Filamentous algae: zvikamu zvekukura, kubereka, sei kubvisa kubva kumvura?

Nzira dzakashata dzakasununguka, pakarepo pazvinenge dzichionekwa mumvura, dzinotanga kukura nekukurumidza, kusunga micheka yakaoma yemiti nematombo. Mumazuva mashomanana, ruvara runogona kuzadza zvizere mudzimba. Kukura, zvinyorwa zvinokonzera yakawanda yemarara mumvura, zvinopesana nekukura kwezvirimwa, kuva magwebhu, umo hove fry inogona kuvhiringidzika kana kudyisa zvikamu zvinogona kubatwa. Zvose izvi ndizvo chikonzero chekushandiswa kwekuora kwehutano. Kana iwe usingatori matanho uye utanga dambudziko, ruvara rwemavara ruvara runogona kutungamirira kurufu rwezvisikwa zvose.

Nhengo dzeguruzi dzakasiyana sei nemiti?

Vose vamiririri veumambo hwezvirimwa maererano nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakakamurwa kuva yakakwirira uye pasi. Zvirimwa, kusanganisira aquarium plants, zvipenyu zvakakomba zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nemasangano muhutano hwavo: midzi yevhu, mashizha, shini, shandi, maruva nemichero.

Mienzaniso yekudzvara mbeu dzisinganzwisisi mukuchengetedza kwavo ndeye duckweed, limnobium, elodea, vallisneria, hornwort. Vagari vemujeri remukati vanobudisa photosynthesis, iyo iyo carbon dioxide inobviswa uye okisijeni inosunungurwa, phosphates, nitrites uye nitrate inogadziriswa, kuchenesa iyo aquarium, zviratidzo zvehupenyu hwezvisikwa uye zvimwe zvokudya zvevagari vayo.

Algae ndivo vamiri vemiti yakaderera, protozoa. Nhengo dzavo dzakawanda zvikuru kupfuura vamiririri veboka repamusoro (maruva kana mbeu yemichero) - mhando dzesimbi hadzina nhengo, dzinosanganisira imwechete kana mhando dzemamwe masero ayo anosangana nehutano hwehupenyu hunoitika. Algae inoparadzaniswa mu-algae ne-multicellular algae. Chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa mbeu dzakaderera ndeyepore propagation.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvealgae zvinowanikwa zvakaparadzana mumatare. Iyo yakajeka yazvo ndeyebhuruu-green algae, asi boka rose reboka racho rakaoma kunzwisisa. Munzvimbo dzomugungwa unogona kuwana maruva, ruvara, diatomu uye nyekundu algae. Kakawanda "muenzi" wemadzimai emudzimba, asingabviri chiedza chezvisikwa zvakakwana, munguva yechando ndezvenyeredzi yepepuru, uye yakakwirira yezvinhu zvinowanikwa mumvura ye aquarium inowanzoita kuti kushandiswa kwevanhu vema-blue-green veboka.

Nei zvikepe zvegungwa zvichionekwa mumvura?

Nzira dzakashata dziri mu aquarium dziri kukura zvakasimba uye dzinokurumidza kushandisa inenge yose nzvimbo yegomba remusha pasi pemamiriro anotevera:

• Kuwedzera kwemvura dambudziko;
• Nhamba isina kukwana yemiti yemvura;
• Kunyoresa mvura kunotsiviwa;
• Kusina kuchena, izvo zvinokonzera kuunganidza nitrates, inofanirwa kukura uye kukura kwemafuta;
• Kugovera oksijeni mune zvakawanda zvisingakwanisi;
• Kujekesa kunobwinya: iyo filament inowanzoonekwa kakawanda kana chiedza chekugadzira chinoshandiswa kwemaawa masere masikati pazuva kana zuva rakananga rinopinda mumvura.

Vatangi vemvura vanotarisana nemafungiro mune izvo zviitiko apo miti yakakwirira haisati yava nenguva yekugara mumamiriro ezvinhu uye kune huwandu hwakawanda hwekutsvaga zvinhu zvakakosha pakukura kwekushanda kweprotozoa. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuunza gorosi gorosi pamwe nemiti itsva yemvura.

Ndezvipi zvinokonzera algae?

Kuwedzerwa kwekushanda kwemagetsi eine filamentous kunotungamirira kukuti zvipenyu zvinokonzera nzvimbo yose mu aquarium mumazuva mashoma. Vanobatanidza mumatanda, vanongedza michero, vachivhiringidza kukura kwavo uye kubudirira, kuvhara mafirita nemimwe midziyo, kusungirirwa kumakumbo. Zvimwe zvinotapira zvakasunungurwa ne-filamentous algae zvakakura, zvinokanganisa vagari vemu aquarium. Muma filaments pachawo, zvinyorwa zvinogona kuva zvakabatanidzwa mune fries uye zviduku zviduku, zvinonamatira zvigadziro zvezvokudya uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa.

Tinoita sei sevarume?

Green filamentous algae ndiye mumiriri wemumwe wemapoka, kazhinji anounza dambudziko risina kufanira kune vagarist. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvekushanda kwekushanda kwemavara egirini mumvura yakadzika ndiko kuonekwa kunotyisa uye kunomera kwemvura. Kunze kwekunze, tsvina yacho inoratidzika sechetete zvakasvibirira tsvuku. Iroga iri slimy, inononoka kumubata, kana yabviswa pamvura pakarepo inorasikirwa nemafungiro ayo uye saggers. Kuburikidza kwehutano hwema filamentous hunoitika nekuda kwekudya kwezvimiti zvakasanganiswa mumvura uye kushandiswa kwemafotoynthesis.

Nei chidimbu "chinokunda ndima" nokukurumidza?

Filamentous algae inokura nokukurumidza mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Kukurudzira kupararira nokukurumidza kwembambo muzvigadziro zvekuvaka, nzira yekuberekwa: inonzi alga inopinda munzvimbo dzakasiyana, imwe neimwe inoshandisa tambo itsva. Uyezve, mavara e-filamentous anoberekwa ne spores. Muchikamu chekupedzisira, spores ne flagella inonamatira pasi uye inomera.

Ndezvipi zvinonzi algae (filamentous)?

Muchigungwa, mavara maviri emagetsi anokwanisa kuvapo: zvakasvibirira zvakasvibirira zvakasvibira zvakasununguka mumvura, uye zviduku, zvinowanzounganidza pane girasi kumusoro uye mapurani emiti. Mhando dzakasiyana dzevegorosi dzakasvibirira dzakasiyana-siyana "maererano" maererano nenzvimbo uye chikafu, kuitira kuti nzira dzokurwa nadzo dzisiyane.

Kwa filamentous algae nde:

1. Spirogir. Algae ine maitiro erefu akajeka "makwande" akareruka, ayo anorasika mumasango akasiyana. Utambo hwakanyorova, nyore nyore hwakanyungudutswa neminwe. Kazhinji kacho, spirogyra inogara pedyo nemiti miduku, uye kuwedzerwa kwebasa reAlga kunogadziriswa nehuwandu hwezvimiti uye chiedza.
2. Nitcat. Mhando iyi inobatanidza yakawanda yakafanana yakawanda. Utambo hurefu hunoiswa kune dzimwe nheyo dzekare kana marombo munzvimbo dzakanyatsotarisa, ruvara runogona kubva kubva kune rima kana rakatsetseka kusvika kuchena kana kusha.
3. "Pushok". Pakutanga kwekutanga kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi e "filamentous", "fluff" inobatanidza mashizha nemarimu emiti. Chimiro chezvinyorwa izvi zvinoratidza kusakosha kwezvokudya mu aquarium uye urombo hwevhu pasi substrate.
4. Chlorella uye chlamydomonas. Nzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzakagadziriswa chikamu chehupenyu hwepanyama mukati mezvisikwa zvemvura, asi mu aquarium vanogona kuva dambudziko rechokwadi. Chlorella uye chlamydomonas ndizvo chaizvo izvo zvinokonzera maruva emvura.
5. Ulotriks. Iyo filamentous alotrix ulotriks inoumba matanho anobatana pamwe chete. Nzvimbo iyi inobatanidza masvingo akadzivirira uye ivhu remvura.

Ndeipi nzira dzekutarisana nemafuta?

Kurwisana ne thread kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzinoverengeka, zviri nani kutaura nechinetso nenzira yakakwana. Bvisa zvinyorwa zvese zvinogona kunge zvinotevera:

• Nokugadzira magetsi;
• Kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu asingagamuchiri kukura nekuvandudzirwa kwezvinyorwa;
• Biological uye makemikari nzira.

Nzira yekubvisa sei gorosi nemaitiro?

Nzira yekutanga kurwisana sei? Filamentous algae ingangodaro yakasiya dziva rekugadzira mushure mekugadzira magetsi ndiyo spirogyra nemafuta. Mukurwisana nezvimwe zvipenyu, kushandiswa kwemagetsi kuchava danho rokutanga.

Saka, iwe unofanira kunyatsochenesa masvingo eu aquarium kubva pamucheka wegirini. Kuti uite nyore nzira yacho, pane zvakawanda zvakagadziriswa zvishandiso: scrapers inoshanda pamusoro pemirairo, magirasi ane maginiti inokubvumira kuti udzore nzira kuburikidza negirazi. Zvisinei, mukuita, iri nyore uye inoshanda zvakanyanya kuchenesa masvingo emvura ye aquarium nechipfeko chekushambadzira nguva dzose . Nenzira, miromo inononoka haisi kusiya mitezo, iyo inowanzoshandiswa paunenge uchishandisa mahwendefa chaiwo.

Kuchenesa kubva pamucheka, zvishongo zvekushongedza, driftwood nematombo zvakanyanya kuoma. Asi kunyange pano pane nzira iri nyore uye yakavimbika - chigadzirwa chinonyanya kushandiswa chakazviratidza pachako chekare rinowira mazino. Rigid bristles uye zviduku zvishoma zvinokubvumira kunyatsoshandisa nzvimbo dzisina kufanira. Pamwe pamwechete nekuchenesa magetsi kunokosha kuchinja mvura mumvura.

Ndezvipi zvisingagamuchirwi nemamiriro ekumusoro?

Hondo yekurwisana nemafungiro emagetsi anoreva zvakare kusikwa kwemamiriro asina kunaka ekuberekwa kwavo uye kubudirira. Saka, iwe unoda kuderedza kubwinya kwechiedza, uye kana iyo aquarium iri pasi pezuva, inosvibisa nemapupe machena kana gauze. Algae ichafa nemwenje chaiye. Mazuva matatu akakwana kubvisa tsvina nenzira iyi.

Mukuwedzera, zvingave zvakakosha kuwedzera nhamba yemiti yemvura. Zvitsva zvinorarama zvinodiwa kuchengetedza hupenyu hunogadziriswa hwechigadziro chekuvaka, zvisinei kuti nzvimbo yavo ichave yakabatwa ne algae. Izvo zvinokoshawo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuita zvakanaka - kubuda kwakakwana kwe okisijeni kuchaita kuti mbeu dzive dzakanaka uye dzinodzvinyirira kukura kwezvenyu.

Ndezvipi zvinyorwa zvinogara mumvura zvinodya kudya?

Iyo yakawandisa yakawanda yea filamentous algae ichabatsirwawo neavo vanogara mune imwe nzvimbo yekugadzirira. Mamwe mhando dzehove dzinodya zvipembenene, dzichitungamirira kuparadzirwa kwavo. Saka, nokuda kwekusimudzira kwezvisikwa, pane dzimwe nguva zvakakwana kuva nehove inonzi Ancistrus vulgaris. Vavengi vezvisikwa zvezverwe zvakare:

• Crayfishes of daphnia;
• Mollies;
• Barbs;
• Shrimp;
• Nokoni-makumbo;
• Pecilia;
• Guppies nedzimwe hove dzakasununguka.

Ndezvipi zvinodhaka zvinodzvinyirira kukura kwekoko?

Hazvisi nguva dzose kugonekana nekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwekugarisa kwega kwega kwega ne "masikirwo" nenzira. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakakosha kushandisa kemikari inogona kutengwa mu aquarium kana zvipfeko zvezvokudya. Kubva kune filamentous algae inobatsira kuita gomba rekuita bicillin-5 uye penicillin.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei maitiro ezvinyorwa?

Kudzivirira kutaridzika kwechirwere mumvura yakadzika, munhu haafaniri kuziva kuti nei zvipembenene zvegungwa zvichionekwa, asiwo zvii zvinodiwa muupenyu hwehupenyu. Chiedza ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha. Zuva rezuva kana chiedza chinopenya chinokonzera kuberekwa nekupararira kwezvenje, saka mvura yegungwa haifaniri kusara pasi pechiedza chakasimba kwenguva refu.

Inotendwawo kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwe nitrates uye phosphates hunokonzera kuwedzera mukukura kweija. Izvo zvinhu zvikamu zvehutano hwemvura yakasimwa, asi haukwanisi zvachose kuwedzera fertilizing, sezvo fertilizer ichiri kudiwa. Saka, muzvirimwa unofanirwa kudiridza zvinowanikwa.

Nekuda kuti usataurire zvipembenene zveguru pamwe chete nemiti itsva, zvakakosha kudzora zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka kuiswa muzvigadziro zvekuvaka. Kana paine zviratidzo zvezviputi pazvirimwa zvitsva kana zvinhu zvekushongedza, unoda kumirira nekutenga.

Paunenge uchichenesa mvura yegungwa, miti yose inofanira kunge yakanatswa nemvura uye yakanatswa. Iyo ivhu rinofanira kurapwa nenzira imwechete. Nekuchenesa nguva dzose yevhu, mukana wehuturu hwakanyanya kuderedzwa. Zvakanaka mukudzivirira nitric oxide kana hydrogen peroxide. Kunyange zvakadaro, nzira idzi dzose dziri pamusoro hazvibatsiri zvakanyanya kana sangano iri rasati rasvika mumvura. Muchiitiko ichi, unofanira kutanga wabvisa zvirwere.

Wadii kubvisa zvachose zvimedu?

Algae inobatanidzwa zvizere muhutano hwehupenyu, kuitira kuti kuonekwa kuonekwe kwechiuno muzviyero zvisinganzwisisi hazvikuvadzi iyo aquarium. Kusiyana neizvi, ruvara rwemavara ane ruvara rwegorosi rinogona kunwa mishonga yakawandisa uye zvigadzirwa. Kukuvadza kunokonzera kukura zvakanyanya kwea algae mune gadziro rekuvaka. Mukuwedzera, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoshanda sechiratidzo chakajeka kuti kune imwe rudzi rwekukundikana muvharo yevhu. Zvichida chinetso ndechokushaiwa kwemiti yakadzika kana kuvhenekera.