zvikuru zvakasimba nokuti kuti panguva Colonisation yendima yakakundwa vokuTurkey. Naizvozvo, vamwe misha dzakamanikidzwa kuna Islam uye Islam.

Asi kureurura Orthodox, kwete vose Finno-Ugric madzinza. The pamazita vemarudzi makadzinga vamwe zvitendero, riri shoma, asi achiri zvaitika.

Udmurts wokurera chiKristu, asi haisi mhosva kutevera tsika dzechiKristu. Vakawanda vavo vakanga vangobhabhatidzwa kuziva Russian kuti ruvasiye. Zvisinei, chikuru chitendero zvechihedheni yavo. Vanonamata vanamwari uye nemidzimu. Vazhinji vanhu Komi icharega kutenda chete uye vaiva Old Vatendi.

Khanty uye Mansi haana kuona chiKristu sezvo chitendero chacho chikuru. Ivo aikwezva kutenda mutana, uye havana kuedza kunyange kuviga ichi, rubhabhatidzo kwakanga nomutorwa kwavari. Asi nokuti kuti vairarama kure machinda Russian, kuvamanikidza kuti vagamuchire Orthodoxy hapana aigona. Zvimwe nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kutenda wekare yakaramba kuti Khanty uye Mansi chete pamusoro vavakanga. Vari kungoti kwete kuenzaniswa.

kunyora

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti Finno-Ugric madzinza ndivo mapoka evanhu vakanga vatenda nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko akanyorwa mutadzi. Somugumisiro, chero mabhuku mabhuku vari nyore dziripowo. Kupararira mashoko zvokunyorwa hakubvumidzwi.

Zvisinei, kushandisa hieroglyphs yakanga iripo. Zvakatanga ari IV chemakore BC. e. uye akaramba kusvikira XIV remakore. Chete ipapo Metropolitan Perm paakavapa rudzi Komi pachake tsamba. Kunenge kuti iyi ndiyo chikonzero vava vakadzidza pane hama dzavo ropa.

Finno-Ugric madzinza, mukusiyana kuna Slavs, haana mutauro zvikuru. Mumwe yokugara rakashandisa yayo mutauro. Kazhinji mukati chete madzinza vanhu vasingagoni kunzwisisa mumwe. Zvichida, izvozvo uyewo kuva chikonzero nokushaiwa kunyora.

Mabhuku uye mitauro

All of Finno-Ugric madzinza, mazita zvarisingaverengeki nokuti vazhinji vavo, akataura tumitauro dzavo. Uyezve, kunyange rudzi kazhinji pasina muturikiri vasinganzwisise ropa wowokwake. Asi, kusiyana nezvinodavirwa nevakawanda, mitauro rakajairika haasi kuenda.

unogona kuwana misha dzokumaruwa, apo zvikoro zvinodzidzisa mumitauro miviri iri munharaunda Russia ano - Russian uye chizvarwa - bhuku iri iyo zviuru zvemakore zvakawanda kare yemadzitateguru akataura. Somuenzaniso, muna Mordovia, pane kudzidza Russian uye Mordovian mitauro.

Pamberi ushe Peter ini Russia ano haana kumbosiyana kuti kumanikidza yose yevanhu kutaura chete Russian. Raishandiswa chete mumaguta makuru kana makuru administrative masangano (mutero uye zvichingodaro). mutauro Russian rakapinda kumisha uye misha zvishoma nezvishoma, pakutanga kurishandisa akatsanangura chete landlords uye bailiffs.

The chikuru mabhuku vaiona Moksha, Merya uye Mari mitauro. Zvino ivo vaitaurirana kunyange Vatyairi vetekisi, vatengesi pamisika, uye zvichingodaro. Kureva zvakasiyana-siyana vanhu munyaya entrepreneurial basa, aingovawo hazvibatsiri kuziva tumitauro avo vatengi.

mhedziso

In mhedziso, ndinofanira kutaura kuti Russian kuwedzera chaizvo tsika, kunyora uye mitauro Finno-Ugric madzinza. Zvisinei, mumwe haafaniri kurerutsa mupiro uye neizvi. Mazita akawanda ano, mazita maguta uye nzizi vakauya chaiyo kubva Finno-Ugric marudzi.

Mabhuku rakasimbisawo nokuda tsika rudzi urwu. The Finno-Ugric vanhu vagara akavigwa vakafa yavo pomuoki coffins. Vaifanira murindi. Basa varindi tora katsi, umo dzimwe ngano akandipa muroyi yokugezera Magi kana rudzi. Uyewo, pamuouki akaturika dunhu kana yakanyorerwa kukurumidza uye ndakaona akacheka kugadzira. Saka, kunyange mukuru Classics Russian, sezvo Pushkin, vaisagona kuramba kubva Finno-Ugric tsika. Uye zvimwe ake katsi musayendisiti kunze nevashamani, vakabuda paSheori.